{"id":"https://openalex.org/W8351681","doi":null,"title":"Labor Discipline in the informal economy: the semi-formal professional code of Istanbul's apparel urban factory","display_name":"Labor Discipline in the informal economy: the semi-formal professional code of Istanbul's apparel urban factory","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W8351681","mag":"8351681"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:8351681","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=3616881","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764740068","display_name":"Berkeley journal of sociology","issn_l":"0067-5830","issn":["0067-5830"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319847","host_organization_name":"Routledge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319847","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Routledge","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Berkeley journal of sociology","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080592381","display_name":"Erdem Y\u00f6r\u00fck","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4882-0812","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4882-0812"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Erdem Y\u00f6r\u00fck","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4882-0812","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080592381"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00216481,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":"53","first_page":"27","last_page":"61"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12490","display_name":"Software Engineering and Design Patterns","score":0.7484999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3303","display_name":"Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12490","display_name":"Software Engineering and Design Patterns","score":0.7484999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3303","display_name":"Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11552","display_name":"Global trade, sustainability, and social impact","score":0.13379999995231628,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13911","display_name":"Employment, Labor, and Gender Studies","score":0.03889999911189079,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work-discipline","display_name":"work discipline","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/informal-economy","display_name":"informal economy","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-factories","display_name":"urban factories","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labor-regulation","display_name":"labor regulation","score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/working-hours","display_name":"working hours","score":0.6259999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overtime-pay","display_name":"overtime pay","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multinational-corporations","display_name":"multinational corporations","score":0.550000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skilled-workers","display_name":"skilled workers","score":0.5400000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labor-exploitation","display_name":"labor exploitation","score":0.550000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/informal-workers","display_name":"informal workers","score":0.6439999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/istanbul","display_name":"Istanbul","score":0.7940000295639038}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778069335","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32098","display_name":"Sanctions","level":2,"score":0.6646409034729004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64089585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944235","display_name":"Informal sector","level":2,"score":0.6026011109352112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780407378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q667022","display_name":"Overtime","level":2,"score":0.5800266265869141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5323092937469482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778716609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186228","display_name":"Minimum wage","level":2,"score":0.5141115784645081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40149104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5620977","display_name":"Factory (object-oriented programming)","level":2,"score":0.5092979669570923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5017027854919434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.4964008927345276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776014549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3050847","display_name":"Consolidation (business)","level":2,"score":0.463650107383728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778069772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2119819","display_name":"Code of conduct","level":2,"score":0.4425252079963684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.4250611662864685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.3434882164001465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.27886608242988586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.270952045917511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2534865140914917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.1711910367012024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.16213256120681763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.14166784286499023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.10179206728935242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:8351681","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=3616881","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764740068","display_name":"Berkeley journal of sociology","issn_l":"0067-5830","issn":["0067-5830"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319847","host_organization_name":"Routledge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319847","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Routledge","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Berkeley journal of sociology","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":1.0,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7297000288963318,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.7200000286102295,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W198026227","https://openalex.org/W1533846473","https://openalex.org/W1540325955","https://openalex.org/W1541949981","https://openalex.org/W1984162327","https://openalex.org/W1996651532","https://openalex.org/W1996879967","https://openalex.org/W2047422145","https://openalex.org/W2048120510","https://openalex.org/W2080419438","https://openalex.org/W2082695308","https://openalex.org/W2087888761","https://openalex.org/W2103712971","https://openalex.org/W2131511209","https://openalex.org/W2166184809","https://openalex.org/W2265536243","https://openalex.org/W2292630341","https://openalex.org/W2323236851","https://openalex.org/W2797733487","https://openalex.org/W3022305890"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2892836952","https://openalex.org/W1531294927","https://openalex.org/W4381884617","https://openalex.org/W1970011294","https://openalex.org/W7014914830","https://openalex.org/W3124728591","https://openalex.org/W7019863129","https://openalex.org/W4233169862","https://openalex.org/W3042830252","https://openalex.org/W2121452131"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"All":[0],"informal":[1,103,203],"apparel":[2],"workshops":[3,196],"in":[4,114],"Istanbul":[5],"share":[6],"a":[7,61,88,110,140,168,201,209],"well":[8,25,41,129],"defined":[9,26,49],"labor":[10,92,112,144,152],"regulation":[11],"system":[12,108,137,177],"the":[13,106,118,135,148,173,182,206],"semi-formal":[14],"professional":[15],"code.":[16],"It":[17],"regulates":[18,155],"working":[19,36],"hours":[20,37],"and":[21,28,38,45,50,54,121,153,170,192],"overtime":[22],"payments":[23],"with":[24,197],"rules":[27],"norms.":[29],"Through":[30],"this":[31,64,76,78,163],"code,":[32],"many":[33],"rights":[34],"concerning":[35],"wages,":[39],"as":[40,42,128,130,167,205],"various":[43],"responsibilities":[44],"sanctions,":[46],"are":[47,85],"clearly":[48],"recognized":[51],"by":[52,95],"workers":[53,204],"employers":[55],"of":[56,125,143,151,172,175,187,195,208],"workshops.":[57,104,158],"However,":[58],"it":[59],"is":[60],"puzzle":[62],"that":[63,146,162],"code":[65,164],"has":[66],"emerged":[67],"without":[68],"any":[69],"government":[70],"regulation.":[71],"In":[72],"order":[73,115],"to":[74,116],"resolve":[75],"puzzle,":[77],"article":[79,160],"presents":[80],"three":[81],"related":[82],"explanations,":[83],"which":[84,189],"drawn":[86],"from":[87],"detailed":[89],"ethnography.":[90],"First,":[91],"regulations":[93],"imposed":[94],"multi-national":[96],"corporations":[97],"on":[98,139],"formal":[99],"firms":[100],"diffuse":[101],"into":[102,178],"Second,":[105],"workshop":[107,136,176],"requires":[109],"disciplined":[111],"force":[113],"face":[117],"rising":[119,131],"marketplace":[120],"workplace":[122],"bargaining":[123],"power":[124],"skilled":[126],"workers,":[127],"global":[132],"competition.":[133],"Third,":[134],"depends":[138],"minimum":[141],"level":[142],"standards":[145],"blocks":[147],"unlimited":[149],"exploitation":[150],"thus":[154],"competition":[156],"among":[157],"This":[159],"suggests":[161],"be":[165],"seen":[166],"component":[169],"indicator":[171],"consolidation":[174],"what":[179],"I":[180],"call":[181],"Urban":[183],"Factory;":[184],"an":[185],"organization":[186],"production":[188],"unites,":[190],"organizes":[191],"controls":[193],"thousands":[194],"more":[198],"than":[199],"half":[200],"million":[202],"units":[207],"single":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-15T07:11:24.734988","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}