{"id":"https://openalex.org/W82156437","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.51-2196","title":"Tower of Basel: the shadowy history of the secret bank that runs the world","display_name":"Tower of Basel: the shadowy history of the secret bank that runs the world","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-11-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W82156437","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.51-2196","mag":"82156437"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5860/choice.51-2196","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.51-2196","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.51-2196","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764375719","display_name":"Choice Reviews Online","issn_l":"0009-4978","issn":["0009-4978","1523-8253","1943-5975"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316146","host_organization_name":"Association of College and Research Libraries","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316146","https://openalex.org/P4310315903"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association of College and Research Libraries","American Library Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Choice Reviews Online","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"book-review","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":52,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"51","issue":"04","first_page":"51","last_page":"2196"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13074","display_name":"Global Financial Regulation and Crises","score":0.4284999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13074","display_name":"Global Financial Regulation and Crises","score":0.4284999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10503","display_name":"Global Financial Crisis and Policies","score":0.39089998602867126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10127","display_name":"Banking stability, regulation, efficiency","score":0.02199999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bank-for-international-settlements","display_name":"Bank for International Settlements","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-banking","display_name":"international banking","score":0.4410000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/central-banking","display_name":"central banking","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-financial-architecture","display_name":"international financial architecture","score":0.5339999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-regulation","display_name":"financial regulation","score":0.6309999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reichsbank","display_name":"Reichsbank","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/european-monetary-integration","display_name":"European monetary integration","score":0.5139999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/euro","display_name":"euro","score":0.4830000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-monetary-system","display_name":"international monetary system","score":0.5109999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-crises","display_name":"financial crisis","score":0.4339999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tax-havens","display_name":"tax havens","score":0.3799999952316284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777831296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12518","display_name":"Tower","level":2,"score":0.5378695130348206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.3247954845428467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.20160943269729614}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5860/choice.51-2196","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.51-2196","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.51-2196","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764375719","display_name":"Choice Reviews Online","issn_l":"0009-4978","issn":["0009-4978","1523-8253","1943-5975"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316146","host_organization_name":"Association of College and Research Libraries","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316146","https://openalex.org/P4310315903"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association of College and Research Libraries","American Library Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Choice Reviews Online","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.47999998927116394,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2944447544","https://openalex.org/W7098888949","https://openalex.org/W2462783146","https://openalex.org/W4241718005","https://openalex.org/W326759165","https://openalex.org/W4399225901","https://openalex.org/W3123731736","https://openalex.org/W2793081572","https://openalex.org/W4412912278","https://openalex.org/W3202496071"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Tower":[0],"of":[1,8,39,48,51,63,69,85,88,111,141,156,217,256,267,291,305],"Basel":[2,64],"is":[3,118],"the":[4,9,25,36,40,49,66,70,76,83,86,91,101,109,126,149,154,167,173,180,195,202,205,215,223,226,230,237,242,250,254,257,265,284,288,300,306,311,315],"first":[5,243],"investigative":[6],"history":[7,304],"world's":[10],"most":[11],"secretive":[12],"global":[13,157,273],"financial":[14,274,289,301],"institution.":[15],"Based":[16],"on":[17],"extensive":[18],"archival":[19],"research":[20],"in":[21,93,144,249,259,299],"Switzerland,":[22],"Britain,":[23],"and":[24,28,53,61,90,95,103,197,204,233,275,302,309],"United":[26],"States,":[27],"in-depth":[29],"interviews":[30],"with":[31],"key":[32],"decision-makers--including":[33],"Paul":[34],"Volcker,":[35],"former":[37,54],"chairman":[38],"US":[41],"Federal":[42],"Reserve;":[43],"Sir":[44],"Mervyn":[45],"King,":[46],"governor":[47],"Bank":[50,56,71,87],"England;":[52],"senior":[55],"for":[57,72,177,194,236],"International":[58,73],"Settlements":[59,74],"managers":[60],"officials--Tower":[62],"tells":[65],"inside":[67],"story":[68],"(BIS):":[75],"central":[77],"bankers'":[78],"own":[79],"bank.":[80],"Created":[81],"by":[82,97,200],"governors":[84],"England":[89],"Reichsbank":[92],"1930,":[94],"protected":[96],"an":[98],"international":[99,218],"treaty,":[100],"BIS":[102,132,174,185,316],"its":[104,129,147,296],"assets":[105],"are":[106],"legally":[107],"beyond":[108],"reach":[110],"any":[112],"government":[113],"or":[114,128],"jurisdiction.":[115],"The":[116,131,184],"bank":[117,127,150],"untouchable.":[119],"Swiss":[120],"authorities":[121],"have":[122],"no":[123],"jurisdiction":[124],"over":[125],"premises.":[130],"has":[133,151,160,283,317],"just":[134],"140":[135],"customers":[136],"but":[137,159],"made":[138],"tax-free":[139],"profits":[140],"$1.17":[142],"billion":[143],"2011--2012.":[145],"Since":[146],"creation,":[148],"been":[152],"at":[153,264],"heart":[155],"events":[158],"often":[161],"gone":[162],"unnoticed.":[163],"Under":[164],"Thomas":[165],"McKittrick,":[166],"bank's":[168],"American":[169],"president":[170],"from":[171,241],"1940--1946,":[172],"was":[175,198],"open":[176],"business":[178],"throughout":[179],"Second":[181],"World":[182],"War.":[183],"accepted":[186],"looted":[187],"Nazi":[188],"gold,":[189],"conducted":[190],"foreign":[191],"exchange":[192,247],"deals":[193],"Reichsbank,":[196],"used":[199],"both":[201],"Allies":[203],"Axis":[206],"powers":[207],"as":[208],"a":[209,271],"secret":[210],"contact":[211],"point":[212],"to":[213,245,253,269,286],"keep":[214],"channels":[216],"finance":[219],"open.":[220],"After":[221],"1945":[222],"BIS--still":[224],"behind":[225],"scenes--for":[227],"decades":[228],"provided":[229],"necessary":[231],"technical":[232],"administrative":[234],"support":[235],"trans-European":[238],"currency":[239],"project,":[240],"attempts":[244],"harmonize":[246],"rates":[248],"late":[251],"1940s":[252],"launch":[255],"Euro":[258],"2002.":[260],"It":[261],"now":[262],"stands":[263],"center":[266],"efforts":[268],"build":[270],"new":[272],"regulatory":[276],"architecture,":[277],"once":[278],"again":[279],"proving":[280],"that":[281],"it":[282],"power":[285],"shape":[287],"rules":[290],"our":[292],"world.":[293],"Yet":[294],"despite":[295],"pivotal":[297],"role":[298],"political":[303],"last":[307],"century":[308],"during":[310],"economic":[312],"current":[313],"crisis,":[314],"remained":[318],"largely":[319],"unknown--until":[320],"now.":[321]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
