{"id":"https://openalex.org/W827094853","doi":null,"title":"The Trust Doctrine: A Source of Protection for Native American Sacred Sites","display_name":"The Trust Doctrine: A Source of Protection for Native American Sacred Sites","publication_year":1989,"publication_date":"1989-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W827094853","mag":"827094853"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarship.law.edu:lawreview-1859","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarship.law.edu/lawreview/vol38/iss3/5","pdf_url":"https://scholarship.law.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1859&context=lawreview","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196759","display_name":"Scholarship at Catholic Law (Catholic University of America)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I84470341","host_organization_name":"Catholic University of America","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84470341"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Catholic University Law Review","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://scholarship.law.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1859&context=lawreview","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079722567","display_name":"Jeri Beth K. Ezra","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84470341","display_name":"Catholic University of America","ror":"https://ror.org/047yk3s18","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84470341"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ezra, Jeri Beth K.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Columbus School of Law"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbus School of Law","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84470341"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079722567"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84470341"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13879","display_name":"Indigenous Peoples' Rights and Law","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13879","display_name":"Indigenous Peoples' Rights and Law","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13864","display_name":"Indigenous Cultures and History","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13357","display_name":"Property Rights and Legal Doctrine","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/native-american-sacred-sites","display_name":"Native American sacred sites","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/federal-trust-responsibility","display_name":"federal trust responsibility","score":0.5569999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-exercise-of-religion","display_name":"free exercise of religion","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/religious-freedom","display_name":"religious freedom","score":0.42500001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tribal-sovereignty","display_name":"tribal sovereignty","score":0.5239999890327454}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776211767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117850","display_name":"Doctrine","level":2,"score":0.7249020338058472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.4591699242591858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3727002739906311}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarship.law.edu:lawreview-1859","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarship.law.edu/lawreview/vol38/iss3/5","pdf_url":"https://scholarship.law.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1859&context=lawreview","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196759","display_name":"Scholarship at Catholic Law (Catholic University of America)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I84470341","host_organization_name":"Catholic University of America","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84470341"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Catholic University Law Review","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarship.law.edu:lawreview-1859","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarship.law.edu/lawreview/vol38/iss3/5","pdf_url":"https://scholarship.law.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1859&context=lawreview","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196759","display_name":"Scholarship at Catholic Law (Catholic University of America)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I84470341","host_organization_name":"Catholic University of America","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84470341"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Catholic University Law Review","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7297000288963318,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W827094853.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W827094853.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7139852100","https://openalex.org/W2273096024","https://openalex.org/W6980832233","https://openalex.org/W2772833023","https://openalex.org/W7133555652","https://openalex.org/W4403046559","https://openalex.org/W2523926938","https://openalex.org/W4382406505","https://openalex.org/W3163350433","https://openalex.org/W2212582479"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Invariably,":[0],"those":[1],"challenges":[2],"failed.4":[3],"Given":[4],"the":[5,21,49,56,64,68,71,83,237],"United":[6,50],"States":[7,51],"Supreme":[8],"Court's":[9],"recent":[10],"decision":[11],"in":[12,67,107,233],"Lyng":[13,234],"v.":[14,127,152],"Northwest":[15],"Indian":[16],"Cemetery":[17],"Protective":[18],"Association,":[19],"5":[20],"free":[22,118],"exercise":[23,119],"clause":[24],"appears":[25],"an":[26],"ineffective":[27],"legal":[28],"theory":[29],"upon":[30],"which":[31,77],"Native":[32,41,72,88],"Americans":[33,89],"may":[34],"seek":[35],"protection":[36],"of":[37,60,70,93,100,115,138,143,167,175,240,245],"their":[38],"sacred":[39,170],"sites.6":[40],"American":[42],"tribes":[43],"possess":[44],"a":[45,61,79,91],"unique":[46],"relationship":[47],"with":[48,90],"government.7":[52],"The":[53],"courts":[54],"characterize":[55],"relation":[57],"as":[58,141,173],"that":[59],"trust,":[62],"casting":[63],"Federal":[65,84],"Government":[66],"role":[69],"Americans'":[73],"protector.'The":[74],"\"trust":[75],"doctrine,\"":[76],"imposes":[78],"fiduciary":[80],"duty":[81],"on":[82,113],"Government,":[85],"9":[86],"provides":[87],"means":[92],"challenging":[94],"gov-Cir.1980)":[95],"(Navajo":[96],"challenged":[97,140,172],"government's":[98],"operation":[99,137],"lake":[101],"surrounding":[102],"Rainbow":[103],"Bridge":[104],"National":[105],"Park":[106],"order":[108],"to":[109,169,223],"restrict":[110],"public":[111],"access":[112,168],"grounds":[114],"first":[116,144,176],"amendment":[117],"rights),":[120],"cert.denied,":[121,146,178],"452":[122],"U.S.":[123,148,180],"954":[124],"(1981);":[125],"Sequoyah":[126],"Tennessee":[128],"Valley":[129],"Auth.(TVA),":[130],"620":[131,195],"F.2d":[132,161,186,191,196],"1159":[133],"(6th":[134],"Cir.)":[135,164],"(proposed":[136],"dam":[139],"violative":[142,174],"amendment),":[145,177],"449":[147],"953":[149],"(1980);":[150],"Crow":[151],"Gullet,":[153],"541":[154,200],"F.":[155,201],"Supp.785":[156],"(D.S.D.":[157],"1982),":[158],"aff'd,":[159],"706":[160],"856":[162],"(8th":[163],"(government's":[165],"regulation":[166],"site":[171,231],"464":[179],"977":[181],"(1983).4.":[182],"See":[183,210],"Wilson,":[184],"708":[185],"at":[187,192,197,203,212,243],"744;":[188],"Badoni,":[189],"638":[190],"176-80;":[193],"Sequoyah,":[194],"1165;":[198],"Crow,":[199],"Supp.":[202],"794.5.":[204],"108":[205],"S.":[206],"Ct.":[207],"1319":[208],"(1988).6.":[209],"id.":[211],"1327":[213],"(\"[G]overnment":[214],"could":[215],"simply":[216],"not":[217],"operate":[218],"if":[219],"it":[220],"were":[221],"required":[222],"satisfy":[224],"every":[225],"citizen's":[226],"religious":[227],"needs":[228],"and":[229],"desires.\").The":[230],"involved":[232],"fell":[235],"within":[236],"geographic":[238],"boundaries":[239],"government":[241],"property.Id.":[242],"1320.Thousands":[244],"other":[246],"sites":[247],"are":[248],"similarly":[249],"situated.":[250]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-09T07:26:56.047234","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}