{"id":"https://openalex.org/W81911340","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203392584","title":"IMF Lending to Developing Countries","display_name":"IMF Lending to Developing Countries","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-09-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W81911340","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203392584","mag":"81911340"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4324/9780203392584","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203392584","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203392584","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463855","display_name":"Routledge eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319847","host_organization_name":"Routledge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319847","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Routledge","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"book"},"volume":null,"type":"book","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105515958","display_name":"Graham Bird","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1089-8435","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1089-8435"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Graham Bird","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5105515958"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.7243,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":118,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97971014,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11168","display_name":"International Development and Aid","score":0.7681000232696533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3303","display_name":"Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11168","display_name":"International Development and Aid","score":0.7681000232696533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3303","display_name":"Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10503","display_name":"Global Financial Crisis and Policies","score":0.22519999742507935,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14112","display_name":"Economic, financial, and policy analysis","score":0.00430000014603138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-monetary-fund","display_name":"International Monetary Fund","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imf-lending","display_name":"IMF lending","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developing-countries","display_name":"developing countries","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-adjustment-programmes","display_name":"structural adjustment programs","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conditional-lending","display_name":"conditional lending","score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-policy-reform","display_name":"economic policy reform","score":0.6129999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poverty","display_name":"poverty","score":0.6340000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imf-reform","display_name":"IMF reform","score":0.6019999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-financial-system","display_name":"global financial system","score":0.460999995470047}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4545537233352661}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4324/9780203392584","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203392584","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203392584","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463855","display_name":"Routledge eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319847","host_organization_name":"Routledge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319847","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Routledge","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"book"},{"id":"mag:81911340","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://openlibrary.org/books/OL1121211M/IMF_lending_to_developing_countries","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.75}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W35089035","https://openalex.org/W2117257288","https://openalex.org/W2062737204","https://openalex.org/W4206441112","https://openalex.org/W949381801","https://openalex.org/W4415056358","https://openalex.org/W4252407162","https://openalex.org/W2162367414","https://openalex.org/W2914628644","https://openalex.org/W7098922597"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"the":[1,4,8,13,36,56,58,76,79,89],"linchpin":[2],"of":[3,15,61,81,91],"global":[5],"financial":[6],"system,":[7],"International":[9],"Monetary":[10],"Fund":[11,37,82],"provides":[12],"balance":[14],"payments":[16],"support,":[17],"chiefly":[18],"to":[19,29],"developing":[20],"countries,":[21],"conditional":[22],"on":[23,51,88],"strict":[24],"remedial":[25],"policy":[26,30],"measures.Its":[27],"approach":[28],"remains":[31],"highly":[32],"controversial,":[33],"however.":[34],"While":[35],"claims":[38],"it":[39],"has":[40],"adapted,":[41],"critics":[42],"allege":[43],"its":[44,62,96],"policies":[45],"are":[46],"harshly":[47],"doctrinaire,":[48],"imposing":[49],"hardships":[50],"already":[52],"poverty-stricken":[53],"people.":[54],"For":[55],"critics,":[57],"half":[59],"century":[60],"existence":[63],"is":[64,72],"`fifty":[65],"years":[66],"too":[67],"long'":[68],"and":[69,94],"radical":[70],"change":[71],"essential.This":[73],"book":[74],"examines":[75],"arguments,":[77],"tracing":[78],"extent":[80],"adaption,":[83],"presenting":[84],"major":[85],"new":[86],"evidence":[87],"consequences":[90],"fund":[92],"programes,":[93],"considering":[95],"future":[97],"role.":[98]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
