{"id":"https://openalex.org/W83171209","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-803-0_26","title":"Chocolate and Cancer Prevention?","display_name":"Chocolate and Cancer Prevention?","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-06-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W83171209","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-803-0_26","mag":"83171209"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-1-61779-803-0_26","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-803-0_26","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-803-0_26","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463399","display_name":"Humana Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315801","host_organization_name":"Humana Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315801","https://openalex.org/P4310319900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Humana Press","Springer Science+Business Media"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Chocolate in Health and Nutrition","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2500094049","display_name":"Chocolate in Health and Nutrition"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022456575","display_name":"Gertraud Maskarinec","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8129-958X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8129-958X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4390039246","display_name":"University of Hawaii Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00kt3nk56","country_code":null,"type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4390039246"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gertraud Maskarinec","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4390039246"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022456575"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4390039246"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.02307692,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"355","last_page":"367"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10035","display_name":"Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities","score":0.9355000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2704","display_name":"Biochemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10035","display_name":"Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities","score":0.9355000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2704","display_name":"Biochemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12349","display_name":"Food Chemistry and Fat Analysis","score":0.05480000004172325,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10866","display_name":"Nutritional Studies and Diet","score":0.00570000009611249,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theobroma-cacao","display_name":"Theobroma cacao","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chocolate","display_name":"chocolate","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flavan-3-ols","display_name":"flavan-3-ols","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/catechins","display_name":"catechins","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/procyanidins","display_name":"procyanidins","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer-prevention","display_name":"cancer prevention","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colorectal-cancer","display_name":"colorectal cancer","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxidative-stress","display_name":"oxidative stress","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-inflammation","display_name":"chronic inflammation","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gut-microbiota","display_name":"gut microbiota","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dietary-assessment","display_name":"dietary assessment","score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antioxidant-status","display_name":"antioxidant status","score":0.47600001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-proliferation","display_name":"cell proliferation","score":0.4449999928474426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.6107380390167236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.5904856324195862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526805850","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188874","display_name":"Colorectal cancer","level":3,"score":0.5509926676750183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910013192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277628","display_name":"Dark chocolate","level":2,"score":0.48455873131752014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018263421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80083","display_name":"Human studies","level":2,"score":0.4788644015789032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780234812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1787013","display_name":"Cancer prevention","level":3,"score":0.46827173233032227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778004101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133948","display_name":"Antioxidant","level":2,"score":0.4656354486942291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4631350338459015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898814","display_name":"Oxidative stress","level":2,"score":0.45091870427131653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992704333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5382717","display_name":"Cancer incidence","level":3,"score":0.41431254148483276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779431889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415007","display_name":"Catechin","level":4,"score":0.4127485752105713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3730102777481079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42407357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q521","display_name":"Physiology","level":1,"score":0.3207203149795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70899900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q290439","display_name":"Polyphenol","level":3,"score":0.2935692369937897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.16049104928970337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.1493847668170929}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-1-61779-803-0_26","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-803-0_26","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-803-0_26","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463399","display_name":"Humana Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315801","host_organization_name":"Humana Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315801","https://openalex.org/P4310319900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Humana Press","Springer Science+Business Media"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Chocolate in Health and