{"id":"https://openalex.org/W831665159","doi":null,"title":"Heavy metals in South African medicinal plants with refence to safety, efficacy and quality.","display_name":"Heavy metals in South African medicinal plants with refence to safety, efficacy and quality.","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W831665159","mag":"831665159"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:researchspace.ukzn.ac.za:10413/12216","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10413/12216","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10413/12216","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402416","display_name":"ResearchSpace (University of KwaZulu-Natal)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I95023434","host_organization_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10413/12216","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040914117","display_name":"Ambrose Okem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8590-8944","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8590-8944"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ambrose Okem","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8590-8944","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040914117"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13079","display_name":"Heavy Metals in Plants","score":0.9833999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13079","display_name":"Heavy Metals in Plants","score":0.9833999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10139","display_name":"Heavy metals in environment","score":0.012400000356137753,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10790","display_name":"Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heavy-metal-pollution","display_name":"heavy metal contamination","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicinal-plants","display_name":"medicinal plants","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arsenic","display_name":"arsenic","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mercury","display_name":"mercury","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cadmium","display_name":"cadmium","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aluminum","display_name":"aluminum","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lead","display_name":"lead","score":0.3440000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-contamination","display_name":"soil contamination","score":0.40700000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metal-accumulation-in-plants","display_name":"metal accumulation in plants","score":0.3440000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heavy-metal-tolerance","display_name":"heavy metal tolerance","score":0.5479999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypoxis-hemerocallidea","display_name":"Hypoxis hemerocallidea","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phenolic-and-flavonoid-content","display_name":"phenolic and flavonoid content","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antibacterial-activity","display_name":"antibacterial activity","score":0.996999979019165}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776053758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105789","display_name":"Heavy metals","level":2,"score":0.6633399724960327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4993107318878174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556039675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q771035","display_name":"Traditional medicine","level":1,"score":0.3970358073711395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.36640751361846924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3076620101928711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.1357557773590088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107872376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355","display_name":"Environmental