{"id":"https://openalex.org/W857784614","doi":null,"title":"Against Natural Teleology and its Application in Ethical Theory","display_name":"Against Natural Teleology and its Application in Ethical Theory","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W857784614","mag":"857784614"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:etd.ohiolink.edu:bgsu1357563361","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1357563361","pdf_url":"http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1357563361","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196344","display_name":"OhioLink ETD Center (Ohio Library and Information Network)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210155183","host_organization_name":"Ohio Library and Information Network","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155183"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1357563361","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1357563361","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078518174","display_name":"Arthur Ward","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157417397","display_name":"Bowling Green State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ay7va13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157417397"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Arthur Ward","raw_affiliation_strings":["[Bowling Green State University]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Bowling Green State University]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157417397"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078518174"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157417397"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10297","display_name":"Philosophical Ethics and Theory","score":0.9653000235557556,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10297","display_name":"Philosophical Ethics and Theory","score":0.9653000235557556,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10778","display_name":"Philosophy of Biology and Scientific Explanation","score":0.03099999949336052,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14092","display_name":"Ethics, Aesthetics, and Art","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-teleology","display_name":"natural teleology","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neo-aristotelian-ethics","display_name":"neo-Aristotelian ethics","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normativity","display_name":"normativity","score":0.5680000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proper-function","display_name":"proper function","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malfunction","display_name":"malfunction","score":0.5569999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaethics","display_name":"metaethics","score":0.5450000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy-of-biology","display_name":"philosophy of biology","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normative-facts","display_name":"normative facts","score":0.46000000834465027}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80038905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192121","display_name":"Teleology","level":2,"score":0.8525744676589966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6627192497253418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.5309383869171143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95124753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875686","display_name":"Environmental ethics","level":1,"score":0.38941341638565063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.38801252841949463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.13737145066261292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:etd.ohiolink.edu:bgsu1357563361","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1357563361","pdf_url":"http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1357563361","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196344","display_name":"OhioLink ETD Center (Ohio Library and Information Network)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210155183","host_organization_name":"Ohio Library and Information Network","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155183"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1357563361","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.bgsu.edu:philosophy_diss-1024","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/philosophy_diss/25","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402596","display_name":"ScholarWorks@BGSU (Bowling Green State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I157417397","host_organization_name":"Bowling Green State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157417397"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Philosophy Ph.D. Dissertations","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:857784614","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hillgroupinc.com/lom/reports/POP_FAQ%20Update.