{"id":"https://openalex.org/W86369324","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2741/3426","title":"The GS (genetic selection) Principle","display_name":"The GS (genetic selection) Principle","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W86369324","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2741/3426","mag":"86369324","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19273248"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2741/3426","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2741/3426","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2741/3426","pdf_url":"https://www.imrpress.com/journal/FBL/14/8/10.2741/3426/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185455647","display_name":"Frontiers in bioscience","issn_l":"1093-4715","issn":["1093-4715","1093-9946","1094-3935"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-70"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320848","host_organization_name":"Frontiers in Bioscience","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320848"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers in Bioscience"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Bioscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.imrpress.com/journal/FBL/14/8/10.2741/3426/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111388035","display_name":"L. Abel David","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David, L. Abel","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Gene Emergence Project, The Origin-of-Life Science Foundation, Inc., 113 Hedgewood Dr. Greenbelt, MD 20770-1610 USA. life@us.net","The Gene Emergence Project, The Origin-of-Life Science Foundation, Inc., 113 Hedgewood Dr. Greenbelt, MD 20770-1610 USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Gene Emergence Project, The Origin-of-Life Science Foundation, Inc., 113 Hedgewood Dr. Greenbelt, MD 20770-1610 USA. life@us.net","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Gene Emergence Project, The Origin-of-Life Science Foundation, Inc., 113 Hedgewood Dr. Greenbelt, MD 20770-1610 USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111388035"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.68,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86466165,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"Volume","issue":"14","first_page":"2959","last_page":"2959"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10778","display_name":"Philosophy and History of Science","score":0.3815999925136566,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10778","display_name":"Philosophy and History of Science","score":0.3815999925136566,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11764","display_name":"Evolution and Genetic Dynamics","score":0.3594000041484833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10521","display_name":"RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms","score":0.12880000472068787,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nucleotide-selection","display_name":"nucleotide selection","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"genetic algorithm","score":0.5860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-selection","display_name":"natural selection","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epigenetics","display_name":"epigenetics","score":0.5680000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dna-methylation","display_name":"DNA methylation","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histone-proteins","display_name":"histone proteins","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microrna","display_name":"microRNA","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-logic-gates","display_name":"binary logic gates","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protein-folding","display_name":"protein folding","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-chaperones","display_name":"molecular chaperones","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimum-free-energy","display_name":"minimum free energy","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-coding","display_name":"genetic coding","score":0.3569999933242798}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.6380823850631714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.5888607501983643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75268714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43478","display_name":"Natural selection","level":3,"score":0.565876305103302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41091548","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26939","display_name":"Epigenetics","level":3,"score":0.4960721433162689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.49075207114219666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.47993236780166626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3969079554080963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.16490140557289124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.12929627299308777}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D005815","descriptor_name":"Genetic Code","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012641","descriptor_name":"Selection, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2741/3426","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2741/3426","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2741/3426","pdf_url":"https://www.imrpress.com/journal/FBL/14/8/10.2741/3426/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185455647","display_name":"Frontiers in bioscience","issn_l":"1093-4715","issn":["1093-4715","1093-9946","1094-3935"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-70"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320848","host_organization_name":"Frontiers in Bioscience","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320848"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers in Bioscience"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Bioscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:19273248","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19273248","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Landmark edition)","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2741/3426","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2741/3426","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2741/3426","pdf_url":"https://www.imrpress.com/journal/FBL/14/8/10.2741/3426/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185455647","display_name":"Frontiers in bioscience","issn_l":"1093-4715","issn":["1093-4715","1093-9946","1094-3935"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-70"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320848","host_organization_name":"Frontiers in Bioscience","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320848"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers in Bioscience"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Bioscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W86369324.