chemistry","level":1,"score":0.11726388335227966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08776700496673584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:researchspace.ukzn.ac.za:10413/12216","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10413/12216","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10413/12216","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402416","display_name":"ResearchSpace (University of KwaZulu-Natal)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I95023434","host_organization_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"mag:831665159","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/xmlui/bitstream/10413/12216/1/Okem_Ambrose_2014.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:researchspace.ukzn.ac.za:10413/12216","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10413/12216","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10413/12216","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402416","display_name":"ResearchSpace (University of KwaZulu-Natal)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I95023434","host_organization_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8048999905586243,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W831665159.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W831665159.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":287,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1855493","https://openalex.org/W5575796","https://openalex.org/W10055358","https://openalex.org/W24289554","https://openalex.org/W26638474","https://openalex.org/W35667997","https://openalex.org/W45492326","https://openalex.org/W50204110","https://openalex.org/W58608846","https://openalex.org/W116253160","https://openalex.org/W130973466","https://openalex.org/W201804609","https://openalex.org/W307538459","https://openalex.org/W596428909","https://openalex.org/W601733968","https://openalex.org/W652213831","https://openalex.org/W862416801","https://openalex.org/W1209189896","https://openalex.org/W1261198562","https://openalex.org/W1496481404","https://openalex.org/W1498383246","https://openalex.org/W1514681737","https://openalex.org/W1549552139","https://openalex.org/W1580911053","https://openalex.org/W1589025569","https://openalex.org/W1603377201","https://openalex.org/W1607111757","https://openalex.org/W1607875992","https://openalex.org/W1734901513","https://openalex.org/W1750990940","https://openalex.org/W1771272753","https://openalex.org/W1825440882","https://openalex.org/W1833143984","https://openalex.org/W1870661321","https://openalex.org/W1900333706","https://openalex.org/W1908683182","https://openalex.org/W1913786064","https://openalex.org/W1917201219","https://openalex.org/W1964085156","https://openalex.org/W1964598896","https://openalex.org/W1964743241","https://openalex.org/W1965526629","https://openalex.org/W1965565026","https://openalex.org/W1965614137","https://openalex.org/W1965732556","https://openalex.org/W1965819495","https://openalex.org/W1966546646","https://openalex.org/W1968834637","https://openalex.org/W1969055780","https://openalex.org/W1969784672","https://openalex.org/W1969997820","https://openalex.org/W1970346188","https://openalex.org/W1971702133","https://openalex.org/W1971842724","https://openalex.org/W1971956931","https://openalex.org/W1972060131","https://openalex.org/W1972804462","https://openalex.org/W1973060568","https://openalex.org/W1974330899","https://openalex.org/W1974334289","https://openalex.org/W1974401079","https://openalex.org/W1974412051","https://openalex.org/W1979751993","https://openalex.org/W1980117616","https://openalex.org/W1980169355","https://openalex.org/W1982360391","https://openalex.org/W1983176088","https://openalex.org/W1985520015","https://openalex.org/W1985999620","https://openalex.org/W1986111308","https://openalex.org/W1986372132","https://openalex.org/W1986678582","https://openalex.org/W1988137901","https://openalex.org/W1989105653","https://openalex.org/W1990145078","https://openalex.org/W1990851514","https://openalex.org/W1990988407","https://openalex.org/W1993004608","https://openalex.org/W1994989143","https://openalex.org/W1995310235","https://openalex.org/W1995687462","https://openalex.org/W1996544089","https://openalex.org/W1997340331","https://openalex.org/W1997715504","https://openalex.org/W1998078043","https://openalex.org/W2000305210","https://openalex.org/W2001720059","https://openalex.org/W2001759019","https://openalex.org/W2002601603","https://openalex.org/W2003377380","https://openalex.org/W2003898105","https://openalex.org/W2003991715","https://openalex.org/W2004177901","https://openalex.org/W2004554470","https://openalex.org/W2004791126","https://openalex.org/W2004864130","https://openalex.org/W2005867102","https://openalex.org/W2006846061","https://openalex.org/W2008372508","https://openalex.org/W2010195440","https://openalex.org/W2012122516","https://openalex.org/W2012302404","https://openalex.org/W2012690486","https://openalex.org/W2014304395","https://openalex.org/W2015478661","https://openalex.org/W2015753278","https://openalex.org/W2015820031","https://openalex.org/W2015884448","https://openalex.org/W2015972182","https://openalex.org/W2016719565","https://openalex.org/W2018257811","https://openalex.org/W2018827575","https://openalex.org/W2018942878","https://openalex.org/W2019438362","https://openalex.org/W2019846281","https://openalex.org/W2021368674","https://openalex.org/W2023316445","https://openalex.org/W2024020163","https://openalex.org/W2024160325","https://openalex.org/W2024556021","https://openalex.org/W2025202362","https://openalex.org/W2025237222","https://openalex.org/W2028555848","https://openalex.org/W2030325441","https://openalex.org/W2031056632","https://openalex.org/W2031777721","https://openalex.org/W2032039586","https://openalex.org/W2032659849","https://openalex.org/W2032912899","https://openalex.org/W2033073943","https://openalex.org/W2033949014","https://openalex.org/W2033986667","https://openalex.org/W2035065955","https://openalex.org/W2035288061","https://openalex.org/W2035347935","https://openalex.org/W2036687985","https://openalex.org/W2036758093","https://openalex.org/W2036797854","https://openalex.org/W2037090842","https://openalex.org/W2037239086","https://openalex.org/W2038649060","https://openalex.org/W2040039971","https://openalex.org/W2040864153","https://openalex.org/W2040866314","https://openalex.org/W2043733949","https://openalex.org/W2043879405","https://openalex.org/W2044927880","https://openalex.org/W2045680339","https://openalex.org/W2045881105","https://openalex.org/W2046593879","https://openalex.org/W2047653679","https://openalex.org/W2048106985","https://openalex.org/W2048309867","https://openalex.org/W2049630668","https://openalex.org/W2050355488","https://openalex.org/W2052047591","https://openalex.org/W2052480614","https://openalex.org/W2054132805","https://openalex.org/W2055895117","https://openalex.org/W2057433097","https://openalex.org/W2060401864","https://openalex.org/W2060821708","https://openalex.org/W2061111312","https://openalex.org/W2061118009","https://openalex.org/W2061878647","https://openalex.org/W2062401032","https://openalex.org/W2062922960","https://openalex.org/W2063053789","https://openalex.org/W2063150059","https://openalex.org/W2063674973","https://openalex.org/W2064073882","https://openalex.org/W2067212730","https://openalex.org/W2067858166","https://openalex.org/W2069755398","https://openalex.org/W2070325769","https://openalex.org/W2070982703","https://openalex.org/W2072346354","https://openalex.org/W2072386896","https://openalex.org/W2072869081","https://openalex.org/W2073025921","https://openalex.org/W2073419984","https://