{"id":"https://openalex.org/W85047175","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2348634","title":"Review of the Development of Multidimensional Scaling Methods","display_name":"Review of the Development of Multidimensional Scaling Methods","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W85047175","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2348634","mag":"85047175"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/2348634","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2348634","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2348634","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765066495","display_name":"Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series D (The Statistician)","issn_l":"0039-0526","issn":["0039-0526","1467-9884","2515-7884","2517-6153"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Statistician","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W85047175"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090009799","display_name":"Andrew Mead","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4909-8235","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4909-8235","https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8156-8002"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"A. Mead","raw_affiliation_strings":["Horticulture Research InternationalWellesbourneWarwickCV35 9EFUK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Horticulture Research InternationalWellesbourneWarwickCV35 9EFUK","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090009799"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3905,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":292,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80037488,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"1","first_page":"27","last_page":"27"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13141","display_name":"Statistical Methods and Applications","score":0.9442999958992004,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13141","display_name":"Statistical Methods and Applications","score":0.9442999958992004,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.01600000075995922,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12114","display_name":"Sensory Analysis and Statistical Methods","score":0.0024999999441206455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multidimensional-scaling","display_name":"multidimensional scaling","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric-scaling","display_name":"metric scaling","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dissimilarity-matrix","display_name":"dissimilarity matrix","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychophysics","display_name":"psychophysics","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensory-evaluation","display_name":"sensory evaluation","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dissimilarity-function","display_name":"dissimilarity function","score":0.7139999866485596}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91682802","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620538","display_name":"Multidimensional scaling","level":2,"score":0.5992050170898438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776542497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5266672","display_name":"Development (topology)","level":2,"score":0.5209202170372009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99844830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102441924","display_name":"Scaling","level":2,"score":0.47571876645088196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4375115633010864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.3242324888706207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2817710041999817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.11101314425468445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.06220409274101257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.04638296365737915}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/2348634","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2348634","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2348634","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765066495","display_name":"Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series D (The Statistician)","issn_l":"0039-0526","issn":["0039-0526","1467-9884","2515-7884","2517-6153"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Statistician","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320326","display_name":"University of