{"id":"https://openalex.org/W824334138","doi":null,"title":"The investigation of early MRI in diagnosis and prognosis in patients presenting with a clinically isolated syndrome characteristic of demyelination","display_name":"The investigation of early MRI in diagnosis and prognosis in patients presenting with a clinically isolated syndrome characteristic of demyelination","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W824334138","mag":"824334138"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:18781","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/18781/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Doctoral thesis, UCL (University College London).","raw_type":"Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113480505","display_name":"Josephine K. Swanton","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Josephine Swanton","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113480505"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10137","display_name":"Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10137","display_name":"Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11827","display_name":"Polyomavirus and related diseases","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12574","display_name":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2714","display_name":"Family Practice"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinically-isolated-syndrome","display_name":"clinically isolated syndrome","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-sclerosis","display_name":"multiple sclerosis","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-mri","display_name":"early MRI","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mri-diagnostic-criteria","display_name":"MRI diagnostic criteria","score":0.5230000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dissemination-in-space","display_name":"dissemination in space","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dissemination-in-time","display_name":"dissemination in time","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conversion-to-multiple-sclerosis","display_name":"conversion to multiple sclerosis","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optic-neuritis","display_name":"optic neuritis","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disability-prediction","display_name":"disability prediction","score":0.593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/periventricular-lesions","display_name":"periventricular lesions","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lesion-localization","display_name":"lesion localization","score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lesion-activity","display_name":"lesion activity","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/t2-lesions","display_name":"T2 lesions","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demyelination","display_name":"demyelination","score":0.5849999785423279}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8454502820968628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781028063","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q338802","display_name":"Clinically isolated syndrome","level":3,"score":0.839837372303009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.7351030707359314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780640218","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8277","display_name":"Multiple sclerosis","level":2,"score":0.6728329658508301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781156865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q827023","display_name":"Lesion","level":2,"score":0.6679098010063171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776572573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q972514","display_name":"Optic neuritis","level":3,"score":0.6081723570823669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143409427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161238","display_name":"Magnetic resonance imaging","level":2,"score":0.5792388916015625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781172350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194520","display_name":"Atrophy","level":2,"score":0.5331076383590698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207103383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3930246","display_name":"Hazard ratio","level":3,"score":0.5153552889823914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187382586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1208166","display_name":"McDonald criteria","level":3,"score":0.49851369857788086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.4536605775356293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.28118598461151123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.2715655267238617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.23372292518615723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:18781","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/18781/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Doctoral thesis, UCL (University College London).","raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"mag:824334138","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/18781/1/18781.