openalex.org/W2073722432","https://openalex.org/W2074640209","https://openalex.org/W2075033706","https://openalex.org/W2076358165","https://openalex.org/W2078137151","https://openalex.org/W2081231125","https://openalex.org/W2082251525","https://openalex.org/W2082281715","https://openalex.org/W2084734068","https://openalex.org/W2085587146","https://openalex.org/W2086805094","https://openalex.org/W2089979538","https://openalex.org/W2090942708","https://openalex.org/W2092353237","https://openalex.org/W2093640580","https://openalex.org/W2094136280","https://openalex.org/W2095443440","https://openalex.org/W2096218833","https://openalex.org/W2096954157","https://openalex.org/W2099597420","https://openalex.org/W2099637545","https://openalex.org/W2100106724","https://openalex.org/W2104814737","https://openalex.org/W2105499684","https://openalex.org/W2106239345","https://openalex.org/W2106427300","https://openalex.org/W2107251857","https://openalex.org/W2107378822","https://openalex.org/W2108791511","https://openalex.org/W2109797027","https://openalex.org/W2111454360","https://openalex.org/W2120916503","https://openalex.org/W2122002346","https://openalex.org/W2123224169","https://openalex.org/W2123623035","https://openalex.org/W2124573293","https://openalex.org/W2126129273","https://openalex.org/W2126164548","https://openalex.org/W2126630551","https://openalex.org/W2127627541","https://openalex.org/W2128567246","https://openalex.org/W2130320123","https://openalex.org/W2132850575","https://openalex.org/W2132863338","https://openalex.org/W2134550935","https://openalex.org/W2136311892","https://openalex.org/W2136828105","https://openalex.org/W2142283539","https://openalex.org/W2147878025","https://openalex.org/W2147916997","https://openalex.org/W2149418621","https://openalex.org/W2151547125","https://openalex.org/W2152582923","https://openalex.org/W2154225103","https://openalex.org/W2154584979","https://openalex.org/W2155106075","https://openalex.org/W2155758352","https://openalex.org/W2155814952","https://openalex.org/W2155853588","https://openalex.org/W2158768978","https://openalex.org/W2163539844","https://openalex.org/W2163818566","https://openalex.org/W2164044927","https://openalex.org/W2164512472","https://openalex.org/W2165150390","https://openalex.org/W2165393528","https://openalex.org/W2165642297","https://openalex.org/W2166382447","https://openalex.org/W2167090638","https://openalex.org/W2167910198","https://openalex.org/W2167992901","https://openalex.org/W2168072921","https://openalex.org/W2168253316","https://openalex.org/W2174628274","https://openalex.org/W2183978797","https://openalex.org/W2187038052","https://openalex.org/W2187108935","https://openalex.org/W2187970381","https://openalex.org/W2223890016","https://openalex.org/W2270644206","https://openalex.org/W2278791972","https://openalex.org/W2291450227","https://openalex.org/W2294447572","https://openalex.org/W2296962950","https://openalex.org/W2323747163","https://openalex.org/W2331537509","https://openalex.org/W2401311654","https://openalex.org/W2406583014","https://openalex.org/W2413878303","https://openalex.org/W2439291444","https://openalex.org/W2441099467","https://openalex.org/W2476055269","https://openalex.org/W2521887693","https://openalex.org/W2593581863","https://openalex.org/W2603914194","https://openalex.org/W2752494921","https://openalex.org/W2753589425","https://openalex.org/W2764295448","https://openalex.org/W2776209174","https://openalex.org/W2776629405","https://openalex.org/W2884695071","https://openalex.org/W2893772818","https://openalex.org/W3012267796","https://openalex.org/W3035579699","https://openalex.org/W3135515206","https://openalex.org/W4294832400"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2084139097","https://openalex.org/W2086805094","https://openalex.org/W1991908583","https://openalex.org/W1560777170","https://openalex.org/W4381598399","https