{"id":"https://openalex.org/W831594939","doi":null,"title":"Formulating Ethics and Standards in Archaeology","display_name":"Formulating Ethics and Standards in Archaeology","publication_year":1990,"publication_date":"1990-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W831594939","mag":"831594939"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:831594939","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://chicora.org/pdfs/RS19%20-%20Ethics%20compressed.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055870963","display_name":"Debi Hacker","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Debi Hacker","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003752593","display_name":"Fritz Hamer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fritz Hamer","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048629853","display_name":"Charles J. Rinehart","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charles J. Rinehart","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Bruce Thompson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5885-0652","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5885-0652"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bruce Thompson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5885-0652","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043246364","display_name":"Michael Trinkley","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Trinkley","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086681350","display_name":"Ruth Trocolli","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruth Trocolli","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13595","display_name":"Archaeology and Cultural Heritage","score":0.5663999915122986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology (arts and humanities)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13595","display_name":"Archaeology and Cultural Heritage","score":0.5663999915122986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology (arts and humanities)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12364","display_name":"Archaeological Research and Protection","score":0.19699999690055847,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3302","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11846","display_name":"Cultural Heritage Management and Preservation","score":0.1103999987244606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology (arts and humanities)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/archaeological-ethics","display_name":"archaeological ethics","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/professional-standards","display_name":"professional standards","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/archaeological-collections","display_name":"archaeological collections","score":0.4440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artifact-conservation","display_name":"artifact conservation","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curation","display_name":"curation","score":0.550000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/record-keeping","display_name":"record keeping","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/site-inventory","display_name":"site inventory","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-resource-protection","display_name":"cultural resource protection","score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preservation-law","display_name":"preservation law","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/south-carolina-archaeology","display_name":"South Carolina archaeology","score":0.6779999732971191}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.5983852744102478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779010991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2720909","display_name":"Artifact (error)","level":2,"score":0.5154755711555481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.4633640944957733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779777834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4202277","display_name":"Enforcement","level":2,"score":0.4606277048587799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779269003","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2686349","display_name":"Archaeological record","level":2,"score":0.44708919525146484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776505523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785468","display_name":"Plan (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4407287538051605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.40675175189971924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.3416352868080139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.29700082540512085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.13036593794822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:831594939","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://chicora.org/pdfs/RS19%20-%20Ethics%20compressed.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W114203764","https://openalex.org/W1530717170","https://openalex.org/W1553162391","https://openalex.org/W2152351891","https://openalex.org/W2320326001","https://openalex.org/W2795810186"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7000674647","https://openalex.org/W2083512202","https://openalex.org/W2152255354","https://openalex.org/W2000503532","https://openalex.org/W2793148837","https://openalex.org/W2077189284","https://openalex.org/W4237380944","https://openalex.org/W2047465456","https://openalex.org/W4307333930","https://openalex.org/W6945361284"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Issues":[0],"universal":[1],"to":[2,95,134,162,196,260],"archaeology,":[3],"with":[4],"specific":[5,68],"examples":[6,69,251],"derived":[7],"from":[8],"archaeological":[9,28,63,116,136],"practices":[10,41],"in":[11,16,129],"South":[12],"Carolina,":[13],"are":[14,43,65,77,99,132,218,270],"discussed":[15],"eight":[17],"papers":[18,231,293],"which":[19,42,72,92,131,158,169,256],"concentrate":[20],"on":[21],"professionalism,":[22],"ethics,":[23],"preservation":[24,190,216],"and":[25,30,32,40,48,60,67,70,80,90,105,110,124,186,192,200,225,238,243,266,284,288,294],"conservation":[26,262,264,289],"of":[27,44,55,62,85,103,113,122,149,156,176,188,209,236,252,286],"collections":[29],"records,":[31],"record":[33,240,244,268],"keeping.":[34],"That":[35],"archaeologists":[36],"must":[37],"implement":[38],"measures":[39],"the":[45,56,120,135,141,147,150,154,174,207,221,233],"highest":[46],"scientific":[47,106,125],"professional":[49,86,97],"calibre":[50],"is":[51,108,153,280],"a":[52,81,164],"recurrent":[53],"theme":[54],"papers.":[57],"Current":[58],"inadequacies":[59],"absences":[61],"professionalism":[64],"addressed":[66],"suggestions":[71],"may":[73,159,170],"correct":[74],"these":[75],"deficiencies":[76,235],"provided.":[78],"Principles":[79],"plan":[82],"for":[83,146,214,220],"implementation":[84],"eth":[87],"ical":[88],"standards":[89,107,126],"codes,":[91],"would":[93],"apply":[94],"all":[96],"archaeologists,":[98,157],"presented.":[100],"The":[101],"inseparability":[102],"ethical":[104,123],"stressed,":[109],"an":[111],"examination":[112],"compliance":[114],"level":[115],"research":[117],"reveals":[118],"that":[119,204],"absence":[121],"has":[127],"resulted":[128],"products":[130],"detrimental":[133],"resource":[137,198],"as":[138,140,203,292],"well":[139],"profession.":[142,167],"A":[143],"primary":[144],"recommendation":[145],"correction":[148],"resultant":[151],"problems":[152],"licensing":[155],"assist":[160],"archaeology":[161],"become":[163],"legally":[165],"recognized":[166],"Solutions":[168],"stop":[171],"or":[172],"slow":[173],"destruction":[175,201],"our":[177],"constantly":[178],"dwindling":[179],"cultural":[180,197],"resources":[181],"include":[182],"public":[183],"education,":[184],"passage":[185],"enforcement":[187],"stronger":[189],"laws,":[191],"strongly":[193],"publicized":[194],"opposition":[195],"vandalism":[199],"such":[202,291],"caused":[205],"by":[206],"use":[208],"metal":[210],"detectors.":[211],"Specific":[212,250],"recommendations":[213],"implementing":[215],"goals":[217],"provided":[219,281],"archaeologist,":[222],"historic":[223],"preservationist,":[224],"concerned":[226],"lay":[227],"person.":[228],"Finally,":[229],"several":[230],"describe":[232],"widespread":[234],"artifact":[237],"field":[239],"conservation,":[241],"curation,":[242],"keeping":[245,269],"(especially":[246],"state":[247],"site":[248],"inventories).":[249],"successfully":[253],"implemented":[254],"procedures":[255],"have":[257],"been":[258],"utilized":[259],"establish":[261],"laboratories,":[263],"techniques,":[265],"systematic":[267],"de":[271],"scribed.":[272],"Addi":[273],"tioriall":[274],"y,":[275],"spec":[276],"i":[277],"fie":[278],"information":[279],"regarding":[282],"types":[283],"costs":[285],"chemicals":[287],"products,":[290],"inks":[295],".":[296]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}