{"id":"https://openalex.org/W85327460","doi":null,"title":"Towards a procedural understanding of semantics","display_name":"Towards a procedural understanding of semantics","publication_year":1976,"publication_date":"1976-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W85327460","mag":"85327460"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:85327460","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=892124","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005685978","display_name":"Terry A. Winograd","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4435-7215","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4435-7215"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Terry Winograd","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4435-7215","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005685978"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":30.5959,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":92,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99299954,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10034","display_name":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10034","display_name":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12694","display_name":"Categorization, perception, and language","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10465","display_name":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/procedural-semantics","display_name":"procedural semantics","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics-pragmatics-distinction","display_name":"semantics-pragmatics distinction","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-linguistics","display_name":"computational linguistics","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/truth-conditional-semantics","display_name":"truth-conditional semantics","score":0.5889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistic-explanation","display_name":"linguistic explanation","score":0.7009999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"natural language processing","score":0.40700000524520874}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6857603788375854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.5290523767471313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.47013789415359497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11693617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181839","display_name":"Pragmatics","level":2,"score":0.4415711760520935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.33861875534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.32763808965682983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.26511073112487793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.20566534996032715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:85327460","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=892124","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.8100000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1992871189","https://openalex.org/W2005814556","https://openalex.org/W2012769648","https://openalex.org/W2014151618","https://openalex.org/W2014344082","https://openalex.org/W2045830397","https://openalex.org/W2060642394","https://openalex.org/W2069588696","https://openalex.org/W2080719027","https://openalex.org/W2094493170","https://openalex.org/W2133533044","https://openalex.org/W2157368609","https://openalex.org/W2175268987","https://openalex.org/W3214201242"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4231083678","https://openalex.org/W4252815141","https://openalex.org/W132122952","https://openalex.org/W7097567914","https://openalex.org/W2038070662","https://openalex.org/W2499981237","https://openalex.org/W7101163583","https://openalex.org/W1597192317","https://openalex.org/W2583087337","https://openalex.org/W2106921240"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,173],"term":[1,28],"procedural":[213,218],"semantics":[165],"has":[4,44,175],"been":[5,162],"used":[6],"in":[7,37,46,125,158],"a":[8,30,47,61,103,138,192,212,249,255],"variety":[9],"of":[10,40,49,63,79,87,105,117,140,194,232,238,243,254,296],"ways,":[11],"not":[12,16,60],"all":[13,17,39],"compatible,":[14],"and":[15,92,121,131,166,168,171,190,197,215,223,235],"comprehensible.":[18],"In":[19],"this":[20,143,283],"paper,":[21],"I":[22],"have":[23,161],"chosen":[24],"to":[25,29,136,258,266,272,277,302],"apply":[26],"the":[27,76,85,98,114,122,156,183,188,217,230,236,239,252],"broad":[31],"paradigm":[32,43,184,256],"for":[33,89],"studying":[34],"(and":[36],"fact,":[38],"linguistics).":[41],"This":[42,145,261],"developed":[45],"context":[48],"writing":[50],"computer":[51,64,126],"programs":[52,65,127],"which":[53,108,159,186,281,300],"use":[54,120],"natural":[55],"language,":[56],"but":[57],"it":[58,73,228,292],"is":[59,70,95,102,135,245,248,263],"theory":[62,141,234],"or":[66,149],"programming":[67],"techniques.":[68],"It":[69,94,179,200,287],"because":[72],"looks":[74],"at":[75,107,142,298],"underlying":[77],"structure":[78],"language":[80,90,119,198,299],"as":[81],"fundamentally":[82],"shaped":[83],"by":[84],"nature":[86,237,253],"processes":[88,116,124],"production":[91],"comprehension.":[93],"based":[96],"on":[97],"belief":[99],"that":[100],"there":[101,109],"level":[104],"explanation":[106],"are":[110],"significant":[111],"similarities":[112],"between":[113,164,169],"psychological":[115],"human":[118],"computational":[123],"we":[128],"can":[129],"construct":[130],"study.":[132],"Its":[133],"goal":[134],"develop":[137],"body":[139],"level.":[144],"approach":[146,219,284],"necessitates":[147],"abandoning":[148],"modifying":[150],"several":[151],"currently":[152],"accepted":[153],"doctrines,":[154],"including":[155],"way":[157],"distinctions":[160],"drawn":[163],"pragmatics":[167],"performance":[170],"competence.":[172],"paper":[174,262],"three":[176],"major":[177],"sections.":[178],"first":[180],"lays":[181],"out":[182],"assumptions":[185],"guide":[187],"enterprise,":[189],"elaborates":[191],"model":[193],"cognitive":[195],"processing":[196],"use.":[199],"then":[201],"illustrates":[202],"how":[203],"some":[204,294],"specific":[205],"semantic":[206],"problems":[207],"might":[208],"be":[209,259,267,289],"approached":[210],"from":[211],"perspective,":[214],"contrasts":[216],"with":[220],"formal":[221],"structural":[222],"truth":[224],"conditional":[225],"approaches.":[226],"Finally,":[227],"discusses":[229],"goals":[231],"linguistic":[233,240],"explanation.":[241],"Much":[242],"what":[244],"presented":[246],"here":[247],"speculation":[250],"about":[251],"yet":[257],"developed.":[260],"an":[264],"attempt":[265],"evocative":[268],"rather":[269,275],"than":[270,276],"definitive;":[271],"convey":[273],"intuitions":[274],"formulate":[278],"crucial":[279],"arguments":[280],"justify":[282],"over":[285],"others.":[286],"will":[288],"successful":[290],"if":[291],"suggests":[293],"ways":[295],"looking":[297],"lead":[301],"further":[303],"understanding.":[304]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}