{"id":"https://openalex.org/W86462072","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1523","title":"Chemistry of the subalkalic silicic obsidians","display_name":"Chemistry of the subalkalic silicic obsidians","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W86462072","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1523","mag":"86462072"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3133/pp1523","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1523","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1523","pdf_url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1523/pdf/pp1523_text.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169279","display_name":"USGS professional paper","issn_l":"1044-9612","issn":["1044-9612","2330-7102"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315882","host_organization_name":"United States Government Publishing Office","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315882"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["United States Government Publishing Office"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Professional Paper","raw_type":"report-component"},"volume":null,"type":"report","is_traditional":false,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1523/pdf/pp1523_text.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103412348","display_name":"Ray Macdonald","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ray MacDonald","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oregon California Nevada Idaho Wyoming Colorado Arizona","Alaska","U CO CO"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oregon California Nevada Idaho Wyoming Colorado Arizona","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alaska","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"U CO CO","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102972815","display_name":"Robert L. Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1545-7874","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1545-7874"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert L. Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oregon California Nevada Idaho Wyoming Colorado Arizona","Alaska","U CO CO"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oregon California Nevada Idaho Wyoming Colorado Arizona","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alaska","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"U CO CO","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113887633","display_name":"John Evans Thomas","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John E. Thomas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oregon California Nevada Idaho Wyoming Colorado Arizona","Alaska","U CO CO"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oregon California Nevada Idaho Wyoming Colorado Arizona","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alaska","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"U CO CO","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":116,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10001","display_name":"Geological and Geochemical Analysis","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1906","display_name":"Geochemistry and Petrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10001","display_name":"Geological and Geochemical Analysis","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1906","display_name":"Geochemistry and Petrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11740","display_name":"Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis","score":0.0032999999821186066,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1906","display_name":"Geochemistry and Petrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13177","display_name":"Geological and Geophysical Studies","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obsidian","display_name":"obsidian","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ree-geochemistry","display_name":"rare earth element geochemistry","score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/negative-eu-anomaly","display_name":"negative Eu anomaly","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crustal-melting","display_name":"crustal melting","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fractional-crystallization","display_name":"fractional crystallization","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magma-mixing","display_name":"magma mixing","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/volatile-transfer","display_name":"volatile transfer","score":0.6930000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magma-chamber-evolution","display_name":"magma chamber evolution","score":0.5899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/island-arc-magmatism","display_name":"island arc magmatism","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continental-margin-magmatism","display_name":"continental