://openalex.org/W6892492296","https://openalex.org/W4392031509","https://openalex.org/W2400129815","https://openalex.org/W2322968345","https://openalex.org/W4407722216"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,170,461,586,639,802,924,1006,1262],"trend":[1],"in":[2,67,85,129,143,176,277,285,345,351,363,390,455,492,511,520,555,558,580,602,611,634,648,659,684,713,725,798,822,844,872,909,917,962,969,986,996,1034,1047,1067,1097,1115,1121,1132,1265,1278,1317],"commercialization":[3],"of":[4,12,63,81,137,145,150,161,173,178,196,229,281,301,311,329,374,405,439,446,464,478,484,495,504,515,528,553,566,590,607,621,641,661,669,687,735,746,758,774,782,789,814,834,848,867,886,912,927,935,959,977,1000,1009,1027,1070,1077,1125,1204,1215,1232,1242,1254,1274,1295,1307,1319],"medicinal":[5,13,29,68,91,97,132,181,230,286,330,593,963,978,1279,1297,1303],"plant":[6,69,302,313,316,393,436,459,600,637,979,1104,1280,1304],"products":[7,1244,1305],"reflects":[8],"the":[9,16,51,79,113,130,146,156,179,194,225,391,397,402,434,440,457,474,493,501,512,521,525,549,559,567,578,591,596,612,662,676,685,692,719,736,739,744,751,756,759,767,772,779,799,812,820,826,832,841,853,863,877,883,894,910,932,936,952,997,1021,1048,1052,1061,1068,1102,1117,1170,1179,1185,1202,1224,1240,1247,1250,1269,1288],"excessive":[10],"exploitation":[11],"plants":[14,30,92,133,182,231,287,331,594,665,843,964,1063,1120,1158,1168,1216,1255],"from":[15,34,94,241,1155,1312],"wild":[17],"populations.":[18],"Due":[19],"to":[20,45,77,192,246,272,293,323,338,396,424,428,433,577,584,690,697,701,718,819,840,876,947,966,971,1020,1060,1101,1149,1178,1217,1228],"widespread":[21],"soil":[22],"pollution,":[23],"there":[24,414,1107],"is":[25,183,237,1146],"a":[26,41,107,184,260,274,295,320,346,667,732,906,914,983,1031,1044,1065,1308],"likelihood":[27],"that":[28,224,572,1302],"could":[31,318,764],"be":[32,273,291,319],"harvested":[33],"heavy":[35,64,82,282,364,452,631,663,680,783,793,828,921,948,967,1039,1078,1118,1233,1258,1275],"metal-contaminated":[36],"soils":[37],"and":[38,58,99,112,140,148,152,165,187,205,217,220,227,288,315,327,340,356,359,369,376,382,408,476,480,487,551,588,609,614,643,703,722,743,750,771,787,837,850,857,865,870,889,975,1003,1085,1127,1163,1219,1252,1287,1292,1315],"thus":[39],"pose":[40],"potential":[42],"health":[43,185,195,618],"threat":[44],"consumers.":[46,197],"Unregulated":[47],"procurement":[48],"coupled":[49,119],"with":[50,134,257,304,450,482,537,629,1037,1184],"unhygienic":[52],"trading":[53],"environment,":[54],"poor":[55,1109,1208],"post-harvest":[56],"handling":[57],"processing,":[59],"represent":[60],"major":[61],"routes":[62],"metal":[65,83,174,265,283,365,453,632,681,784,794,829,922,949,1040,1079,1259,1276],"contamination":[66,84,128,284,1277],"products.":[70,980],"\\nA":[71],"comparative":[72],"screening":[73,280],"was":[74,126,244,415,533,544,575,651,656,929,982,1043,1108],"carried":[75],"out":[76],"assess":[78],"levels":[80,136,149,172,606,781,911,1076,1231],"some":[86,177],"frequently":[87],"used":[88,292],"South":[89],"African":[90],"obtained":[93,240],"out-door":[95],"traditional":[96,234,334,603,1284],"markets":[98,236,1286],"muthi":[100],"shops.":[101],"Plant":[102],"samples":[103,147,252,258,523],"were":[104,154,199,796,891],"digested":[105],"using":[106,117],"microwave-assisted":[108],"acid":[109],"digestion":[110],"system":[111],"elemental":[114,242],"content":[115],"determined":[116],"inductively":[118],"plasma":[120],"optical":[121],"emission":[122],"spectrophotometry":[123],"(ICP-OES).":[124],"There":[125,543,1042],"multi-elemental":[127],"investigated":[131,180,458,592,800],"elevated":[135,1230],"Fe,":[138],"Al":[139,341,377,409,425,481,529,574,610,644,704,747,851,1010,1220],"Mn":[141],"detected":[142],"most":[144,597,660],"As":[151],"Hg":[153],"above":[155],"World":[157],"Health":[158],"Organization":[159],"limits":[160],"1":[162],"mg":[163,384,411,