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306508231","display_name":"Doctoral thesis, UCL (University College London).","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Doctoral thesis, UCL (University College London).","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9940000176429749,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":270,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W67858917","https://openalex.org/W75184327","https://openalex.org/W1482855280","https://openalex.org/W1561727129","https://openalex.org/W1576830483","https://openalex.org/W1605865008","https://openalex.org/W1745420251","https://openalex.org/W1866392371","https://openalex.org/W1911888619","https://openalex.org/W1933220919","https://openalex.org/W1937237537","https://openalex.org/W1964067822","https://openalex.org/W1965112519","https://openalex.org/W1965545788","https://openalex.org/W1965574103","https://openalex.org/W1966515383","https://openalex.org/W1966587567","https://openalex.org/W1968232761","https://openalex.org/W1971995766","https://openalex.org/W1973256647","https://openalex.org/W1974366107","https://openalex.org/W1975921164","https://openalex.org/W1976118752","https://openalex.org/W1976473223","https://openalex.org/W1978243650","https://openalex.org/W1979702063","https://openalex.org/W1979998628","https://openalex.org/W1980486671","https://openalex.org/W1980830148","https://openalex.org/W1981489624","https://openalex.org/W1982842562","https://openalex.org/W1982881050","https://openalex.org/W1984110586","https://openalex.org/W1987057401","https://openalex.org/W1987577256","https://openalex.org/W1987792907","https://openalex.org/W1988586000","https://openalex.org/W1992642861","https://openalex.org/W1993688098","https://openalex.org/W1995545198","https://openalex.org/W1996562565","https://openalex.org/W1997390910","https://openalex.org/W1997510964","https://openalex.org/W1999110803","https://openalex.org/W1999427630","https://openalex.org/W2000839562","https://openalex.org/W2001356567","https://openalex.org/W2001754026","https://openalex.org/W2001910022","https://openalex.org/W2002309182","https://openalex.org/W2002580522","https://openalex.org/W2003740803","https://openalex.org/W2004390059","https://openalex.org/W2004939066","https://openalex.org/W2005020945","https://openalex.org/W2007625311","https://openalex.org/W2007785782","https://openalex.org/W2008120870","https://openalex.org/W2008299268","https://openalex.org/W2010432945","https://openalex.org/W2012081545","https://openalex.org/W2012185320","https://openalex.org/W2013082621","https://openalex.org/W2013432990","https://openalex.org/W2016782608","https://openalex.org/W2016945675","https://openalex.org/W2017436306","https://openalex.org/W2017645544","https://openalex.org/W2018092913","https://openalex.org/W2018622875","https://openalex.org/W2018830472","https://openalex.org/W2019582599","https://openalex.org/W2021086069","https://openalex.org/W2024561693","https://openalex.org/W2026406338","https://openalex.org/W2026620517","https://openalex.org/W2028255207","https://openalex.org/W2028274123","https://openalex.org/W2029817323","https://openalex.org/W2031125227","https://openalex.org/W2033132405","https://openalex.org/W2033196846","https://openalex.org/W2034809772","https://openalex.org/W2035094710","https://openalex.org/W2035195833","https://openalex.org/W2035847448","https://openalex.org/W2036150740","https://openalex.org/W2037837499","https://openalex.org/W2037965052","https://openalex.org/W2038265704","https://openalex.org/W2038732717","https://openalex.org/W2040331867","https://openalex.org/W2041222049","https://openalex.org/W2042458479","https://openalex.org/W2042601306","https://openalex.org/W2042983418","https://openalex.org/W2045136965","https://openalex.org/W2045502875","https://openalex.org/W2046817896","https://openalex.org/W2047062145","https://openalex.org/W2047118259","https://openalex.org/W2047654165","https://openalex.org/W2047871329","https://openalex.org/W2049025913","https