{"id":"https://openalex.org/W83773792","doi":null,"title":"Measurement uncertainty arising from sampling: a guide to methods and approaches","display_name":"Measurement uncertainty arising from sampling: a guide to methods and approaches","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W83773792","mag":"83773792"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:83773792","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://srodev.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/16275/","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018878410","display_name":"Michael H. Ramsey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2209-3001","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2209-3001"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael H. Ramsey","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2209-3001","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048490138","display_name":"MH Ramsey","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"MH Ramsey","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035180994","display_name":"Slr Ellison","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Slr Ellison","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.9259,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":92,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96531341,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11890","display_name":"Scientific Measurement and Uncertainty Evaluation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11890","display_name":"Scientific Measurement and Uncertainty Evaluation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10180","display_name":"Analytical chemistry methods development","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11314","display_name":"Clinical Laboratory Practices and Quality Control","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measurement-uncertainty","display_name":"measurement uncertainty","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling-uncertainty","display_name":"sampling uncertainty","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling-theory","display_name":"sampling theory","score":0.4180000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uncertainty-estimation","display_name":"uncertainty estimation","score":0.5139999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling-heterogeneity","display_name":"sampling heterogeneity","score":0.5799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample-preparation","display_name":"sample preparation","score":0.4959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uncertainty-budget","display_name":"uncertainty budget","score":0.49900001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uncertainty-modeling","display_name":"uncertainty modeling","score":0.4009999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fitness-for-purpose","display_name":"fitness for purpose","score":0.7009999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-sampling","display_name":"environmental sampling","score":0.6299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-sampling","display_name":"food sampling","score":0.6209999918937683}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.7571573257446289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.6258792281150818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137209882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1403517","display_name":"Measurement uncertainty","level":2,"score":0.621412992477417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5254932045936584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5229828357696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.4845925569534302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177803969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29205","display_name":"Uncertainty analysis","level":2,"score":0.4702300727367401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32230216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7882499","display_name":"Uncertainty quantification","level":2,"score":0.4459705948829651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.41426002979278564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3606772720813751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3006788194179535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.18132099509239197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:83773792","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://srodev.