{"id":"https://openalex.org/W82581858","doi":null,"title":"Safety and efficacy of traditional medicinal plant combinations for the treatment of sexually transmitted infections in Northern Maputaland, South Africa","display_name":"Safety and efficacy of traditional medicinal plant combinations for the treatment of sexually transmitted infections in Northern Maputaland, South Africa","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-02-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W82581858","mag":"82581858"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:wiredspace.wits.ac.za:10539/13872","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net10539/13872","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400603","display_name":"University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg Institutional Repository on DSpace (University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I192619145","host_organization_name":"University of the Witwatersrand","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113460670","display_name":"Deshnee Naidoo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Deshnee Naidoo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113460670"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10431","display_name":"Ethnobotanical and Medicinal Plants Studies","score":0.9639000296592712,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10431","display_name":"Ethnobotanical and Medicinal Plants Studies","score":0.9639000296592712,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12657","display_name":"Phytochemistry Medicinal Plant Applications","score":0.016100000590085983,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10225","display_name":"Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity","score":0.007499999832361937,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sexually-transmitted-infections","display_name":"sexually transmitted infections","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traditional-medicinal-plants","display_name":"traditional medicinal plants","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-combinations","display_name":"plant combinations","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethnobotany","display_name":"ethnobotany","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antimicrobial-activity","display_name":"antimicrobial activity","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cytotoxicity","display_name":"cytotoxicity","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/candida-albicans","display_name":"Candida albicans","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ureaplasma-urealyticum","display_name":"Ureaplasma urealyticum","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gardnerella-vaginalis","display_name":"Gardnerella vaginalis","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trichomonas-vaginalis","display_name":"Trichomonas vaginalis","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neisseria-gonorrhoeae","display_name":"Neisseria gonorrhoeae","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maputaland","display_name":"Maputaland","score":0.5979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kwazulu-natal","display_name":"KwaZulu-Natal","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/herbal-medicine","display_name":"herbal medicine","score":0.3959999978542328}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556039675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q771035","display_name":"Traditional medicine","level":1,"score":0.6150214672088623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4788063168525696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.4619572162628174}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:wiredspace.wits.ac.za:10539/13872","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net10539/13872","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400603","display_name":"University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg Institutional Repository on DSpace (University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I192619145","host_organization_name":"University of the Witwatersrand","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"mag:82581858","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://wiredspace.wits.ac.za/bitstream/10539/13872/1/thesis%2021042013.