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W86369324.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":126,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W8456792","https://openalex.org/W22402376","https://openalex.org/W81561703","https://openalex.org/W197395986","https://openalex.org/W205993931","https://openalex.org/W233626561","https://openalex.org/W409838055","https://openalex.org/W561046157","https://openalex.org/W575712873","https://openalex.org/W599769916","https://openalex.org/W608447327","https://openalex.org/W619162953","https://openalex.org/W997039986","https://openalex.org/W1412148232","https://openalex.org/W1487395029","https://openalex.org/W1490692872","https://openalex.org/W1501548007","https://openalex.org/W1510894488","https://openalex.org/W1527571715","https://openalex.org/W1540548043","https://openalex.org/W1547684800","https://openalex.org/W1548526721","https://openalex.org/W1560167896","https://openalex.org/W1561403150","https://openalex.org/W1601104039","https://openalex.org/W1752049518","https://openalex.org/W1834517274","https://openalex.org/W1882072473","https://openalex.org/W1955258401","https://openalex.org/W1964637595","https://openalex.org/W1964806086","https://openalex.org/W1965965461","https://openalex.org/W1969239195","https://openalex.org/W1977940795","https://openalex.org/W1982940961","https://openalex.org/W1983166119","https://openalex.org/W1983932571","https://openalex.org/W1984195518","https://openalex.org/W1991992370","https://openalex.org/W1992608351","https://openalex.org/W1994317721","https://openalex.org/W1995538509","https://openalex.org/W1997714925","https://openalex.org/W1997902284","https://openalex.org/W2001629557","https://openalex.org/W2002546166","https://openalex.org/W2004099840","https://openalex.org/W2004791359","https://openalex.org/W2006393043","https://openalex.org/W2007241838","https://openalex.org/W2011362026","https://openalex.org/W2012635669","https://openalex.org/W2013439217","https://openalex.org/W2013861147","https://openalex.org/W2016588572","https://openalex.org/W2017402504","https://openalex.org/W2019809635","https://openalex.org/W2020747551","https://openalex.org/W2021583109","https://openalex.org/W2023776298","https://openalex.org/W2028863460","https://openalex.org/W2029873987","https://openalex.org/W2033952757","https://openalex.org/W2034372974","https://openalex.org/W2035833804","https://openalex.org/W2040843111","https://openalex.org/W2043151125","https://openalex.org/W2047078132","https://openalex.org/W2054282731","https://openalex.org/W2055118842","https://openalex.org/W2059557910","https://openalex.org/W2060253747","https://openalex.org/W2061384718","https://openalex.org/W2061934709","https://openalex.org/W2063040421","https://openalex.org/W2067848040","https://openalex.org/W2077426184","https://openalex.org/W2079058001","https://openalex.org/W2081380629","https://openalex.org/W2088930530","https://openalex.org/W2088944761","https://openalex.org/W2088969010","https://openalex.org/W2089000269","https://openalex.org/W2090266781","https://openalex.org/W2093979064","https://openalex.org/W2096883982","https://openalex.org/W2101002265","https://openalex.org/W2105632084","https://openalex.org/W2108421490","https://openalex.org/W2108704847","https://openalex.org/W2111527303","https://openalex.org/W2122439022","https://openalex.org/W2122750640","https://openalex.org/W2126160338","https://openalex.org/W2126669894","https://openalex.org/W2127170971","https://openalex.org/W2129069833","https://openalex.org/W2131297748","https://openalex.org/W2141780283","https://openalex.org/W2145024737","https://openalex.org/W2145198797","https://openalex.org/W2154100003","https://openalex.org/W2156197837","https://openalex.org/W2157523980","https://openalex.org/W2157703163","https://openalex.org/W2160856319","https://openalex.org/W2165355644","https://openalex.org/W2169534824","https://openalex.org/W2284502292","https://openalex.org/W2312273079","https://openalex.org/W2312801052","https://openalex.org/W2316541882","https://openalex.org/W2325036902","https://openalex.org/W2380283789","https://openalex.org/W2490343915","https://openalex.org/W2499524267","https://openalex.org/W2953845886","https://openalex.org/W3104060308","https://openalex.org/W4231618830","https://openalex.org/W4236232937","https://openalex.org/W4236463097","https://openalex.org/W4239453361","https://openalex.org/W4247886769","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4300497772","https://openalex.org/W4302353752"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7204809313","https://openalex.org/W2364221149","https://openalex.org/W2559140448","https://openalex.org/W2998112183","https://openalex.org/W1968169618","https://openalex.org/W6981984356","https://openalex.org/W2402511873","https://openalex.org/W4408104047","https://openalex.org/W2618122544","https://openalex.org/W7166012572"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,114,149],"GS":[1,150],"(Genetic":[2],"Selection)":[3],"Principle":[4,151],"states":[5],"that":[6],"biological":[7],"selection":[8,73,100,153,160,165],"must":[9],"occur":[10],"at":[11,85,166],"the":[12,86,93,106,134,139,143],"nucleotide-sequencing":[13],"molecular-genetic":[14],"level":[15,87],"of":[16,26,74,88,95,101,108,116,137,147,154],"3'5'":[17],"phosphodiester":[18],"bond":[19],"formation.":[20],"After-the-fact":[21],"differential":[22],"survival":[23],"and":[24,38,49,60,123,142,171],"reproduction":[25],"already-living":[27],"phenotypic":[28],"organisms":[29],"(ordinary":[30],"natural":[31],"selection)":[32,158],"does":[33],"not":[34],"explain":[35],"polynucleotide":[36],"prescription":[37],"coding.":[39],"All":[40],"life":[41],"depends":[42],"upon":[43],"literal":[44],"genetic":[45],"algorithms.":[46],"Even":[47],"epigenetic":[48],"\"genomic\"":[50],"factors":[51],"such":[52],"as":[53],"regulation":[54],"by":[55,65,133],"DNA":[56],"methylation,":[57],"histone":[58],"proteins":[59],"microRNAs":[61],"are":[62,131],"ultimately":[63],"instructed":[64],"prior":[66,91],"linear":[67],"digital":[68],"programming.":[69],"Biological":[70],"control":[71],"requires":[72],"particular":[75],"configurable":[76,172],"switch-settings":[77],"to":[78,92,105],"achieve":[79],"potential":[80,162],"function.":[81],"This":[82],"occurs":[83],"largely":[84],"nucleotide":[89,103],"selection,":[90],"realization":[94],"any":[96],"integrated":[97],"biofunction.":[98],"Each":[99],"a":[102],"corresponds":[104],"setting":[107,115],"two":[109],"formal":[110],"binary":[111],"logic":[112,169],"gates.":[113],"these":[117],"switches":[118],"only":[119],"later":[120],"determines":[121],"folding":[122],"binding":[124],"function":[125,156,163],"through":[126],"minimum-free-energy":[127],"sinks.":[128],"These":[129],"sinks":[130],"determined":[132],"primary":[135],"structure":[136],"both":[138],"protein":[140],"itself":[141],"independently":[144],"prescribed":[145],"sequencing":[146],"chaperones.":[148],"distinguishes":[152],"existing":[155],"(natural":[157],"from":[159],"for":[161],"(formal":[164],"decision":[167],"nodes,":[168],"gates":[170],"switch-settings).":[173]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}