{"id":"https://openalex.org/W86645374","doi":null,"title":"Explaining the incidence of catastrophic expenditures on health care: Comparative evidence from Asia","display_name":"Explaining the incidence of catastrophic expenditures on health care: Comparative evidence from Asia","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W86645374","mag":"86645374"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:86645374","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.equitap.org/publications/docs/EquitapWP5.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016673935","display_name":"Owen O\u2019Donnell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6289-1924","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6289-1924"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Owen O\u2019Donnell","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6289-1924","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056551664","display_name":"Eddy K.A. van Doorslaer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2692-1433","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2692-1433"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eddy van Doorslaer","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2692-1433","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003011170","display_name":"Ravi P. Rannan-Eliya","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ravi P. Rannan-Eliya","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113702203","display_name":"Sri Santhi Lanka","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sri Lanka","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101911438","display_name":"Charu C. Garg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7263-7647","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7263-7647"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charu C. Garg","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7263-7647","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077279211","display_name":"Piya Hanvoravongchai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4256-1271","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4256-1271"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Piya Hanvoravongchai","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4256-1271","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075706607","display_name":"Mohammed Nazmul Huq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4456-6041","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4456-6041"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Nazmul Huq","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4456-6041","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089357893","display_name":"Anup Karan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3452-4326","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3452-4326"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anup Karan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3452-4326","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032186734","display_name":"Gabriel Matthew Leung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2503-6283","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2503-6283"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"GM Leung","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2503-6283","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.1235,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":80,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94902732,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11531","display_name":"Healthcare Systems and Reforms","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11531","display_name":"Healthcare Systems and Reforms","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10391","display_name":"Healthcare Policy and Management","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12781","display_name":"Global Health Care Issues","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/catastrophic-health-expenditure","display_name":"catastrophic health expenditure","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/out-of-pocket-health-payments","display_name":"out-of-pocket health payments","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/household-consumption","display_name":"household consumption","score":0.5170000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-rural-differences","display_name":"urban-rural differences","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/household-size","display_name":"household size","score":0.4620000123977661}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C610760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1340706","display_name":"Endogeneity","level":2,"score":0.7899261116981506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30772137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164762","display_name":"Consumption (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.7054020762443542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.5821442604064941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.5099118947982788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.5098658800125122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145097563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148747","display_name":"Payment","level":2,"score":0.47059357166290283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4116821885108948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.23471125960350037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.1895720660686493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.12699562311172485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:86645374","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.equitap.org/publications/docs/EquitapWP5.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9391000270843506,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"score":0.8928999900817871,"display_name":"No poverty","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1483925216","https://openalex.org/W1499947119","https://openalex.org/W1508570676","https://openalex.org/W1902419318","https://openalex.org/W1972048474","https://openalex.org/W1993536348","https://openalex.org/W2030115206","https://openalex.org/W2031633344","https://openalex.org/W2058404065","https://openalex.org/W2082260411","https://openalex.org/W2096969338","https://openalex.org/W2102331226","https://openalex.org/W2114695710","https://openalex.org/W2124758339","https://openalex.org/W2125849337","https://openalex.org/W2131920470","https://openalex.org/W2170964814","https://openalex.org/W2402150823","https://openalex.org/W2407067733","https://openalex.org/W3121668358","https://openalex.org/W3122850188"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4408597827","https://openalex.org/W1968842406","https://openalex.org/W2137321576","https://openalex.org/W2055636320","https://openalex.org/W1668460385","https://openalex.org/W4401520436","https://openalex.org/W7212260437","https://openalex.org/W2557158774","https://openalex.org/W1499947119","https://openalex.org/W7095549014"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Out-of-pocket":[0],"(OOP)":[1],"financing":[2],"of":[3,12,20,30,83,96,118,125,136,146],"health":[4,162,181],"care":[5,182],"leaves":[6,153],"households":[7,35,47,65,160],"exposed":[8],"to":[9,51],"the":[10,21,28,81,91,94,97,116,119,126,144,147],"risk":[11],"unforeseen":[13],"expenditures":[14,33],"that":[15,159],"absorb":[16],"a":[17,67,103,172],"large":[18],"share":[19,100],"household":[22,177],"budget.":[23],"We":[24,86,132],"explain":[25],"variation":[26],"in":[27,36,41,59,171,175],"incidence":[29,56,82],"catastrophic":[31,53,84],"medical":[32],"across":[34,130],"six":[37],"Asian":[38],"countries/territories.":[39],"Except":[40],"India":[42],"and":[43,62,70,93,152,167,179],"Sri":[44],"Lanka,":[45],"larger":[46],"are":[48],"more":[49],"likely":[50],"incur":[52],"payments.":[54,85],"The":[55,123],"is":[57,77,112,158],"higher":[58],"rural":[60],"areas":[61],"lower":[63],"among":[64],"with":[66,80,107,115],"sanitary":[68],"toilet":[69],"safe":[71],"drinking":[72],"water.":[73],"Household":[74],"total":[75,137,150,176],"consumption":[76,111,151],"positively":[78,113],"correlated":[79,114],"distinguish":[87],"between":[88],"effects":[89],"through":[90],"mean":[92,127],"variance":[95,117],"OOP":[98,120],"budget":[99,121],"by":[101],"estimating":[102],"linear":[104],"regression":[105],"model":[106],"multiplicative":[108],"heteroscedasticity.":[109],"Total":[110],"share.":[122,183],"direction":[124],"effect":[128],"differs":[129],"countries.":[131],"consistently":[133],"reject":[134],"exogeneity":[135],"consumption.":[138],"Correcting":[139],"for":[140],"endogeneity":[141],"generally":[142],"reduces":[143],"magnitude":[145],"coefficient":[148],"on":[149],"it":[154],"insignificant.":[155],"One":[156],"interpretation":[157],"finance":[161],"payments":[163],"from":[164],"savings,":[165],"borrowing":[166],"assets":[168],"sales":[169],"resulting":[170],"rise":[173],"both":[174],"expenditure":[178],"its":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}