{"id":"https://openalex.org/W82139725","doi":null,"title":"The elusive self: A meta-analytic review of the self-reference effect literature","display_name":"The elusive self: A meta-analytic review of the self-reference effect literature","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W82139725","mag":"82139725"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:surface.syr.edu:psy_etd-1103","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://libezproxy.syr.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=746273531&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=3739&RQT=309&VName=PQD","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401700","display_name":"Syracuse University Libraries (Syracuse University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I70983195","host_organization_name":"Syracuse University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70983195"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Psychology - Dissertations","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008074542","display_name":"Cynthia S. Symons","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Cynthia S. Symons","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008074542"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00934934,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10918","display_name":"Memory Processes and Influences","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10918","display_name":"Memory Processes and Influences","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11983","display_name":"Identity, Memory, and Therapy","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13471","display_name":"Cognitive Functions and Memory","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-reference-effect","display_name":"self-reference effect","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-encoding","display_name":"semantic encoding","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-memory","display_name":"word memory","score":0.6019999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-knowledge","display_name":"self-knowledge","score":0.39500001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/effect-size","display_name":"effect size","score":0.44999998807907104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.42308205366134644}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:surface.syr.edu:psy_etd-1103","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://libezproxy.syr.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=746273531&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=3739&RQT=309&VName=PQD","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401700","display_name":"Syracuse University Libraries (Syracuse University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I70983195","host_organization_name":"Syracuse University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70983195"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Psychology - Dissertations","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:82139725","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://surface.syr.edu/psy_etd/101/","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic Review"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/meta-analysis","display_name":"Meta-Analysis"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7095475981","https://openalex.org/W2167106897","https://openalex.org/W1990978249","https://openalex.org/W2021165517","https://openalex.org/W7207844454","https://openalex.org/W2110637200","https://openalex.org/W2611270920","https://openalex.org/W2222643519","https://openalex.org/W1541436377","https://openalex.org/W2037659173"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"self-reference":[1,172,176,242,279],"effect":[2,122,144,184],"(SRE)":[3],"refers":[4],"to":[5,17,24,60,106,115,130,133,137,189,212,253],"the":[6,42,76,90,117,120,139,151,190,194,236,249,261,276,307,310,313],"superior":[7],"recall":[8,25,100],"that":[9,89,98,169,197,209,226,240,274,278,290,292],"subjects":[10],"exhibit":[11],"when":[12,125],"they":[13],"relate":[14],"stimulus":[15,102],"items":[16],"themselves":[18],"in":[19,163,257,306],"an":[20,62,183,221],"encoding":[21,31,82,127,195],"task,":[22],"compared":[23,129],"obtained":[26,124,231],"with":[27,79],"semantic":[28,131,178,244,296],"or":[29,64,175,216],"other-referent":[30,134],"(Rogers,":[32],"Kuiper,":[33],"&":[34,51],"Kirker,":[35],"1977).":[36],"Numerous":[37],"research":[38],"efforts":[39],"have":[40,58,65,87,213],"replicated":[41],"SRE":[43,206,250,314],"under":[44,68,141],"various":[45],"conditions":[46,67],"(e.g.,":[47],"Kendzierski,":[48],"1980;":[49],"Klein":[50],"Kihlstrom,":[52],"1986),":[53],"however,":[54],"many":[55],"other":[56,294],"studies":[57,168,225,239],"failed":[59],"obtain":[61],"SRE,":[63],"demonstrated":[66],"which":[69,80,142],"it":[70],"can":[71],"be":[72],"reversed.":[73],"Because":[74],"of":[75,101,119,150,166,248,266,272,288,312],"seeming":[77],"elusiveness":[78],"self-referent":[81,126],"enhances":[83],"recall,":[84],"several":[85],"researchers":[86],"concluded":[88],"self":[91],"is":[92,128],"not":[93],"a":[94,112,164,285],"special":[95],"memory":[96,191,282],"structure":[97],"facilitates":[99],"words.":[103],"In":[104],"order":[105],"test":[107],"this":[108,143],"view,":[109],"I":[110],"performed":[111],"quantitative":[113],"review":[114],"determine":[116,138],"magnitude":[118],"average":[121,237],"size":[123,145,185],"and":[132,136,159,284,295,304],"encoding,":[135],"circumstances":[140],"varies.":[146],"A":[147],"thorough":[148],"search":[149],"literature":[152,308],"using":[153],"computerized":[154],"data":[155],"bases,":[156],"secondary":[157],"searches":[158],"personal":[160],"correspondence":[161],"resulted":[162],"sample":[165],"127":[167],"manipulated":[170,227,241],"either":[171],"versus":[173,177,229,243],"other-reference,":[174],"processing.":[179],"For":[180],"each":[181],"study,":[182],"was":[186,202],"calculated":[187],"corresponding":[188],"difference":[192],"between":[193],"tasks":[196],"were":[198,210,251],"manipulated.":[199],"Each":[200],"study":[201,207,258],"also":[203,316],"coded":[204],"for":[205],"characteristics":[208],"hypothesized":[211],"important":[214],"theoretical":[215],"descriptive":[217],"significance.":[218],"Results":[219,265],"revealed":[220],"overall":[222],"SRE.":[223],"Moreover,":[224],"self-":[228],"other-reference":[230],"significantly":[232],"smaller":[233],"SREs":[234],"on":[235],"than":[238],"encoding.":[245],"Important":[246],"moderators":[247],"investigated":[252],"explain":[254],"within-class":[255],"variation":[256],"outcomes":[259],"within":[260],"two":[262],"manipulation":[263],"classes.":[264],"these":[267],"analyses":[268],"suggest":[269],"one":[270],"set":[271,287],"findings":[273,289],"supports":[275],"contention":[277],"involves":[280],"ordinary":[281],"processes,":[283],"second":[286],"suggests":[291],"self,":[293],"representations":[297],"may":[298],"involve":[299],"distinct":[300],"processes.":[301],"Theoretical":[302],"explanations":[303],"debates":[305],"about":[309],"causes":[311],"are":[315],"discussed.":[317]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-27T08:07:27.782135","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}