://openalex.org/W2049116186","https://openalex.org/W2049478937","https://openalex.org/W2051760559","https://openalex.org/W2052044601","https://openalex.org/W2052711612","https://openalex.org/W2052867856","https://openalex.org/W2053510167","https://openalex.org/W2054169465","https://openalex.org/W2054304557","https://openalex.org/W2056050468","https://openalex.org/W2056291378","https://openalex.org/W2058214824","https://openalex.org/W2059893428","https://openalex.org/W2061995712","https://openalex.org/W2064809212","https://openalex.org/W2065375309","https://openalex.org/W2066105974","https://openalex.org/W2066919899","https://openalex.org/W2070224255","https://openalex.org/W2073343227","https://openalex.org/W2074693833","https://openalex.org/W2075562265","https://openalex.org/W2075933266","https://openalex.org/W2077713075","https://openalex.org/W2079146964","https://openalex.org/W2079593097","https://openalex.org/W2080881872","https://openalex.org/W2081421036","https://openalex.org/W2081905233","https://openalex.org/W2082270646","https://openalex.org/W2082688434","https://openalex.org/W2084940546","https://openalex.org/W2085105028","https://openalex.org/W2085715864","https://openalex.org/W2087422472","https://openalex.org/W2088006793","https://openalex.org/W2088302755","https://openalex.org/W2088779556","https://openalex.org/W2092959805","https://openalex.org/W2093925589","https://openalex.org/W2094054210","https://openalex.org/W2094473949","https://openalex.org/W2095666175","https://openalex.org/W2096555252","https://openalex.org/W2097364877","https://openalex.org/W2097942023","https://openalex.org/W2100248854","https://openalex.org/W2101327766","https://openalex.org/W2101668653","https://openalex.org/W2102993505","https://openalex.org/W2103758700","https://openalex.org/W2105026328","https://openalex.org/W2105209479","https://openalex.org/W2105259600","https://openalex.org/W2105294414","https://openalex.org/W2105490558","https://openalex.org/W2105548401","https://openalex.org/W2107941546","https://openalex.org/W2108156625","https://openalex.org/W2108526545","https://openalex.org/W2108884281","https://openalex.org/W2108964221","https://openalex.org/W2109574134","https://openalex.org/W2110768778","https://openalex.org/W2111398797","https://openalex.org/W2112165124","https://openalex.org/W2113012066","https://openalex.org/W2115396398","https://openalex.org/W2116135717","https://openalex.org/W2116859976","https://openalex.org/W2116949788","https://openalex.org/W2118108707","https://openalex.org/W2119260372","https://openalex.org/W2119301665","https://openalex.org/W2120238028","https://openalex.org/W2122894564","https://openalex.org/W2123070407","https://openalex.org/W2124851812","https://openalex.org/W2125245194","https://openalex.org/W2125562121","https://openalex.org/W2126362284","https://openalex.org/W2127235770","https://openalex.org/W2127818820","https://openalex.org/W2128514970","https://openalex.org/W2128922463","https://openalex.org/W2129404804","https://openalex.org/W2129719333","https://openalex.org/W2130355701","https://openalex.org/W2131209622","https://openalex.org/W2131387237","https://openalex.org/W2132153296","https://openalex.org/W2132344128","https://openalex.org/W2132499228","https://openalex.org/W2132659484","https://openalex.org/W2132724157","https://openalex.org/W2134402139","https://openalex.org/W2135257479","https://openalex.org/W2135277857","https://openalex.org/W2135604880","https://openalex.org/W2135900660","https://openalex.org/W2136514536","https://openalex.org/W2136563961","https://openalex.org/W2136929946","https://openalex.org/W2137093610","https://openalex.org/W2138553169","https://openalex.org/W2138831654","https://openalex.org/W2139966292","https://openalex.org/W2140786499","https://openalex.org/W2141185335","https://openalex.org/W2141754895","https://openalex.org/W2142846397","https://openalex.org/W2144276354","https://openalex.org/W2144469764","https://openalex.org/W2144946000","https://openalex.org/W2145185401","https://openalex.org/W2145657433","https://openalex.org/W2146056513","https://openalex.org/W2146057830","https://openalex.org/W2146802292","https://openalex.org/W2147062889","https://openalex.org/W2147273136","https://openalex.org/W2148186809","https://openalex.org/W2148353419","https://openalex.org/W2149745630","https://openalex.org/W2150774332","https://openalex.org/W2152317140","https://openalex.org/W2152674393","https://openalex.org/W2155510219","https://openalex.org/W2155727348","https://openalex.org/W2157122405","https://openalex.org/W2157725061","https://openalex.org/W2157759455","https://openalex.org/W2158090607","https://openalex.org/W2158776055","