{"id":"https://openalex.org/W830546554","doi":null,"title":"Miniature Loop Heat Pipe with Multiple Evaporators for Thermal Control of Small Spacecraft","display_name":"Miniature Loop Heat Pipe with Multiple Evaporators for Thermal Control of Small Spacecraft","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W830546554","mag":"830546554"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:830546554","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20050071089/downloads/20050071089.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402118","display_name":"NASA Technical Reports Server (NASA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210124779","host_organization_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052425909","display_name":"Jentung Ku","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306266525","display_name":"Goddard Space Flight Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0171mag52","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jentung Ku","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, MD., United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, MD., United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111473424","display_name":"Laura Ottenstein","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laura Ottenstein","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031155858","display_name":"Denya Douglas","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Denya Douglas","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017123209","display_name":"Michael T. Pauken","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3993-675X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3993-675X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Pauken","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jet Propulsion Lab. California Inst. of Tech., Pasadena, CA, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jet Propulsion Lab. California Inst. of Tech., Pasadena, CA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111491456","display_name":"Gajanana C. Birur","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gajanana Birur","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jet Propulsion Lab. California Inst. of Tech., Pasadena, CA, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jet Propulsion Lab. California Inst. of Tech., Pasadena, CA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8489,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84277348,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10850","display_name":"Heat Transfer and Boiling Studies","score":0.8476999998092651,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10850","display_name":"Heat Transfer and Boiling Studies","score":0.8476999998092651,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12449","display_name":"Spacecraft Design and Technology","score":0.13760000467300415,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13200","display_name":"Spacecraft and Cryogenic Technologies","score":0.003599999938160181,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/loop-heat-pipe","display_name":"loop heat pipe","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-evaporators","display_name":"multiple evaporators","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deployable-radiator","display_name":"deployable radiator","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermoelectric-cooler","display_name":"thermoelectric cooler","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable-conductance-heat-pipe","display_name":"variable conductance heat pipe","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-switch","display_name":"thermal switch","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-diode","display_name":"thermal diode","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-transport-system","display_name":"heat transport system","score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transient-thermal-modeling","display_name":"transient thermal model","score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scaling-criteria","display_name":"scaling criteria","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-vacuum-testing","display_name":"thermal vacuum testing","score":0.9319999814033508}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37728375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q600568","display_name":"Heat pipe","level":3,"score":0.7594248056411743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24730887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6675830","display_name":"Loop heat pipe","level":4,"score":0.6874808669090271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29829512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40218","display_name":"Spacecraft","level":2,"score":0.6585461497306824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14116294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174334","display_name":"Breadboard","level":2,"score":0.6076670289039612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92508244","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3369825","display_name":"Thermal emittance","level":3,"score":0.6010260581970215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.5923725366592407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50517652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179635","display_name":"Heat transfer","level":2,"score":0.47626110911369324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.47455698251724243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4713929295539856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128458982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18891486","display_name":"Thermoelectric cooling","level":3,"score":0.4654456079006195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137693562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899628","display_name":"Thermal resistance","level":3,"score":0.4282114505767822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C536315585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7698332","display_name":"Temperature control","level":2,"score":0.420159250497818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3977353274822235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.2954859733581543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.22171908617019653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.1928883194923401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63024428","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q552456","display_name":"Thermoelectric effect","level":2,"score":0.14143648743629456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.13439014554023743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.1313389241695404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1252279281616211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.11646562814712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:830546554","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20050071089/downloads/20050071089.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402118","display_name":"NASA Technical Reports Server (NASA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210124779","host_organization_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1565704894","https://openalex.org/W1588622944","https://openalex.org/W1602239240","https://openalex.org/W2114600090","https://openalex.org/W2527058002","https://openalex.org/W3142870457"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7096332351","https://openalex.org/W1605987131","https://openalex.org/W7096635219","https://openalex.org/W169084994","https://openalex.org/W2037366476","https://openalex.org/W1563743533","https://openalex.org/W2093081302","https://openalex.org/W2062634003","https://openalex.org/W2008900409","https://openalex.org/W7020978711"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"an":[3],"advanced":[4],"miniature":[5],"heat":[6,22,33,64],"transport":[7],"system":[8,17,57,143],"for":[9,32,42,126],"thermal":[10,16,56,66,68,78,132,142],"control":[11,50],"of":[12,19,61,86,101,140],"small":[13],"spacecraft.":[14],"The":[15,55],"consists":[18],"a":[20,75],"loop":[21,52],"pipe":[23],"(LHP)":[24],"with":[25,148],"multiple":[26,29],"evaporators":[27],"and":[28,35,70,89,99,106,113,131,144],"deployable":[30],"radiators":[31,41],"transfer,":[34],"variable":[36,62],"emittance":[37],"coatings":[38],"on":[39],"the":[40,51,59,71,83,95,102,141],"performance":[43,84,139],"enhancement.":[44],"Thermoelectric":[45],"coolers":[46],"are":[47],"used":[48],"to":[49,93],"operating":[53],"temperature.":[54],"combines":[58],"functions":[60],"conductance":[63],"pipes,":[65],"switches,":[67],"diodes,":[69],"state-of-the-art":[72,87],"LHPs":[73,88],"into":[74],"single":[76],"integrated":[77],"system.":[79,103],"It":[80],"retains":[81],"all":[82],"characteristics":[85],"offers":[90],"additional":[91],"advantages":[92],"enhance":[94],"functionality,":[96],"performance,":[97],"versatility,":[98],"reliability":[100],"Steady":[104],"state":[105],"transient":[107],"analytical":[108],"models":[109],"have":[110,116],"been":[111,118,124],"developed,":[112],"scaling":[114],"criteria":[115],"also":[117],"established.":[119],"A":[120],"breadboard":[121],"unit":[122],"has":[123],"built":[125],"functional":[127],"testing":[128],"in":[129],"laboratory":[130],"vacuum":[133],"environments.":[134],"Experimental":[135],"results":[136],"show":[137],"excellent":[138],"correlate":[145],"very":[146],"well":[147],"theoretical":[149],"predictions.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-01T11:40:01.658920","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
