{"id":"https://openalex.org/W82935872","doi":null,"title":"Optimum maintenance trough levels of cyclosporine in heart transplant recipients given corticosteroid-free regimen.","display_name":"Optimum maintenance trough levels of cyclosporine in heart transplant recipients given corticosteroid-free regimen.","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W82935872","mag":"82935872","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9773855"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:9773855","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9773855","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of heart and lung transplantation : the official publication of the International Society for Heart Transplantation","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001986733","display_name":"Anju Nohria","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7113-1118","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7113-1118"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A Nohria","raw_affiliation_strings":["Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn 06520-8017, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn 06520-8017, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033425701","display_name":"Javed Ehtisham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6390-3712","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6390-3712"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J Ehtisham","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057902110","display_name":"Tarik M. Ramahi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T M Ramahi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"9","first_page":"849","last_page":"53"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11189","display_name":"Transplantation: Methods and Outcomes","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11189","display_name":"Transplantation: Methods and Outcomes","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10373","display_name":"Renal Transplantation Outcomes and Treatments","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2747","display_name":"Transplantation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12900","display_name":"Organ and Tissue Transplantation Research","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2747","display_name":"Transplantation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyclosporine","display_name":"cyclosporine","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trough-concentration","display_name":"trough concentration","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-transplantation","display_name":"heart transplantation","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steroid-free-immunosuppression","display_name":"steroid-free immunosuppression","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acute-cellular-rejection","display_name":"acute cellular rejection","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/azathioprine","display_name":"azathioprine","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunosuppressive-dosing","display_name":"immunosuppressive dosing","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/serum-creatinine","display_name":"serum creatinine","score":0.8349999785423279}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9027683734893799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18939","display_name":"Azathioprine","level":3,"score":0.8540703058242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781413609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7308373","display_name":"Regimen","level":2,"score":0.6629236936569214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778849806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q643396","display_name":"Heart transplantation","level":3,"score":0.6438872814178467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780252810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1455316","display_name":"Immunosuppression","level":2,"score":0.6164590120315552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2911091166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106419912","display_name":"Transplantation","level":2,"score":0.5223682522773743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.4799256920814514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31785415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7846541","display_name":"Trough level","level":4,"score":0.4602351188659668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780306776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q426660","display_name":"Creatinine","level":2,"score":0.45561206340789795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90924648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120569","display_name":"Gastroenterology","level":1,"score":0.40913158655166626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126894567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105650","display_name":"Urology","level":1,"score":0.34251248836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909675724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411648","display_name":"Tacrolimus","level":3,"score":0.13311767578125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001379","descriptor_name":"Azathioprine","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001706","descriptor_name":"Biopsy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003404","descriptor_name":"Creatinine","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004359","descriptor_name":"Drug Therapy, Combination","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006084","descriptor_name":"Graft Rejection","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007166","descriptor_name":"Immunosuppressive Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009206","descriptor_name":"Myocardium","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011863","descriptor_name":"Radioimmunoassay","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016027","descriptor_name":"Heart Transplantation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016572","descriptor_name":"Cyclosporine","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:9773855","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9773855","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of heart and lung transplantation : the official publication of the International Society for Heart Transplantation","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:82935872","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9773855","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2094495171","https://openalex.org/W1518767555","https://openalex.org/W4293504030","https://openalex.org/W2418383273","https://openalex.org/W4250611469","https://openalex.org/W2046368843","https://openalex.org/W111523505","https://openalex.org/W1988925584","https://openalex.org/W2081350376","https://openalex.org/W2275518929"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Standard":[1],"immunosuppressive":[2,25,45,67],"therapy":[3,46],"for":[4,82,134,148],"heart":[5,37,83,108],"transplant":[6,38,84,109],"recipients":[7,85,110],"consists":[8],"of":[9,16,44,53,77,130,153,174,184,198,206,223,237,246],"cyclosporine,":[10,54],"azathioprine,":[11],"and":[12,33,99,127,136,161,248,257],"corticosteroids.":[13],"Long-term":[14],"use":[15],"steroids":[17],"results":[18],"in":[19,35,47,63,240],"serious":[20],"side":[21],"effects.":[22],"Steroid-free":[23],"maintenance":[24],"regimens":[26],"have":[27],"been":[28],"shown":[29],"to":[30,72,120,225],"be":[31],"safe":[32],"effective":[34],"selected":[36],"recipients.":[39],"Cyclosporine":[40,220],"is":[41],"the":[42,64,74,122,128,151,234],"cornerstone":[43],"such":[48],"regimens.":[49],"The":[50,144,181],"ideal":[51],"dose":[52],"providing":[55],"adequate":[56],"immunosuppression":[57],"while":[58],"minimizing":[59],"toxicity,":[60],"remains":[61],"controversial":[62],"standard":[65],"triple":[66],"regimen.":[68,89],"This":[69],"study":[70],"attempted":[71],"define":[73],"optimal":[75],"level":[76,126,197],"cyclosporine":[78,101,125,166,196,207,247,255],"(whole":[79,228],"blood":[80,229],"radioimmunoassay)":[81,230],"given":[86,242],"a":[87,171,195,243],"steroid-free":[88,244],"METHODS:":[90],"We":[91,114],"retrospectively":[92],"analyzed":[93],"data":[94,145],"from":[95,105],"583":[96],"endomyocardial":[97],"biopsies":[98],"corresponding":[100],"trough":[102,221],"levels":[103,167,205,215,222,256],"obtained":[104],"48":[106],"orthotopic":[107],"maintained":[111],"without":[112],"steroids.":[113],"used":[115],"maximum":[116],"likelihood":[117],"probit":[118],"techniques":[119],"examine":[121],"correlation":[123],"between":[124,254],"probability":[129,173,183,236],"rejection":[131,177,239],"(International":[132],"Society":[133],"Heart":[135],"Lung":[137],"Transplantation":[138],"[ISHLT]":[139],"grades":[140,187],"higher":[141,188,204,212],"than":[142,189],"1A).":[143],"were":[146,168,208],"adjusted":[147],"age":[149],"at":[150],"time":[152,157],"transplantation,":[154,160],"sex,":[155],"race,":[156],"elapsed":[158],"since":[159],"azathioprine":[162],"dose.":[163],"RESULTS:":[164],"Higher":[165],"associated":[169,193,210,232],"with":[170,194,211,233],"lower":[172],"acute":[175],"cellular":[176,238],"(p":[178,216],"<":[179],".03).":[180],"lowest":[182,235],"rejection,":[185],"ISHLT":[186],"1A":[190],"(1.7%),":[191],"was":[192,251],"322":[199],"ng/mL.":[200],"In":[201],"this":[202],"database,":[203],"not":[209],"serum":[213,258],"creatinine":[214],"=":[217],".6).":[218],"CONCLUSIONS:":[219],"300":[224],"350":[226],"ng/mL":[227],"are":[231],"patients":[241],"regimen":[245],"azathioprine.":[249],"There":[250],"no":[252],"association":[253],"creatinine.":[259]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}