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/16275/","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6983413810","https://openalex.org/W7030088195","https://openalex.org/W3021196484","https://openalex.org/W1987455770","https://openalex.org/W4392584567","https://openalex.org/W3019171530","https://openalex.org/W7048710373","https://openalex.org/W2790088778","https://openalex.org/W6967755692","https://openalex.org/W1910667443"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,330,497],"Guide":[1,84,458,498],"aims":[2,499],"to":[3,11,40,80,138,158,187,224,240,306,309,339,355,360,381,440,500,505],"describe":[4],"various":[5,156],"methods":[6,519],"that":[7,18,128,204,444],"can":[8,233,445,459],"be":[9,235,340,356,446,461,487,501],"used":[10,236],"estimate":[12,241],"the":[13,21,26,37,49,53,56,63,66,70,77,81,88,92,112,119,124,132,139,160,167,170,173,179,208,212,244,250,275,294,310,315,326,336,343,347,351,369,372,375,383,390,393,406,420,441,450,474],"uncertainty":[14,94,130,142,189,296,353,421,434,451,521],"of":[15,23,29,36,43,62,65,90,102,118,141,169,181,193,207,211,216,243,249,252,259,261,267,274,281,288,293,297,314,325,335,371,374,392,405,419,427,432,452,471,473,480,520],"measurement,":[16],"particularly":[17],"arising":[19],"from":[20,143,230,246,300,422],"processes":[22],"sampling":[24,71,144,152,174,185,231,316,384,423],"and":[25,104,122,126,153,176,219,279,285,287,400,464,478],"physical":[27],"preparation":[28],"samples.":[30],"It":[31,110],"takes":[32],"a":[33,96,201,247,265,301,414,457,488,502],"holistic":[34],"view":[35],"measurement":[38,97,114,298,328,377,453],"process":[39],"include":[41,272,368,382],"all":[42],"these":[44,262],"steps":[45],"as":[46,48,166],"well":[47],"analytical":[50],"process,":[51,115,378],"in":[52,60,69,75,95,131,172,178,222,237,358,438,493],"case":[54],"where":[55],"measurand":[57],"is":[58,317,321,387,408,413,435],"defined":[59],"term":[61],"value":[64],"analyte":[67,171],"concentration":[68],"target,":[72],"rather":[73,345],"than":[74,346],"just":[76],"sample":[78],"delivered":[79],"laboratory.":[82],"The":[83,147,197,291,312,429],"begins":[85],"by":[86,163,448],"explaining":[87],"importance":[89],"knowing":[91,449],"total":[93,295,327,352],"for":[98,108,363,397,416,490],"making":[99,214],"reliable":[100],"interpretation":[101],"measurements,":[103],"judging":[105],"their":[106],"fitness":[107,362],"purpose.":[109,364],"covers":[111],"whole":[113,376],"defining":[116],"each":[117,206,217,260],"component":[120,195,209],"steps,":[121],"describing":[123],"effects":[125,161],"errors":[127],"cause":[129],"final":[133],"measurement.":[134],"Two":[135],"main":[136],"approaches":[137],"estimation":[140,522],"are":[145,257,467],"described.":[146],"empirical":[148],"approach":[149,199,239,396],"uses":[150,200],"repeated":[151],"analysis,":[154,349],"under":[155],"conditions,":[157],"quantify":[159,188],"caused":[162],"factors":[164],"such":[165],"heterogeneity":[168],"target":[175],"variations":[177],"application":[180,269],"one":[182,402],"or":[183,410],"more":[184,454,481,494],"protocols,":[186],"(and":[190],"usually":[191],"some":[192,242,472],"its":[194],"parts).":[196],"modelling":[198],"predefined":[202],"model":[203],"identifies":[205],"parts":[210],"uncertainty,":[213],"estimates":[215,292],"component,":[218],"sums":[220],"them":[221],"order":[223,359],"make":[225],"an":[226,332],"overall":[227],"estimate.":[228],"Models":[229],"theory":[232],"sometimes":[234],"this":[238,506],"components":[245],"knowledge":[248],"characteristics":[251],"particulate":[253],"constituents.":[254],"Worked":[255],"examples":[256],"given":[258,388],"approaches,":[263],"across":[264],"range":[266,299],"different":[268],"areas.":[270],"These":[271],"investigations":[273],"environment":[276],"(of":[277],"soil":[278],"water),":[280],"food":[282],"(at":[283],"growing":[284],"processing)":[286],"animal":[289],"feed.":[290],"few":[302],"per":[303],"cent":[304],"up":[305],"84%":[307],"relative":[308],"measurand.":[311],"contribution":[313],"occasionally":[318],"small":[319],"but":[320,508],"often":[322,486],"dominant":[323],"(>90%":[324],"variance).":[329],"suggests":[331],"increased":[333],"proportion":[334],"expenditure":[337],"needs":[338,354,380],"aimed":[341],"at":[342],"sampling,":[344],"chemical":[348],"if":[350],"reduced":[357],"achieve":[361],"Management":[365],"issues":[366],"addressed":[367],"responsibility":[370],"quality":[373,425],"which":[379],"procedure.":[385],"Guidance":[386],"on":[389],"selection":[391],"most":[394],"appropriate":[395],"any":[398],"application,":[399],"whether":[401,411],"initial":[403],"validation":[404],"system":[407],"sufficient,":[409],"there":[412,466,484],"need":[415,489],"ongoing":[417],"monitoring":[418],"using":[424],"control":[426],"sampling.":[428],"extra":[430],"cost":[431,442],"estimating":[433],"also":[436,513],"considered":[437],"relation":[439],"savings":[443],"made":[447],"reliably.":[455],"Such":[456],"never":[460],"fully":[462],"comprehensive,":[463],"although":[465],"appendices":[468],"with":[469],"details":[470],"statistical":[475],"techniques":[476],"employed":[477],"sources":[479],"detailed":[482],"advice,":[483],"will":[485,512],"expert":[491],"advice":[492],"complex":[495],"situations.":[496],"useful":[503],"introduction":[504],"subject,":[507],"we":[509],"hope":[510],"it":[511],"stimulate":[514],"further":[515],"research":[516],"into":[517],"improved":[518]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}