margin magmatism","score":0.8899999856948853}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104962623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16919729","display_name":"Silicic","level":3,"score":0.7284210920333862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141646446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858571","display_name":"Continental crust","level":3,"score":0.6574456691741943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.6504746079444885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17409809","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161764","display_name":"Geochemistry","level":1,"score":0.5423094034194946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776698055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4232578","display_name":"Crust","level":2,"score":0.47572043538093567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77928131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193343","display_name":"Tectonics","level":2,"score":0.4726478159427643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781311116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83306","display_name":"Group (periodic table)","level":2,"score":0.4670756161212921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34682378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q351792","display_name":"Trace element","level":2,"score":0.45639652013778687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199289684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83353","display_name":"Mineralogy","level":1,"score":0.405348539352417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.34850525856018066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.23113933205604553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120806208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8072","display_name":"Volcano","level":2,"score":0.19612938165664673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3133/pp1523","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1523","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1523","pdf_url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1523/pdf/pp1523_text.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169279","display_name":"USGS professional paper","issn_l":"1044-9612","issn":["1044-9612","2330-7102"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315882","host_organization_name":"United States Government Publishing Office","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315882"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["United States Government Publishing Office"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Professional Paper","raw_type":"report-component"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3133/pp1523","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1523","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1523","pdf_url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1523/pdf/pp1523_text.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169279","display_name":"USGS professional paper","issn_l":"1044-9612","issn":["1044-9612","2330-7102"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315882","host_organization_name":"United States Government Publishing Office","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315882"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["United States Government Publishing Office"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Professional Paper","raw_type":"report-component"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332183","display_name":"U.S. Geological Survey","ror":"https://ror.org/035a68863"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W86462072.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W86462072.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":141,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W11610720","https://openalex.org/W18459997","https://openalex.org/W29719670","https://openalex.org/W43170193","https://openalex.org/W59486125","https://openalex.org/W113031436","https://openalex.org/W142205749","https://openalex.org/W164910618","https://openalex.org/W166587564","https://openalex.org/W200268586","https://openalex.org/W572620832","https://openalex.org/W589643694","https://openalex.org/W595278877","https://openalex.org/W1170932629","https://openalex.org/W1484832768","https://openalex.org/W1486033487","https://openalex.org/W1512710931","https://openalex.org/W1565885128","https://openalex.org/W1592567672","https://openalex.org/W1652484325","https://openalex.org/W1937372278","https://openalex.org/W1964251161","https://openalex.org/W1964909252","https://openalex.org/W1966876329","https://openalex.org/W1971898373","https://openalex.org/W1976262896","https://openalex.org/W1977795491","https://openalex.org/W1978760450","