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":195,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W14886614","https://openalex.org/W58608846","https://openalex.org/W127170651","https://openalex.org/W130973466","https://openalex.org/W1524312546","https://openalex.org/W1535207151","https://openalex.org/W1580911053","https://openalex.org/W1583270641","https://openalex.org/W1644523381","https://openalex.org/W1651239900","https://openalex.org/W1864266901","https://openalex.org/W1964264381","https://openalex.org/W1964920642","https://openalex.org/W1964977903","https://openalex.org/W1966065507","https://openalex.org/W1966222285","https://openalex.org/W1966423974","https://openalex.org/W1966513330","https://openalex.org/W1967091783","https://openalex.org/W1968452840","https://openalex.org/W1971572702","https://openalex.org/W1972714328","https://openalex.org/W1973884079","https://openalex.org/W1974334289","https://openalex.org/W1975270903","https://openalex.org/W1975634714","https://openalex.org/W1976303270","https://openalex.org/W1978289966","https://openalex.org/W1978614025","https://openalex.org/W1979336841","https://openalex.org/W1983907449","https://openalex.org/W1985820058","https://openalex.org/W1985949687","https://openalex.org/W1986350963","https://openalex.org/W1986459557","https://openalex.org/W1986746044","https://openalex.org/W1987666508","https://openalex.org/W1987965490","https://openalex.org/W1988017958","https://openalex.org/W1988255692","https://openalex.org/W1989875458","https://openalex.org/W1990988407","https://openalex.org/W1991154607","https://openalex.org/W1991672646","https://openalex.org/W1993095775","https://openalex.org/W1993382491","https://openalex.org/W1993943341","https://openalex.org/W1994404726","https://openalex.org/W1994438982","https://openalex.org/W1995287013","https://openalex.org/W1996443112","https://openalex.org/W1999529651","https://openalex.org/W2000129641","https://openalex.org/W2000805253","https://openalex.org/W2001385809","https://openalex.org/W2001449989","https://openalex.org/W2001881599","https://openalex.org/W2002642221","https://openalex.org/W2003808941","https://openalex.org/W2004014253","https://openalex.org/W2005046149","https://openalex.org/W2005376759","https://openalex.org/W2007015576","https://openalex.org/W2007019921","https://openalex.org/W2007639379","https://openalex.org/W2008838870","https://openalex.org/W2008893536","https://openalex.org/W2009086432","https://openalex.org/W2009957066","https://openalex.org/W2011220982","https://openalex.org/W2013013443","https://openalex.org/W2015884448","https://openalex.org/W2019062045","https://openalex.org/W2019169070","https://openalex.org/W2019173565","https://openalex.org/W2021598513","https://openalex.org/W2023125221","https://openalex.org/W2023313228","https://openalex.org/W2025202362","https://openalex.org/W2026771891","https://openalex.org/W2026971953","https://openalex.org/W2027493118","https://openalex.org/W2027610887","https://openalex.org/W2027732886","https://openalex.org/W2027756650","https://openalex.org/W2027936604","https://openalex.org/W2029280678","https://openalex.org/W2029375753","https://openalex.org/W2029437616","https://openalex.org/W2029751952","https://openalex.org/W2030576677","https://openalex.org/W2031630314","https://openalex.org/W2032754395","https://openalex.org/W2033170359","https://openalex.org/W2035169747","https://openalex.org/W2036562751","https://openalex.org/W2037111075","https://openalex.org/W2037247538","https://openalex.org/W2037347992","https://openalex.org/W2037712439","https://openalex.org/W2038945751","https://openalex.org/W2039302455","https://openalex.org/W2040645676","https://openalex.org/W2043204173","https://openalex.org/W2044747993","https://openalex.org/W2044833180","https://openalex.org/W2045849900","https://openalex.org/W2047576063","https://openalex.org/W2047783827","https://openalex.org/W2049765260","https://openalex.org/W2049860537","https://openalex.org/W2050207779","https://openalex.org/W2052236994","https://openalex.org/W2055097568","https://openalex.org/W2056178526","https://openalex.org/W2057815756","https://openalex.org/W2059902372","https://openalex.org/W2063665355","https://openalex.org/W2064111279","https://openalex.org/W2064157294","https://openalex.org/W2065013018","https://openalex.org/W2065188890","https://openalex.org/W2067699310","https://openalex.org/W2067894486","https://openalex.org/W2068036939","https://openalex.org/W2068059014","https://openalex.org/W2069077617","https://openalex.org/W2069307360","https://openalex.org/W2070953605","https://openalex.org/W2072602691","https://openalex.org/W2072869081","https://openalex.org/W2079005838","https://openalex.org/W2079184968","https://openalex.org/W2079859967","https://openalex.org/W2080337138","https://openalex.org/W2081725078","https://openalex.org/W2082356362","https://openalex.org/W2082873269","https://openalex.org/W2082977418","https://openalex.org/W2083747346","https://openalex.org/W2084324146","https://openalex.org/W2084925159