https://openalex.org/W2159504924","https://openalex.org/W2160209036","https://openalex.org/W2160283013","https://openalex.org/W2162017609","https://openalex.org/W2162705189","https://openalex.org/W2162805982","https://openalex.org/W2163119289","https://openalex.org/W2164146178","https://openalex.org/W2164556363","https://openalex.org/W2164721910","https://openalex.org/W2165673940","https://openalex.org/W2167077211","https://openalex.org/W2167169686","https://openalex.org/W2167783910","https://openalex.org/W2167975586","https://openalex.org/W2168406554","https://openalex.org/W2168709334","https://openalex.org/W2170305804","https://openalex.org/W2171548752","https://openalex.org/W2171928025","https://openalex.org/W2177122475","https://openalex.org/W2181302210","https://openalex.org/W2275079045","https://openalex.org/W2313649737","https://openalex.org/W2318222824","https://openalex.org/W2325038063","https://openalex.org/W2326826867","https://openalex.org/W2334847386","https://openalex.org/W2466466463","https://openalex.org/W2466701513","https://openalex.org/W2470645784","https://openalex.org/W2916040650"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2499770932","https://openalex.org/W2885980580","https://openalex.org/W866761837","https://openalex.org/W2171753008","https://openalex.org/W7018222219","https://openalex.org/W2785135794","https://openalex.org/W2145314569","https://openalex.org/W2045724469","https://openalex.org/W2042140830","https://openalex.org/W2151475427"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,24],"thesis":[1],"explores":[2],"the":[3,64,81,100,105,150,203,214,261],"use":[4],"of":[5,22,35,66,83,144,157,205,216,267],"early":[6,127,145,252],"MRI":[7,48,58,85,106,146,194,237,253],"in":[8,12,28,87,93,112,118,124,149,275,284],"prognosis":[9],"and":[10,40,42,46,54,76,92,131,139,163,187,207,210,222,258,271,281],"diagnosis":[11,257],"patients":[13,263],"presenting":[14],"with":[15,47,136,161,174],"a":[16,29,94,170,247],"clinically":[17,45,67],"isolated":[18],"syndrome":[19],"(CIS)":[20],"characteristic":[21,121],"demyelination.":[23],"has":[25],"been":[26],"investigated":[27,148],"cohort":[30,91,159],"recruited":[31],"within":[32],"3":[33,51,229],"months":[34],"CIS":[36,90,96,262],"onset":[37],"between":[38],"1995":[39],"2004":[41],"followed":[43],"up":[44],"(planned":[49],"at":[50,190,219,228,264],"months,":[52],"1,3":[53],"5":[55,191,220],"years).":[56],"\\nCurrent":[57],"criteria":[59,86,107],"are":[60,77],"highly":[61],"specific":[62],"for":[63],"development":[65],"definite":[68],"multiple":[69],"sclerosis":[70],"(CDMS)":[71],"but":[72,120],"have":[73,166],"limited":[74],"sensitivity":[75,138],"complex.":[78],"Presented":[79],"is":[80,172],"evaluation":[82],"simplified":[84,110],"my":[88,158],"London":[89],"multicentre":[95],"cohort.":[97],"Results":[98],"from":[99],"presented":[101,160],"studies":[102,165],"show":[103],"that":[104,168],"can":[108,255,277],"be":[109],"(dissemination":[111],"space:":[113],"2":[114],"or":[115,243],"more":[116,175],"lesions":[117,201,212],"separate":[119],"locations,":[122],"dissemination":[123],"time:":[125],"an":[126],"new":[128],"T2":[129,226],"lesion)":[130],"still":[132],"maintain":[133],"high":[134],"specificity,":[135],"improved":[137],"accuracy.":[140],"\\nThe":[141],"prognostic":[142,249],"role":[143],"was":[147],"optic":[151],"neuritis":[152],"(ON)":[153],"subgroup,":[154],"as":[155],"80%":[156],"ON":[162],"some":[164],"suggested":[167],"such":[169],"presentation":[171],"associated":[173],"benign":[176],"disease.":[177],"Whereas":[178],"baseline":[179,197],"lesion":[180,198,223,227],"number":[181],"significantly":[182],"predicted":[183],"conversion":[184,268],"to":[185,269],"CDMS":[186,206,270],"increased":[188],"disability":[189,218],"years,":[192],"other":[193],"parameters,":[195],"namely":[196],"location":[199],"(periventricular":[200],"increasing":[202,213],"hazard":[204],"spinal":[208],"cord":[209],"infratentorial":[211],"odds":[215],"greater":[217],"years)":[221],"activity":[224],"(new":[225],"month":[230],"follow-up),":[231],"were":[232],"stronger":[233],"predictors.":[234],"No":[235],"non-conventional":[236],"parameters":[238],"(spectroscopy,":[239],"magnetisation":[240],"transfer":[241],"ratio":[242],"atrophy":[244],"measures)":[245],"had":[246],"significant":[248],"role.":[250],"\\nOverall":[251],"findings":[254],"aid":[256],"help":[259,278],"identify":[260],"greatest":[265],"risk":[266],"subsequent":[272],"disability,":[273],"which":[274],"turn":[276],"direct":[279],"treatment":[280],"clinical":[282],"follow-up":[283],"specialist":[285],"MS":[286],"clinics.":[287]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