https://openalex.org/W1979350315","https://openalex.org/W1979376249","https://openalex.org/W1984115633","https://openalex.org/W1987470650","https://openalex.org/W1989165300","https://openalex.org/W1989480829","https://openalex.org/W1990099977","https://openalex.org/W1990606199","https://openalex.org/W1990737640","https://openalex.org/W1993501585","https://openalex.org/W2001336452","https://openalex.org/W2001823729","https://openalex.org/W2004353859","https://openalex.org/W2004780523","https://openalex.org/W2008545113","https://openalex.org/W2009520093","https://openalex.org/W2010987356","https://openalex.org/W2013945273","https://openalex.org/W2014836620","https://openalex.org/W2016114311","https://openalex.org/W2017120595","https://openalex.org/W2018743105","https://openalex.org/W2020191076","https://openalex.org/W2023137712","https://openalex.org/W2024418086","https://openalex.org/W2027371533","https://openalex.org/W2027811290","https://openalex.org/W2028582546","https://openalex.org/W2029068064","https://openalex.org/W2029384786","https://openalex.org/W2031645706","https://openalex.org/W2035507442","https://openalex.org/W2035620778","https://openalex.org/W2035798205","https://openalex.org/W2037461420","https://openalex.org/W2041440429","https://openalex.org/W2045866092","https://openalex.org/W2048152287","https://openalex.org/W2049329018","https://openalex.org/W2052244272","https://openalex.org/W2055939223","https://openalex.org/W2056107963","https://openalex.org/W2058177770","https://openalex.org/W2059041512","https://openalex.org/W2060290699","https://openalex.org/W2063705887","https://openalex.org/W2070104683","https://openalex.org/W2073849777","https://openalex.org/W2075528006","https://openalex.org/W2076727692","https://openalex.org/W2076830276","https://openalex.org/W2077938222","https://openalex.org/W2081636180","https://openalex.org/W2081673195","https://openalex.org/W2082960103","https://openalex.org/W2086587392","https://openalex.org/W2090694789","https://openalex.org/W2092323272","https://openalex.org/W2094264745","https://openalex.org/W2094440041","https://openalex.org/W2097235629","https://openalex.org/W2108612177","https://openalex.org/W2108971421","https://openalex.org/W2120040680","https://openalex.org/W2127617108","https://openalex.org/W2131445139","https://openalex.org/W2133310224","https://openalex.org/W2138393889","https://openalex.org/W2141395215","https://openalex.org/W2144455106","https://openalex.org/W2146505423","https://openalex.org/W2148605770","https://openalex.org/W2151836860","https://openalex.org/W2162621460","https://openalex.org/W2167893737","https://openalex.org/W2169474292","https://openalex.org/W2253715761","https://openalex.org/W2312418040","https://openalex.org/W2313877506","https://openalex.org/W2314378019","https://openalex.org/W2315635613","https://openalex.org/W2323834083","https://openalex.org/W2325019720","https://openalex.org/W2329285666","https://openalex.org/W2335385340","https://openalex.org/W2338238525","https://openalex.org/W2478091325","https://openalex.org/W2481600786","https://openalex.org/W2494791104","https://openalex.org/W2495091892","https://openalex.org/W2517770680","https://openalex.org/W2912020849","https://openalex.org/W2916803297","https://openalex.org/W2997897197","https://openalex.org/W3005012479","https://openalex.org/W3033921987","https://openalex.org/W3112467394","https://openalex.org/W3112766239","https://openalex.org/W3140211277","https://openalex.org/W3201536789","https://openalex.org/W3209547019","https://openalex.org/W4250290182","https://openalex.org/W4400029794","https://openalex.org/W6603812652","https://openalex.org/W6611677558","https://openalex.org/W6630117953","https://openalex.org/W6639641428","https://openalex.org/W6701544792","https://openalex.org/W6725504251","https://openalex.org/W6733168127","https://openalex.org/W6823753975","https://openalex.org/W6870485888","https://openalex.org/W6872378499"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1981985585","https://openalex.org/W589643694","https://openalex.org/W570543625","https://openalex.org/W2057730483","https://openalex.org/W3093958634","https://openalex.org/W2775181637","https://openalex.org/W2006589457","https://openalex.org/W7100193912","https://openalex.org/W7163578595","https://openalex.org/W3204550663"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Nonhydrated":[0],"obsidians":[1,46,148,329,343,399,409],"are":[2,69,79,122,129,202,229,240,330,400,436],"quenched":[3],"magmatic":[4],"liquids":[5],"that":[6,24,342,426],"record":[7],"in":[8,34,42,136,152,170,267,291,393,397,416],"their":[9,26],"chemical":[10,125],"compositions":[11,425],"details":[12],"of":[13,17,20,36,58,64,134,198,227,243,249,271,277,297,311,386,405,432,444,477],"the":[14,21,39,43,132,147,165,241,268,312,318,398,406,441,475,482],"tectonic":[15,77,445,483],"environment":[16,446],"formation":[18],"and":[19,55,61,71,95,111,114,117,164,168