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:etd.ohiolink.edu:bgsu1357563361","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1357563361","pdf_url":"http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1357563361","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196344","display_name":"OhioLink ETD Center (Ohio Library and Information Network)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210155183","host_organization_name":"Ohio Library and Information Network","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155183"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1357563361","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W857784614.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W857784614.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3608534","https://openalex.org/W14194589","https://openalex.org/W34726618","https://openalex.org/W139222725","https://openalex.org/W597001888","https://openalex.org/W643711113","https://openalex.org/W657818171","https://openalex.org/W1479699281","https://openalex.org/W1512237458","https://openalex.org/W1519225293","https://openalex.org/W1519997923","https://openalex.org/W1533682025","https://openalex.org/W1534346685","https://openalex.org/W1553985392","https://openalex.org/W1595387598","https://openalex.org/W1601565208","https://openalex.org/W1712215397","https://openalex.org/W1866526679","https://openalex.org/W1963661942","https://openalex.org/W1963880005","https://openalex.org/W1969317601","https://openalex.org/W1980580909","https://openalex.org/W1982807437","https://openalex.org/W1986068422","https://openalex.org/W1989745301","https://openalex.org/W1994184160","https://openalex.org/W1999626328","https://openalex.org/W2002710536","https://openalex.org/W2002874318","https://openalex.org/W2024704625","https://openalex.org/W2035347930","https://openalex.org/W2035976826","https://openalex.org/W2039948245","https://openalex.org/W2040644461","https://openalex.org/W2044608255","https://openalex.org/W2051080577","https://openalex.org/W2059924425","https://openalex.org/W2061620999","https://openalex.org/W2062400549","https://openalex.org/W2064855981","https://openalex.org/W2074397232","https://openalex.org/W2087709756","https://openalex.org/W2088636494","https://openalex.org/W2091906096","https://openalex.org/W2095157151","https://openalex.org/W2131856109","https://openalex.org/W2154899119","https://openalex.org/W2162190691","https://openalex.org/W2164598220","https://openalex.org/W2164773814","https://openalex.org/W2167644634","https://openalex.org/W2169788960","https://openalex.org/W2318173840","https://openalex.org/W2318656575","https://openalex.org/W2323151943","https://openalex.org/W2326475071","https://openalex.org/W3026519461","https://openalex.org/W3038830718","https://openalex.org/W3162335555"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7132908130","https://openalex.org/W2744608160","https://openalex.org/W4365142720","https://openalex.org/W4366270242","https://openalex.org/W2523545640","https://openalex.org/W6992419830","https://openalex.org/W2887477788","https://openalex.org/W3158326753","https://openalex.org/W7126377137","https://openalex.org/W2411060135"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Many":[0],"ethical":[1,75,84,107,330],"theories":[2,76,85,136,331],"depend":[3],"on":[4,79,93,138,334,350,427,477,498],"the":[5,16,39,65,94,110,116,120,154,157,164,200,235,243,255,280,364,390,474,502],"existence":[6],"of":[7,13,19,32,34,42,67,114,119,145,169,175,227,257,263,289,301,318,411,422,501,512],"natural":[8,70,139,192,210,216,319,327],"teleology":[9,68,177,211],"as":[10,130,220,347,437],"a":[11,30,61,142,179,196,205,252,258,270,276,285,291,409,509],"source":[12],"normativity.Natural":[14],"Teleology,":[15],"purposive":[17],"goal-directedness":[18],"non-conscious":[20],"biological":[21,55,478],"processes,":[22],"is":[23,101,178,188,195,239,254,287],"also":[24,401],"embraced":[25],"to":[26,69,153,191,215,240,282,314,376,402,439,453,462,468,480,487,505],"some":[27,261],"degree":[28],"by":[29],"majority":[31],"philosophers":[33],"biology":[35],"who":[36,340,358,381,405,449],"agree":[37],"that":[38,74,77,148,173,332