Reading","ror":"https://ror.org/05v62cm79"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W35145869","https://openalex.org/W602985745","https://openalex.org/W1504154695","https://openalex.org/W1588295669","https://openalex.org/W1620680570","https://openalex.org/W1963830757","https://openalex.org/W1973192023","https://openalex.org/W1974851736","https://openalex.org/W1979317087","https://openalex.org/W1983960942","https://openalex.org/W1986929032","https://openalex.org/W1989718642","https://openalex.org/W1992460277","https://openalex.org/W1993436046","https://openalex.org/W1997153468","https://openalex.org/W1999597013","https://openalex.org/W2010590252","https://openalex.org/W2013479129","https://openalex.org/W2014040038","https://openalex.org/W2020502148","https://openalex.org/W2022631179","https://openalex.org/W2024971339","https://openalex.org/W2026396384","https://openalex.org/W2026463708","https://openalex.org/W2028184654","https://openalex.org/W2030125991","https://openalex.org/W2034224004","https://openalex.org/W2034825075","https://openalex.org/W2035753486","https://openalex.org/W2042320431","https://openalex.org/W2042672873","https://openalex.org/W2056930330","https://openalex.org/W2060312757","https://openalex.org/W2061629994","https://openalex.org/W2071896727","https://openalex.org/W2084088627","https://openalex.org/W2087196505","https://openalex.org/W2089046632","https://openalex.org/W2094194567","https://openalex.org/W2111885075","https://openalex.org/W2127604534","https://openalex.org/W2152825437","https://openalex.org/W2155199877","https://openalex.org/W2169371330","https://openalex.org/W2327799301","https://openalex.org/W2796378293"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4245980412","https://openalex.org/W2058409729","https://openalex.org/W2063661685","https://openalex.org/W2020629385","https://openalex.org/W1973192023","https://openalex.org/W1993436046","https://openalex.org/W7127088620","https://openalex.org/W1588295669","https://openalex.org/W3087985069","https://openalex.org/W4254572018"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multidimensional":[0],"scaling":[1,37,59,93,139],"methods":[2,18,42,60,94,140,229],"are":[3,61,110,117,175,210,215,238,263],"now":[4],"a":[5,65,81,133,158],"common":[6],"statistical":[7],"tool":[8],"in":[9,71,101,106,167,178,188],"psychophysics":[10,102],"and":[11,30,38,103,112,147,201,236],"sensory":[12,104],"analysis.":[13],"The":[14,51,88,173],"development":[15],"of":[16,25,53,67,83,119,135,170,208,224,234,254],"these":[17],"is":[19,48],"charted,":[20],"from":[21,74,157,217],"the":[22,39,77,108,113,168,186,189,195,206,225,267],"original":[23],"research":[24,90],"Torgerson":[26],"(metric":[27],"scaling),":[28],"Shepard":[29],"Kruskal":[31],"(non-metric":[32],"scaling)":[33],"through":[34],"individual":[35,130],"differences":[36],"maximum":[40],"likelihood":[41],"proposed":[43],"by":[44,98,128,132,240],"Ramsay.":[45],"1":[46],"Introduction-what":[47],"multidimensional":[49,58,92,138],"scaling?":[50],"set":[52,82],"procedures":[54],"referred":[55],"to":[56,144,165,265],"as":[57,125,154],"concerned":[62],"with":[63],"constructing":[64],"configuration":[66],"n":[68,84,226],"points,":[69],"usually":[70,176],"Euclidean":[72],"space,":[73],"information":[75],"about":[76],"pairwise":[78],"'distances'":[79],"among":[80],"objects":[85,109],"or":[86,123,131],"individuals.":[87],"initial":[89],"into":[91],"was":[95],"carried":[96],"out":[97],"scientists":[99],"working":[100],"analysis,":[105],"which":[107,257,262],"stimuli,":[111],"distances":[114],"between":[115,198],"them":[116],"assessments":[118,207],"either":[120,127],"their":[121],"similarity":[122,235],"dissimilarity":[124,209,237,255],"made":[126,212],"an":[129,179],"panel":[134],"judges.":[136],"Most":[137],"have":[141],"been":[142],"developed":[143],"analyse":[145],"dissimilarities,":[146],"so,":[148],"since":[149],"similarities":[150],"can":[151],"be":[152],"expressed":[153],"dissimilarities":[155,166,174],"subtracted":[156],"constant,":[159],"I":[160],"shall":[161],"generally":[162],"refer":[163],"only":[164],"remainder":[169],"this":[171],"review.":[172],"presented":[177],"(n":[180],"x":[181],"n)":[182],"lower":[183],"triangular":[184],"matrix,":[185],"entry":[187],"ith":[190],"row":[191],"andjth":[192],"column":[193],"being":[194],"dissimilarity,":[196],"dij,":[197],"object":[199],"i":[200],"objectj.":[202],"In":[203],"some":[204],"cases":[205],"not":[211],"directly,":[213],"but":[214],"obtained":[216],"observations":[218],"on":[219],"p":[220],"variables":[221],"for":[222,230],"each":[223],"objects.":[227],"Appropriate":[228],"calculating":[231],"such":[232],"measures":[233],"discussed":[239],"Chatfield":[241],"&":[242,248],"Collins":[243],"(1980),":[244],"section":[245],"10.2.":[246],"Jardine":[247],"Sibson":[249],"(1971)":[250],"defined":[251],"one":[252],"class":[253],"functions,":[256],"they":[258],"called":[259],"'dissimilarity":[260],"coefficients',":[261],"required":[264],"satisfy":[266],"following":[268],"conditions:":[269]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}