430,468,489,508,518,531,541,809,859,899,942,1012,1057,1092,1140,1190],"kg-1":[164,168,490],"2":[166,856],"\u03bcg":[167],"respectively.":[169],"high":[171,1075],"contaminations":[175],"concern":[186],"urgent":[188],"measures":[189],"are":[190,595,1306],"needed":[191],"protect":[193],"Samples":[198],"quantified":[200],"for":[201,212,298,342,706,954,1271,1290],"their":[202],"total":[203,625,775,815,835,887],"phenolic":[204,216],"flavonoid":[206,218],"contents":[207],"as":[208,210,309,444,989,1159,1161],"well":[209,1160],"screened":[211],"antibacterial":[213,221,1089,1110,1137,1172],"activity.":[214],"Variable":[215],"composition":[219],"activity":[222,988,1018,1036,1050,1090,1111,1138,1173,1196,1209],"showed":[223,624,905],"quality":[226,328,974,1251],"efficacy":[228,326,976,1253],"sold":[232,332,1282],"at":[233,333,378,401,738,748,778,806,852,893,931,1051,1074,1083,1129,1283],"medicine":[235,335,1285],"compromised.":[238],"Data":[239],"analysis":[243,249,270,565],"subjected":[245],"hierarchical":[247],"cluster":[248,269],"which":[250,1145],"categorized":[251],"into":[253],"four":[254],"main":[255],"groups":[256],"within":[259],"group":[261],"having":[262],"relatively":[263],"similar":[264],"analyte":[266],"compositions.":[267,1321],"Hierarchical":[268],"proved":[271],"valuable":[275,321],"tool":[276],"this":[278,1266],"preliminary":[279],"can":[289],"potentially":[290],"develop":[294],"large":[296],"database":[297],"easy":[299],"monitoring":[300,1273],"species":[303,314,394],"hyperaccumulative":[305],"potentials.":[306],"Information":[307],"such":[308,443],"site":[310],"collection,":[312],"part":[317],"approach":[322],"ensure":[324,972,1301],"safety,":[325],"markets.":[336],"\\nExposure":[337],"Cd":[339,375,406,465,479,505,516,538,554,608,642,702,741,804,807,849,896,1054,1187,1218],"six":[343,707],"weeks":[344,708],"pot":[347],"trial":[348],"induced":[349,709],"responses":[350,946,1214],"Bulbine":[352],"natalensis,":[353,500],"Drimia":[354],"elata":[355,874,1134],"Hypoxis":[357,419],"hemerocallidea":[358,420,557,582,650,689,715,919,1029,1167,1206],"these":[360,1243],"included":[361],"variations":[362],"uptake,":[366],"growth":[367,388,417],"parameters":[368,389],"physiological":[370,441],"changes.":[371],"Generally,":[372],"application":[373,745,1055],"low":[379,1084,1130,1162],"concentrations":[380,404,1087],"(2":[381],"500":[383,858,1189],"L-1":[385,412,431,469,509,810,860,1191],"respectively)":[386],"enhanced":[387,1088,1135],"three":[392,636],"compared":[395,432,583,818,839,875,1019,1059,1100,1177],"control":[398,842,878,1023,1062,1103,1180],"plants.":[399,801,879,1181,1298],"However,":[400,1106,1200],"highest":[403,513,526,740,752,884,933,1053],"10":[407],"1500":[410,507,941],"respectively,":[413],"significant":[416,907,1045],"inhibition.":[418],"exhibited":[421,470,1030,1169,1207],"good":[422,1136,1171,1195],"tolerance":[423],"exposure":[426],"up":[427],"1000":[429,467,540],"other":[435,827],"species.":[437,460,638,1225],"Some":[438],"changes":[442,712,763,958],"accumulation":[445,477,552,788,866],"free-proline":[447],"increased":[448],"progressively":[449,627],"increasing":[451,630,679,1038],"treatments":[454,705,830],"all":[456,635,1116,1156,1201],"combined":[462,502,560,937,1186],"treatment":[463,503,536,682,742,753,805,897,938,1008,1192],"5:Al":[466,539],"synergistic":[471],"effects":[472],"on":[473,548,645,957,1223,1239,1257],"uptake":[475,550],"values":[483],"about":[485],"83":[486],"918":[488],"respectively":[491,861],"bulbs":[494,587,613],"D.":[496,873,1004,1133],"elata.":[497,1005],"In":[498,675,880],"B.":[499,823,845,1001,1098,1122],"10:Al":[506,940],"resulted":[510,683],"amount":[514,527,926],"(67":[517],"kg-1)":[519,532],"bulb":[522,998],"while":[524],"(1607":[530],"recorded":[534,777,892,930],"after":[535,920],"L-1.":[542],"an":[545,723],"antagonistic":[546],"effect":[547,640],"H.":[556,581,649,688,714,881,918,1028,1166,1205