","https://openalex.org/W2086418076","https://openalex.org/W2086644936","https://openalex.org/W2086686950","https://openalex.org/W2087040990","https://openalex.org/W2087133167","https://openalex.org/W2090381627","https://openalex.org/W2091882563","https://openalex.org/W2092353237","https://openalex.org/W2093169415","https://openalex.org/W2093391931","https://openalex.org/W2094940818","https://openalex.org/W2095592880","https://openalex.org/W2096954157","https://openalex.org/W2099334148","https://openalex.org/W2102602269","https://openalex.org/W2103892367","https://openalex.org/W2106061420","https://openalex.org/W2106599654","https://openalex.org/W2107188298","https://openalex.org/W2107952018","https://openalex.org/W2108032846","https://openalex.org/W2109700453","https://openalex.org/W2110823272","https://openalex.org/W2114858490","https://openalex.org/W2114918609","https://openalex.org/W2129067221","https://openalex.org/W2130876889","https://openalex.org/W2131630736","https://openalex.org/W2136673891","https://openalex.org/W2140927361","https://openalex.org/W2142272081","https://openalex.org/W2147541161","https://openalex.org/W2147993882","https://openalex.org/W2149631665","https://openalex.org/W2151706574","https://openalex.org/W2155643918","https://openalex.org/W2160439510","https://openalex.org/W2163558551","https://openalex.org/W2163995223","https://openalex.org/W2164315811","https://openalex.org/W2164526370","https://openalex.org/W2171502368","https://openalex.org/W2184237258","https://openalex.org/W2184713332","https://openalex.org/W2218598354","https://openalex.org/W2326823588","https://openalex.org/W2327563964","https://openalex.org/W2412562826","https://openalex.org/W2616038944","https://openalex.org/W2618895222","https://openalex.org/W2798310077","https://openalex.org/W4235738869","https://openalex.org/W4407751074"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1999529651","https://openalex.org/W2100210897","https://openalex.org/W1484411130","https://openalex.org/W4405611635","https://openalex.org/W4245333029","https://openalex.org/W7034559151","https://openalex.org/W2296234676","https://openalex.org/W1597390149","https://openalex.org/W2276247391","https://openalex.org/W2286067837"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sexually":[0],"transmitted":[1],"infections":[2],"(STIs)":[3],"are":[4],"a":[5,15],"global":[6],"concern":[7],"and":[8,33,49,82,91,110,186],"more":[9],"specifically":[10,42],"southern":[11],"Africa":[12],"has":[13],"seen":[14],"tremendous":[16],"upsurge":[17],"in":[18,43,62,99,111,162],"infection":[19,35],"rates.":[20,36],"KwaZulu-Natal":[21],"is":[22],"the":[23,28,55,66,83,119,127,151],"province":[24],"found":[25,53],"to":[26],"have":[27],"highest":[29],"Human":[30],"Immunodeficiency":[31],"Virus":[32],"STI":[34,69,159],"From":[37],"an":[38],"ethnobotanical":[39],"study":[40,164],"conducted":[41],"northern":[44],"Maputaland":[45],"(Mabibi,":[46],"Tshongwe,":[47],"Mseleni":[48],"Mbazwana),":[50],"it":[51],"was":[52],"that":[54],"lay":[56],"people":[57],"most":[58],"often":[59],"used":[60],"plants":[61,108],"various":[63],"combinations":[64,77],"for":[65,96,115,137,143],"treatment":[67],"of":[68,74],"related":[70],"symptoms.":[71],"The":[72,107,134,157],"use":[73],"these":[75],"plant":[76,98,105],"were":[78,94,113,146,165],"thus":[79],"antimicrobially":[80],"investigated":[81,114,149,161],"toxicity":[84],"properties":[85],"determined.":[86],"\\nThe":[87],"dichloromethane:":[88],"methanol":[89],"(organic)":[90],"aqueous":[92],"extracts":[93],"prepared":[95],"each":[97,138,144],"situ":[100],"using":[101,118,150],"collected":[102],"ground":[103],"dried":[104],"material.":[106],"(individually":[109],"combination)":[112],"toxic":[116],"potential":[117],"3-[4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazol-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium":[120],"bromide":[121],"(MTT)":[122],"cellular":[123],"viability":[124],"assay":[125],"on":[126],"human":[128],"kidney":[129],"epithelial":[130],"(Graham)":[131],"cell":[132],"line.":[133],"antimicrobial":[135],"activities":[136],"sample,":[139],"as":[140,142],"well":[141],"combination,":[145],"then":[147],"further":[148],"minimum":[152],"inhibitory":[153],"concentration":[154],"(MIC)":[155],"assay.":[156],"six":[158],"pathogens":[160],"this":[163],"Candida":[166],"albicans":[167],"(ATCC":[168,176,180,189],"10321),":[169],"Ureaplasma":[170],"urealyticum":[171],"(clinical":[172,184],"strain),":[173],"Oligella":[174],"ureolytica":[175],"43534),":[177],"Gardnerella":[178],"vaginalis":[179,183],"14018),":[181],"Trichomonas":[182],"strain)":[185],"Neisseria":[187],"gonnorhoeae":[188],"19424).":[190]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}