,177,186,189,193,208,259,284,314,323,327,353,365,368,381,390,447,467,484],"differentiation":[22,288],"mechanisms":[23],"affected":[25],"subsequent":[27,315],"evolution.":[28],"This":[29],"study":[30],"attempts":[31],"to":[32,131,217,221,418,430,439,480],"analyze,":[33],"terms":[35],"geologic":[37],"processes,":[38],"compositional":[40,115,377,395],"variations":[41,396],"subalkalic":[44,407],"silicic":[45,408,423],"(Si02\u226570":[47],"percent":[48],"by":[49,204,264,275,307,335,345,453,465],"weight,":[50],"molecular":[51],"(Na2O+K20)>Al2O3).":[52],"New":[53],"major-":[54],"trace-element":[56],"determinations":[57],"241":[59],"samples":[60],"a":[62,260,294,420],"compilation":[63],"130":[65],"published":[66],"major-element":[67],"analyses":[68],"reported":[70],"interpreted.":[72],"Obsidians":[73],"from":[74,457,461,468],"five":[75],"different":[76],"settings":[78],"recognized:":[80],"(1)":[81],"primitive":[82],"island":[83,87],"arcs,":[84,88],"(2)":[85],"mature":[86],"(3)":[89],"continental":[90,93],"margins,":[91],"(4)":[92],"interiors,":[94],"(5)":[96],"oceanic":[97],"extensional":[98],"zones.":[99],"Tectonomagmatic":[100],"discrimination":[101],"between":[102,127,379],"these":[103],"groups":[104,128,226],"is":[105,215,333,410],"successfully":[106],"made":[107,216,438],"on":[108,412],"Nb-Ta,":[109],"Nb-FeOt":[110],"Th-Hf-Ta":[112],"plots,":[113],"ranges":[116,322],"averages":[118,324],"for":[119,325,422,450],"each":[120,451],"group":[121,262],"presented.":[123],"The":[124,384,403],"differences":[126],"related":[130],"type":[133],"crust":[135],"which":[137,239],"magmas":[138],"were":[139],"generated.":[140],"With":[141],"increasingly":[142],"sialic":[143],"(continental":[144],"type)":[145],"crust,":[146],"show":[149],"overall":[150],"enrichment":[151,207],"F,":[153],"Be,":[154],"Li,":[155],"Mo,":[156],"Nb,":[157],"Rb,":[158],"Sn,":[159],"Ta,":[160],"U,":[161],"W,":[162],"Zn,":[163],"rare-earth":[166,200],"elements,":[167],"depletion":[169],"Mg,":[171,350],"Ca,":[172],"Ba,":[173,352],"Co,":[174],"Sc,":[175],"Sr,":[176],"Zr.":[178],"They":[179],"become":[180],"more":[181],"potassic,":[182],"have":[183,347],"higher":[184],"Fe/Mg":[185],"F/Cl":[187],"ratios,":[188,367],"lower":[190],"Zr/Hf,":[191],"Nb/Ta,":[192],"Th/U":[194],"ratios.":[195,372],"Higher":[196],"values":[197],"total":[199],"elements":[201],"accompanied":[203],"light":[205],"rare-earth-element":[206,357],"pronounced":[209],"negative":[210],"Eu":[211,361],"anomalies.":[212],"An":[213],"attempt":[214],"link":[218],"obsidian":[219,478],"chemistry":[220],"genetic":[222,448,485],"mechanlism.":[223],"Two":[224],"broad":[225],"rocks":[228,265,303],"distinguished:":[230],"one":[231],"generated":[232],"where":[233],"crystal-liquid":[234,458],"processes":[235,299],"dominated":[236],"(CLPD":[237],"types),":[238],"products":[242],"crustal":[244],"anatexis,":[245],"possibly":[246,285],"under":[247],"conditions":[248],"low":[250,349,363],"halogen":[251],"fugacity,":[252],"\u00b1":[253,256],"crystal":[254,278],"fractionation":[255],"magma":[257,273,282,319,387,424],"mixing;":[258],"second":[261],"represented":[263],"formed":[266],"upper":[269],"parts":[270],"large":[272],"chambers":[274],"interplays":[276],"fractionation,":[279],"volatile":[280],"transfer,":[281],"mixing,":[283,388],"various":[286],"liquid-state":[287],"mechanisms,":[289],"or":[290],"other":[292],"words":[293],"complex":[295],"interaction":[296],"petrogenetic":[298],"(CIPP":[300],"types).":[301],"Such":[302],"may":[304],"also":[305,437],"form":[306],"volatile-fluxed":[308],"partial":[309],"melting":[310],"wallrocks,":[313],"mixing":[316],"into":[317],"reservoir.":[320],"Compositional":[321],"CLPD":[326,380],"CIPP":[328,346,382],"given.":[331],"It":[332],"shown":[334],"analogy":[336],"with":[337,359,455],"well-documented,":[338],"zoned":[339,464],"ash-flow":[340,462],"ruffs":[341],"fractionated":[344],"very":[348],"P,":[351],"Sr":[354],"contents,":[355],"flat":[356],"patterns":[358],"extensive":[360],"anomalies,":[362],"K/Rb":[364],"Zr/Nb":[366],"relatively":[369],"high":[370],"Na2O/K2O":[371],"There":[373],"is,":[374],"however,":[375],"considerable":[376],"overlap":[378],"obsidians.":[383],"effects":[385,443],"assimilation,":[389],"vapor-phase":[391],"transport":[392],"producing":[394],"briefly":[401],"assessed.":[402],"geochemistry":[404,479],"described":[411],"an":[413],"element-by-element":[414],"basis,":[415],"order":[417],"provide":[419],"database":[421],"will":[427],"hopefully":[428],"contribute":[429],"studies":[431],"granitic":[433],"rocks.":[434],"Attempts":[435],"isolate":[440],"geochemical":[442],"mechanism":[449],"element,":[452],"comparison":[454],"data":[456],"equilibria-controlled":[459],"systems,":[460],"sheets":[463],"CIPP,":[466],"mixed-magma":[469],"series.":[470],"A":[471],"final":[472],"tabulation":[473],"relates":[474],"complexities":[476],"all":[481],"variables.":[486]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}