{"id":"https://openalex.org/W84304902","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1022189904602","title":"Personal Resources and the Social Distribution of Depression","display_name":"Personal Resources and the Social Distribution of Depression","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W84304902","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1022189904602","mag":"84304902","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10676543"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1023/a:1022189904602","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1022189904602","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1022189904602","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S145410213","display_name":"American Journal of Community Psychology","issn_l":"0091-0562","issn":["0091-0562","1573-2770"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Community Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103572530","display_name":"R. Jay Turner","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19700959","display_name":"Florida International University","ror":"https://ror.org/02gz6gg07","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Jay Turner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Florida International University U. S. A>","R. Jay Turner, Ph.D., School of Policy and Management, College of Urban and Public Affairs, Florida International University, 33199 Miami, Florida"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Florida International University U. S. A>","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"R. Jay Turner, Ph.D., School of Policy and Management, College of Urban and Public Affairs, Florida International University, 33199 Miami, Florida","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080943130","display_name":"Donald A. Lloyd","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19700959","display_name":"Florida International University","ror":"https://ror.org/02gz6gg07","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Donald A. Lloyd","raw_affiliation_strings":["Florida International University U. S. A>"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Florida International University U. S. A>","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085570298","display_name":"Patricia Roszell","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patricia Roszell","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Corporation, U. S. A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Corporation, U. S. A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3620,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3620},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.9365,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":112,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94192697,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"5","first_page":"643","last_page":"672"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10235","display_name":"Health disparities and outcomes","score":0.8192999958992004,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10235","display_name":"Health disparities and outcomes","score":0.8192999958992004,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10272","display_name":"Mental Health Treatment and Access","score":0.09640000015497208,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11761","display_name":"Resilience and Mental Health","score":0.03620000183582306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depression","display_name":"depression","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personal-resources","display_name":"personal resources","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mastery","display_name":"mastery","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-esteem","display_name":"self-esteem","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-status","display_name":"socioeconomic status","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-differences","display_name":"gender differences","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marital-status","display_name":"marital status","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-differences","display_name":"age differences","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/major-depressive-disorder","display_name":"major depressive disorder","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depressive-symptoms","display_name":"depressive symptoms","score":0.7760000228881836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7735826969146729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.7701005935668945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781354955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11920938","display_name":"Marital status","level":3,"score":0.6298946738243103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155164915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1403186","display_name":"Health psychology","level":3,"score":0.5578020215034485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778087770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297111","display_name":"Social support","level":2,"score":0.543513298034668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776867660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1814941","display_name":"Depression (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5271298885345459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.49015554785728455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019858935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4340209","display_name":"Depressive symptoms","level":3,"score":0.48181217908859253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.3736010789871216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3474605679512024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.28077563643455505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.2676047384738922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.15360021591186523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.13002744317054749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.09950491786003113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.08607539534568787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.07739821076393127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000367","descriptor_name":"Age Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002170","descriptor_name":"Canada","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003863","descriptor_name":"Depression","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003863","descriptor_name":"Depression","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003866","descriptor_name":"Depressive Disorder","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003866","descriptor_name":"Depressive Disorder","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008603","descriptor_name":"Mental Health","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011795","descriptor_name":"Surveys and Questionnaires","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012494","descriptor_name":"Sampling Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012649","descriptor_name":"Self Concept","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012737","descriptor_name":"Sex Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012959","descriptor_name":"Socioeconomic Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014504","descriptor_name":"Urban