],"treatments.":[561,785,1041],"Energy":[562],"dispersive":[563],"X-ray":[564],"abaxial":[568],"leaf":[569],"surface":[570],"indicated":[571,951],"more":[573],"translocated":[576],"shoot":[579],"Cd.":[585],"corms":[589,615],"extensively":[598],"utilized":[599],"parts":[601],"medicine.":[604],"High":[605,901],"raise":[616],"public":[617],"concerns.":[619],"\\nAnalysis":[620],"photosynthetic":[622],"pigments":[623],"chlorophyll":[626,646,769,776],"decrease":[628,908,985,1046],"stress":[633,795,950],"fluorescence":[647,770],"investigated.":[652],"Non-photochemical":[653],"quenching":[654],"(NPQ)":[655],"adversely":[657],"affected":[658],"metal-treated":[664,1119],"indicating":[666,1064],"photoinactivation":[668],"photosystem":[670],"II":[671],"(PSII)":[672],"reaction":[673],"centres.":[674],"present":[677],"study,":[678],"inability":[686],"utilize":[691],"absorbed":[693],"light":[694],"energy":[695],"leading":[696],"oxidative":[698],"stress.":[699],"Exposure":[700],"several":[710],"ultrastructural":[711,762],"including":[716],"damage":[717],"cortical":[720],"cells":[721],"increase":[724,1033],"xylem":[726],"size.":[727],"Transmission":[728],"electron":[729],"microscopy":[730],"revealed":[731],"complete":[733],"breakdown":[734],"thylakoids":[737],"moderate":[749,803,895,1086,1164],"significantly":[754],"reduced":[755,768],"size":[757],"chloroplasts.":[760],"These":[761,944],"possibly":[765],"explain":[766],"amounts":[773,885],"higher":[780,1016],"\\nBiosynthesis":[786],"secondary":[790,960],"metabolites":[791,961],"under":[792],"variable":[797,945],"5":[808],"up-regulated":[811,862],"synthesis":[813,833,864],"phenolics":[816,836,869,888],"slightly":[817,1015],"controls":[821],"natalensis.":[824,846,1123],"All":[825],"down-regulated":[831],"flavonoids":[838,871,890],"Application":[847,1124],"lowest":[854,925,1007],"concentrations,":[855],"both":[868],"hemerocallidea,":[882],"(5":[898],"L-1).":[900,943],"performance":[902],"liquid":[903],"chromatography":[904],"hypoxoside,":[913],"bioactive":[915,1072],"compound":[916],"exposure.":[923,1080],"hypoxoside":[928],"concentration":[934,1131],"(Cd":[939],"need":[953,1270,1289],"in-depth":[955],"research":[956],"exposed":[965],"metals":[968,1234],"order":[970],"ultimate":[973],"\\nThere":[981],"progressive":[984,1032],"antioxidant":[987],"measured":[990],"by":[991],"2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl":[992],"(DPPH)":[993],"radical":[994],"scavenging":[995],"extracts":[999,1203],"natalensis":[1002,1099],"(500":[1011],"L-1)":[1013,1058],"had":[1014,1194],"DPPH":[1017,1035,1049],"positive":[1022],"(ascorbic":[1024],"acid).":[1025],"Extracts":[1026,1154],"(10":[1056],"loss":[1066],"biosynthesis":[1069],"important":[1071,1296],"compounds":[1073],"\\nCadmium":[1081],"applied":[1082],"(0.78":[1091,1139],"mL-1)":[1093,1141],"against":[1094,1112,1142,1174,1197,1210],"Staphylococcus":[1095],"aureus":[1096,1176],"extracts.":[1105],"Escherichia":[1113],"coli":[1114,1144],"\\nCd":[1126],"AL":[1128],"E.":[1143,1211],"less":[1147],"susceptible":[1148],"antibiotics":[1150],"than":[1151],"S.":[1152,1175,1198],"aureus.":[1153,1199],"Cd-treated":[1157],"Al-treated":[1165],"Plants":[1182],"treated":[1183],"2:Al":[1188],"also":[1193,1246],"coli.":[1212],"\\nThe":[1213],"varied":[1221],"depending":[1222],"Their":[1226],"ability":[1227],"accumulate":[1229],"raises":[1235],"concerns":[1236],"not":[1237],"only":[1238],"safety":[1241],"but":[1245],"issues":[1248],"regarding":[1249],"grown":[1256],"contaminated":[1260],"soils.":[1261],"findings":[1263],"presented":[1264],"thesis":[1267],"highlight":[1268],"stringent":[1272],"material":[1281],"safe":[1291,1311],"sustainable":[1293],"cultivation":[1294],"This":[1299],"will":[1300],"standard":[1309],"quality,":[1310],"toxic":[1313],"contaminants":[1314],"consistent":[1316],"terms":[1318],"phytochemical":[1320]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