,367,395],"teleological":[40],"concepts":[41,218],"purpose,":[43],"goal,":[44],"defect,":[45],"proper":[46,271,277,292,302,325],"function":[47],"and":[48,72,109,126,187,222,329,345,353,380,387,393,413,419,430,435,460,489,494,515],"malfunction":[49],"are":[50,337,421],"legitimate,":[51],"perhaps":[52],"necessary,":[53],"in":[54,102,106,112,242,260,306,445,455,520],"explanations.In":[56],"my":[57,88,355,398,403,446,470],"dissertation":[58],"I":[59,91,132,203,295,348,368],"provide":[60],"substantive":[62],"argument":[63,207],"against":[64],"reduction":[66],"facts":[71,186],"argue":[73,296],"rely":[78,333],"it":[80,149,194],"cannot":[81,212,311],"be":[82,87,213,241,269,312],"naturalistic.Several":[83],"could":[86,369],"target,":[89],"but":[90,162,294,385,517],"focus":[92],"most":[95],"overt":[96],"example:":[97],"neo-Aristotelian":[98],"ethics.The":[99],"project":[100],"two":[103],"sections,":[104],"one":[105],"theory":[108],"other":[111,491],"philosophy":[113],"biology.In":[115],"first":[117],"section":[118,202],"dissertation,":[121],"primarily":[122],"using":[123],"Philippa":[124],"Foot":[125],"Judith":[127],"Jarvis":[128],"Thomson":[129],"models,":[131],"illustrate":[133],"how":[134],"Neo-Aristotelian":[135],"rest":[137],"teleology.I":[140],"offer":[141],"metaethical":[143,321],"analysis":[144],"teleology,":[146,328],"arguing":[147],"does":[150,182,298],"not":[151,183,189,299],"belong":[152],"good":[155],"nor":[156,159],"right":[158],"mere":[160],"description,":[161],"rather":[163],"proper.I":[165],"call":[166],"this":[167,351,521],"category":[168],"concept":[170,308],"protonormativity.I":[171],"claim":[172],"protonormativity,":[174],"which":[176],"paradigmatic":[180],"example,":[181],"yield":[184],"normative":[185],"reducible":[190],"facts;":[193],"distinct":[197],"conceptual":[198],"category.In":[199],"second":[201],"give":[204],"novel":[206],"for":[208,229,234,279,304,432,442,465,483,495,508],"why":[209],"reduced":[214,313],"facts.Teleological":[217],"such":[219],"\"design\"":[221],"\"proper":[223,309],"function\"":[224],"imply":[225],"standards":[226],"correctness":[228],"phenotypic":[230],"outcome.They":[231],"entail":[232],"norms":[233],"way":[236],"an":[237],"item":[238,281],"end:":[244],"functional":[245],"or":[246,249],"malfunctional,":[247],"\"good\"":[248],"defective.However,":[250],"since":[251],"phenotype":[253,272],"result":[256],"genotype":[259],"set":[262,317],"environmental":[264],"conditions,":[265],"there":[266,274],"can":[267],"only":[268],"if":[273],"exists":[275],"environment":[278],"inhabit.Regarding":[283],"artifacts,":[284],"designer":[286],"capable":[288],"setting":[290],"environment,":[293],"science":[297],"admit":[300],"environments":[303],"organisms":[305],"nature.The":[307],"environment\"":[310],"iv":[315],"any":[316],"facts.Therefore":[320],"naturalists":[322],"must":[323],"abandon":[324],"phenotypes,":[326],"it.v":[335],"There":[336],"many":[338,391,415,428,490,499],"people":[339],"have":[341,396,425],"provided":[342],"valuable":[343],"support":[344,377],"guidance":[346],"worked":[349],"project.First":[352],"foremost":[354],"wife":[356],"Amy,":[357],"moved":[359],"with":[360,408,458],"me":[361,407,467,488],"halfway":[362],"across":[363],"country":[365],"so":[366],"enter":[370],"graduate":[371,447,492],"school,":[372],"earned":[373],"enough":[374],"money":[375],"our":[378],"family,":[379],"has":[382],"been":[383],"nothing":[384],"encouraging":[386],"understanding":[388],"through":[389],"ups":[392],"downs":[394],"accompanied":[397],"career":[399],"choice.Thanks":[400],"parents":[404],"endowed":[406],"love":[410],"learning,":[412],"whose":[414],"gifts,":[416],"both":[417],"tangible":[418],"intangible,":[420],"course":[423],"immeasurable.I":[424],"relied":[426],"friends":[429],"colleagues":[431],"professional":[433],"assistance":[434],"encouragement":[436],"well.Thanks":[438],"R.G":[440],"Frey":[441],"early":[443],"mentorship":[444],"career,":[448],"was":[450],"always":[451],"willing":[452],"engage":[454],"philosophical":[456],"combat":[457],"humor":[459],"patience.Thanks":[461],"Michael":[463],"Bradie":[464],"inspiring":[466],"widen":[469],"interests,":[471],"opening":[472],"up":[473],"bountiful":[475],"literature":[476],"function.Thanks":[479],"Christian":[481],"Coons":[482],"his":[484],"attentive":[485],"dedication":[486],"students,":[493],"detailed":[496],"comments":[497],"drafts":[500],"present":[503],"work.Thanks":[504],"John":[506],"Basl":[507],"great":[510],"deal":[511],"helpful":[513],"advice":[514],"last-minute,":[516],"thorough,":[518],"participation":[519],"project.":[522]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