Health","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017533","descriptor_name":"Marital Status","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020377","descriptor_name":"Self Efficacy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1023/a:1022189904602","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1022189904602","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1022189904602","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S145410213","display_name":"American Journal of Community Psychology","issn_l":"0091-0562","issn":["0091-0562","1573-2770"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Community Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:10676543","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10676543","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American journal of community psychology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.766700029373169,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"score":0.7578999996185303,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":122,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W65154250","https://openalex.org/W163606148","https://openalex.org/W577911706","https://openalex.org/W594789595","https://openalex.org/W1512664624","https://openalex.org/W1537696910","https://openalex.org/W1550280742","https://openalex.org/W1561644443","https://openalex.org/W1585013689","https://openalex.org/W1688665280","https://openalex.org/W1733843097","https://openalex.org/W1897411453","https://openalex.org/W1963519758","https://openalex.org/W1964417192","https://openalex.org/W1967298093","https://openalex.org/W1971440513","https://openalex.org/W1976247888","https://openalex.org/W1976958654","https://openalex.org/W1981615780","https://openalex.org/W1982512610","https://openalex.org/W1983801492","https://openalex.org/W1985182137","https://openalex.org/W1987777781","https://openalex.org/W1991069325","https://openalex.org/W1995008066","https://openalex.org/W1996906380","https://openalex.org/W2004784449","https://openalex.org/W2005426352","https://openalex.org/W2005852036","https://openalex.org/W2013553565","https://openalex.org/W2015018785","https://openalex.org/W2018076297","https://openalex.org/W2018156214","https://openalex.org/W2019408148","https://openalex.org/W2019854994","https://openalex.org/W2020060002","https://openalex.org/W2026856938","https://openalex.org/W2030102186","https://openalex.org/W2032602872","https://openalex.org/W2032982813","https://openalex.org/W2033753469","https://openalex.org/W2036243274","https://openalex.org/W2037608124","https://openalex.org/W2039843290","https://openalex.org/W2041602752","https://openalex.org/W2043513026","https://openalex.org/W2048089018","https://openalex.org/W2048591495","https://openalex.org/W2050381439","https://openalex.org/W2056527160","https://openalex.org/W2060781672","https://openalex.org/W2063249198","https://openalex.org/W2069011682","https://openalex.org/W2070053045","https://openalex.org/W2073717137","https://openalex.org/W2075670547","https://openalex.org/W2076192758","https://openalex.org/W2079126366","https://openalex.org/W2079713782","https://openalex.org/W2082343996","https://openalex.org/W2083900893","https://openalex.org/W2088231681","https://openalex.org/W2100826189","https://openalex.org/W2106212744","https://openalex.org/W2112778345","https://openalex.org/W2114334028","https://openalex.org/W2116592802","https://openalex.org/W2116791764","https://openalex.org/W2117124138","https://openalex.org/W2119089847","https://openalex.org/W2126285938","https://openalex.org/W2128006241","https://openalex.org/W2128562501","https://openalex.org/W2131667381","https://openalex.org/W2134049139","https://openalex.org/W2138202604","https://openalex.org/W2141206251","https://openalex.org/W2146064252","https://openalex.org/W2150202646","https://openalex.org/W2155648052","https://openalex.org/W2159306398","https://openalex.org/W2160475859","https://openalex.org/W2160795861","https://openalex.org/W2166207641","https://openalex.org/W2275231661","https://openalex.org/W2290958110","https://openalex.org/W2313638375","https://openalex.org/W2314483096","https://openalex.org/W2315580208","https://openalex.org/W2317781633","https://openalex.org/W2318208376","https://openalex.org/W2318655707","https://openalex.org/W2321180122","https://openalex.org/W2321192383","https://openalex.org/W2322338301","https://openalex.org/W2322377347","https://openalex.org/W2322446365","https://openalex.org/W2331303830","https://openalex.org/W2333886861","https://openalex.org/W2406237680","https://openalex.org/W2483179563","https://openalex.org/W2501609791","https://openalex.org/W2504189503","https://openalex.org/W2563513443","https://openalex.org/W2594645170","https://openalex.org/W2730623587","https://openalex.org/W2738372003","https://openalex.org/W2785688959","https://openalex.org/W2798764839","https://openalex.org/W3021970895","https://openalex.org/W3120234008","https://openalex.org/W3126534958","https://openalex.org/W3142014869","https://openalex.org/W4245198606","https://openalex.org/W4256623725","https://openalex.org/W4292480755","https://openalex.org/W4292808503","https://openalex.org/W4293179688","https://openalex.org/W4295845566","https://openalex.org/W4300723657","https://openalex.org/W4320995320","https://openalex.org/W7043180180"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1996139497","https://openalex.org/W2086771947","https://openalex.org/W2590564279","https://openalex.org/W2126285938","https://openalex.org/W3044149858","https://openalex.org/W2114444229","https://openalex.org/W6962545179","https://openalex.org/W7160425079","https://openalex.org/W2409865486","https://openalex.org/W2144936911"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"addresses":[2],"the":[3,21,26,40,72,103,119,129,135],"hypothesis":[4,74],"that":[5,36,39],"gender,":[6,89],"age,":[7],"marital":[8,78,157],"status,":[9,79],"and":[10,31,88,123,144],"SES":[11],"matter":[12],"for":[13,48,54,118,125],"depression":[14,49],"partly":[15],"because":[16],"of":[17,25,29,43,105,128,137],"associated":[18],"differences":[19,148],"in":[20,75,84,94,102,160],"availability":[22,73,104],"and/or":[23],"impact":[24],"personal":[27],"resources":[28,45],"mastery":[30,138],"self-esteem.":[32],"It":[33],"is":[34],"argued":[35],"findings":[37,68],"indicating":[38],"social":[41],"distributions":[42],"these":[44,106],"complement":[46],"those":[47],"would":[50],"provide":[51,80,110],"preliminary":[52],"support":[53,71,83,93],"this":[55],"hypothesis.":[56],"Based":[57],"on":[58],"a":[59,111],"large":[60],"urban":[61],"community":[62],"sample":[63],"(n":[64],"=":[65],"1,390),":[66],"our":[67],"fail":[69],"to":[70,77,86,96,152],"relation":[76,95],"only":[81],"modest":[82],"reference":[85],"age":[87],"but":[90],"yield":[91],"compelling":[92],"socioeconomic":[97],"status":[98,158],"(SES).":[99],"Indeed,":[100],"variations":[101,159],"resources,":[107],"especially":[108],"mastery,":[109],"largely,":[112],"if":[113],"not":[114,150],"entirely,":[115],"adequate":[116],"explanation":[117],"SES-depressive":[120],"symptoms":[121],"relationship":[122],"accounts":[124],"nearly":[126],"half":[127],"SES-Major":[130],"Depressive":[131],"Disorder":[132],"relationship.":[133],"Although":[134],"significance":[136],"was":[139],"more":[140],"pronounced":[141],"among":[142],"women":[143],"unmarried":[145],"persons,":[146],"such":[147],"did":[149],"contribute":[151],"understanding":[153],"observed":[154],"gender":[155],"or":[156],"depression.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}