Nutrition","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.6700000166893005}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":119,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W185641292","https://openalex.org/W1500273946","https://openalex.org/W1520923958","https://openalex.org/W1522923500","https://openalex.org/W1759600346","https://openalex.org/W1831679030","https://openalex.org/W1853889911","https://openalex.org/W1865530734","https://openalex.org/W1891638778","https://openalex.org/W1894977589","https://openalex.org/W1934048936","https://openalex.org/W1941212068","https://openalex.org/W1947896842","https://openalex.org/W1951699467","https://openalex.org/W1957107195","https://openalex.org/W1964861389","https://openalex.org/W1965037168","https://openalex.org/W1966333248","https://openalex.org/W1970420593","https://openalex.org/W1971005475","https://openalex.org/W1974129461","https://openalex.org/W1975450521","https://openalex.org/W1976070096","https://openalex.org/W1977340185","https://openalex.org/W1977634112","https://openalex.org/W1986067341","https://openalex.org/W1990994523","https://openalex.org/W1997516535","https://openalex.org/W2000144455","https://openalex.org/W2001641852","https://openalex.org/W2001692595","https://openalex.org/W2002671827","https://openalex.org/W2009429426","https://openalex.org/W2013589895","https://openalex.org/W2014196070","https://openalex.org/W2014211626","https://openalex.org/W2033485264","https://openalex.org/W2036603007","https://openalex.org/W2036948472","https://openalex.org/W2038674919","https://openalex.org/W2043444492","https://openalex.org/W2043813949","https://openalex.org/W2048204372","https://openalex.org/W2049138756","https://openalex.org/W2056898301","https://openalex.org/W2057085338","https://openalex.org/W2058681728","https://openalex.org/W2060577711","https://openalex.org/W2061627772","https://openalex.org/W2062868388","https://openalex.org/W2064189152","https://openalex.org/W2064308541","https://openalex.org/W2065552100","https://openalex.org/W2066469520","https://openalex.org/W2066980628","https://openalex.org/W2076074484","https://openalex.org/W2076876238","https://openalex.org/W2079414582","https://openalex.org/W2081543425","https://openalex.org/W2087816632","https://openalex.org/W2088623150","https://openalex.org/W2090121979","https://openalex.org/W2090845511","https://openalex.org/W2091047906","https://openalex.org/W2093945309","https://openalex.org/W2093984163","https://openalex.org/W2094748099","https://openalex.org/W2094819047","https://openalex.org/W2097766275","https://openalex.org/W2098658447","https://openalex.org/W2099566272","https://openalex.org/W2103142892","https://openalex.org/W2103697795","https://openalex.org/W2104657191","https://openalex.org/W2105234557","https://openalex.org/W2108025709","https://openalex.org/W2108659456","https://openalex.org/W2110674814","https://openalex.org/W2111413139","https://openalex.org/W2111830496","https://openalex.org/W2115292834","https://openalex.org/W2115638437","https://openalex.org/W2116554142","https://openalex.org/W2118209900","https://openalex.org/W2118416010","https://openalex.org/W2118447955","https://openalex.org/W2118593152","https://openalex.org/W2119331100","https://openalex.org/W2119440772","https://openalex.org/W2127351732","https://openalex.org/W2128380182","https://openalex.org/W2129133439","https://openalex.org/W2131186249","https://openalex.org/W2131700370","https://openalex.org/W2135657957","https://openalex.org/W2137091088","https://openalex.org/W2141461993","https://openalex.org/W2141727719","https://openalex.org/W2141748708","https://openalex.org/W2144675115","https://openalex.org/W2144741374","https://openalex.org/W2145562618","https://openalex.org/W2146747271","https://openalex.org/W2146748018","https://openalex.org/W2146789357","https://openalex.org/W2149030839","https://openalex.org/W2150080430","https://openalex.org/W2150326634","https://openalex.org/W2152142192","https://openalex.org/W2152252699","https://openalex.org/W2155418053","https://openalex.org/W2157760521","https://openalex.org/W2158944838","https://openalex.org/W2165037895","https://openalex.org/W2166483097","https://openalex.org/W2169349015","https://openalex.org/W2468031310","https://openalex.org/W2557070565","https://openalex.org/W4239489254"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3173714813","https://openalex.org/W655662517","https://openalex.org/W3043892729","https://openalex.org/W2419458522","https://openalex.org/W2373709399","https://openalex.org/W2625054729","https://openalex.org/W4389242226","https://openalex.org/W3031173122","https://openalex.org/W2411842975","https://openalex.org/W3102655077"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Given":[0],"the":[1,44,116,127,168],"many":[2,140],"ways":[3],"that":[4,30,166],"flavanols":[5,187],"interact":[6],"with":[7,39,206],"cells":[8],"and":[9,12,26,33,50,56,62,90,105,136,149,159,173,190,210],"tissues,":[10],"catechins":[11,61],"procyanidins":[13,63],"in":[14,23,64,75,83,102,142,203],"cocoa":[15,31,119,147,158,174,189],"products":[16,32,120,148,175,192],"may":[17,193],"contribute":[18],"to":[19,46,108,157,197],"cancer":[20,103,124,132],"prevention.\r\n\r\n\r\nExperimental":[21],"studies":[22,78,155,205],"cell":[24,54],"lines":[25],"animal":[27],"models":[28],"indicate":[29],"their":[34,150,199],"active":[35],"ingredients":[36],"influence":[37],"pathways":[38],"anticarcinogenic":[40],"properties.":[41],"They":[42],"have":[43,79],"ability":[45],"lower":[47],"oxidative":[48],"stress":[49],"chronic":[51],"inflammation,":[52],"inhibit":[53],"proliferation,":[55],"modify":[57],"gut":[58],"microbiota.\r\n\r\n\r\nDoses":[59],"of":[60,130,146,171,186,214],"experimental":[65],"settings":[66],"are":[67,182],"often":[68],"much":[69],"higher":[70],"than":[71],"can":[72],"be":[73,194],"achieved":[74],"humans.\r\n\r\n\r\nHuman":[76],"intervention":[77],"reported":[80],"favorable":[81],"changes":[82],"biomarkers":[84],"assessing":[85],"antioxidant":[86],"status,":[87],"inflammatory":[88],"markers,":[89],"intestinal":[91],"microbiota.\r\n\r\n\r\nThe":[92],"sparse":[93],"epidemiologic":[94,154],"literature":[95],"offers":[96],"weak":[97],"support":[98],"for":[99,118,217],"a":[100,211],"reduction":[101],"incidence":[104],"mortality":[106],"related":[107,156],"high":[109],"flavanol":[110,151],"intake":[111,145,185],"from":[112,188],"all":[113,131],"sources,":[114],"but":[115],"evidence":[117],"is":[121],"inconclusive.":[122],"Colorectal":[123],"has":[125],"received":[126],"most":[128],"attention":[129],"sites.\r\n\r\n\r\nDietary":[133],"assessment":[134,164],"methods":[135,165],"nutritional":[137,208],"databases":[138],"face":[139],"challenges":[141],"accurately":[143],"measuring":[144],"content.\r\n\r\n\r\nFor":[152],"future":[153],"chocolate":[160,172,191],"products,":[161],"valid":[162],"dietary":[163],"capture":[167],"large":[169],"variety":[170],"as":[176,178],"well":[177],"other":[179],"flavanol-containing":[180],"foods":[181],"needed.\r\n\r\n\r\nThe":[183],"relative":[184],"too":[195],"small":[196],"detect":[198],"distinct":[200],"cancer-protective":[201],"effect":[202],"population-based":[204],"diverse":[207],"habits":[209],"wide":[212],"range":[213],"risk":[215],"factors":[216],"cancer.":[218]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
