{"id":"https://openalex.org/W81851725","doi":null,"title":"The effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and statins on the progression of aortic sclerosis and mortality.","display_name":"The effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and statins on the progression of aortic sclerosis and mortality.","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W81851725","mag":"81851725","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22808835","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4182019"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:22808835","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22808835","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of heart valve disease","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4182019","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019735541","display_name":"Reza Ardehali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1318-4016","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1318-4016"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reza Ardehali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Cardiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1760, USA. rardehali@mednet.ucla.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Cardiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1760, USA. rardehali@mednet.ucla.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038904980","display_name":"Nicholas James Leeper","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0905-2806","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0905-2806"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas J Leeper","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080817425","display_name":"Andrew Wilson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6367-0621","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6367-0621"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew M Wilson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029257839","display_name":"Paul A. Heidenreich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7730-8490","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7730-8490"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul A Heidenreich","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.651,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8496603,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"3","first_page":"337","last_page":"43"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10172","display_name":"Cardiac Valve Diseases and Treatments","score":0.9746000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10172","display_name":"Cardiac Valve Diseases and Treatments","score":0.9746000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10618","display_name":"Aortic Disease and Treatment Approaches","score":0.005900000222027302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10924","display_name":"Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention","score":0.0019000000320374966,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aortic-valve-sclerosis","display_name":"aortic valve sclerosis","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aortic-stenosis-progression","display_name":"aortic stenosis progression","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ace-inhibitors","display_name":"ACE inhibitors","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/angiotensin-receptor-blockers","display_name":"angiotensin receptor blockers","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statins","display_name":"statins","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mortality","display_name":"mortality","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/congestive-heart-failure","display_name":"congestive heart failure","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transthoracic-echocardiography","display_name":"transthoracic echocardiography","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aortic-valve-calcification","display_name":"aortic valve calcification","score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypertension","display_name":"hypertension","score":0.375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"diabetes mellitus","score":0.367000013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peripheral-arterial-disease","display_name":"peripheral arterial disease","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiovascular-risk-factors","display_name":"cardiovascular risk factors","score":0.46799999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antihypertensive-therapy","display_name":"antihypertensive therapy","score":0.6669999957084656}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9435657858848572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.7269704937934875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.701841413974762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778213512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844935","display_name":"Coronary artery disease","level":2,"score":0.5782779455184937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780714102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q616071","display_name":"Aortic valve","level":2,"score":0.4751189351081848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779537366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7920323","display_name":"Ventricular remodeling","level":3,"score":0.45705199241638184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780007028","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2343082","display_name":"Stenosis","level":2,"score":0.42830905318260193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778198053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181754","display_name":"Heart failure","level":2,"score":0.18752366304397583}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000806","descriptor_name":"Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001018","descriptor_name":"Aortic Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001018","descriptor_name":"Aortic Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001018","descriptor_name":"Aortic Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001018","descriptor_name":"Aortic Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001024","descriptor_name":"Aortic Valve Stenosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001024","descriptor_name":"Aortic Valve Stenosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001024","descriptor_name":"Aortic Valve Stenosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002908","descriptor_name":"Chronic Disease","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004452","descriptor_name":"Echocardiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006439","descriptor_name":"Hemodynamics","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012720","descriptor_name":"Severity of Illness Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015897","descriptor_name":"Comorbidity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016896","descriptor_name":"Treatment Outcome","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018450","descriptor_name":"Disease Progression","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019057","descriptor_name":"Quality-Adjusted Life Years","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019161","descriptor_name":"Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D050197","descriptor_name":"Atherosclerosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D050197","descriptor_name":"Atherosclerosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D050197","descriptor_name":"Atherosclerosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D050197","descriptor_name":"Atherosclerosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055502","descriptor_name":"Secondary Prevention","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057911","descriptor_name":"Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:22808835","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22808835","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of heart valve disease","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:3157073","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4182019","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4182019","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4182019/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Heart Valve Dis","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"mag:81851725","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22808835","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:3157073","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4182019","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6331059891","display_name":"Stanford Career Development in Vascular Medicine","funder_award_id":"K12HL087746","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","funder_display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/012pb6c26"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W199420291","https://openalex.org/W1507413178","https://openalex.org/W1978375270","https://openalex.org/W2004943709","https://openalex.org/W2007320747","https://openalex.org/W2009992710","https://openalex.org/W2036704593","https://openalex.org/W2036706643","https://openalex.org/W2043353709","https://openalex.org/W2048919425","https://openalex.org/W2063982755","https://openalex.org/W2071329904","https://openalex.org/W2082385280","https://openalex.org/W2117330772","https://openalex.org/W2122601000","https://openalex.org/W2126870263","https://openalex.org/W2136497132","https://openalex.org/W2138402059","https://openalex.org/W2140233920","https://openalex.org/W2140976010","https://openalex.org/W2145893638","https://openalex.org/W2160632456","https://openalex.org/W2167045683","https://openalex.org/W2247997571","https://openalex.org/W2305118939","https://openalex.org/W2320913451"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W171849049","https://openalex.org/W2090140846","https://openalex.org/W2106679077","https://openalex.org/W2048919425","https://openalex.org/W2396622348","https://openalex.org/W2080493013","https://openalex.org/W94128510","https://openalex.org/W2039068656","https://openalex.org/W2905675687","https://openalex.org/W2411447119"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND":[0],"AND":[1],"AIM":[2],"OF":[3],"THE":[4],"STUDY:":[5],"Although":[6],"aortic":[7,31,74,159],"sclerosis":[8,75,160],"has":[9,22],"been":[10,23],"associated":[11,54,206],"with":[12,41,55,71,85,98,105,158,164,189,194,203,207,307,329],"an":[13,56,165],"increase":[14],"in":[15,58,211,261,265,314],"adverse":[16],"cardiovascular":[17],"outcomes,":[18],"no":[19],"proven":[20],"therapy":[21],"shown":[24],"to":[25,29,125,133,150,187,247,296,310,321],"slow":[26],"its":[27],"progression":[28,132,246,295,320],"overt":[30],"stenosis":[32],"(AS).":[33],"Thus,":[34],"the":[35,59,123,151,287,319],"hypothesis":[36],"was":[37,95,205,298,325],"assessed":[38,147],"that":[39,324],"treatment":[40,202,259],"angiotensin-converting":[42],"enzyme":[43],"inhibitors":[44],"(ACE-Is),":[45],"angiotensin":[46],"receptor":[47],"blockers":[48],"(ARBs)":[49],"or":[50,83,91,107,128,167],"statins":[51,108,204,308],"may":[52],"be":[53],"improvement":[57],"clinical":[60],"outcome":[61],"of":[62,68,73,115,303],"these":[63,195],"patients.":[64],"METHODS:":[65],"A":[66],"total":[67],"4,105":[69],"patients":[70,157],"evidence":[72],"seen":[76],"on":[77],"transthoracic":[78],"echocardiography":[79],"(defined":[80],"as":[81,176],"thickening":[82],"calcification":[84],"a":[86,99,112,168,208,262,311],"mean":[87,113],"valve":[88,101],"gradient":[89],"<":[90],"=":[92,221,232,243,255,275,285],"15":[93],"mmHg)":[94],"identified.":[96],"Patients":[97],"sclerotic":[100,190],"who":[102,161],"were":[103,109,146,162],"treated":[104,163,193],"ACE-Is/ARBs":[106,127],"followed":[110],"for":[111,122,136,199,224,235,267],"period":[114],"1,078":[116],"+/-":[117],"615":[118],"days.":[119],"After":[120,197],"adjustment":[121,198],"propensity":[124],"receive":[126],"statins,":[129],"mortality,":[130],"hemodynamic":[131],"AS,":[134],"hospitalization":[135],"ischemic":[137],"heart":[138,143],"disease":[139],"(IHD),":[140],"and":[141,148,181,245,277,293,316],"congestive":[142],"failure":[144],"(CHF)":[145],"related":[149],"medical":[152],"treatment.":[153,331],"RESULTS:":[154],"At":[155],"baseline,":[156],"ACE-I/ARB":[166],"statin":[169],"suffered":[170],"significantly":[171],"more":[172],"from":[173],"comorbidities":[174],"such":[175],"IHD,":[177],"CHF,":[178],"hypertension,":[179],"diabetes,":[180],"peripheral":[182],"arterial":[183],"disease,":[184],"when":[185],"compared":[186],"subjects":[188],"valves":[191],"not":[192,299,326],"drugs.":[196],"confounding":[200],"factors,":[201],"significant":[209,263,312,328],"reduction":[210,264,313],"mortality":[212,292,315],"(odds":[213],"ratio":[214],"[OR]":[215],"0.73,":[216],"95%":[217,228,239,251,271,281],"CI":[218,229,240,252,272,282],"0.56-0.98,":[219],"p":[220,231,242,254,274,284],"0.001),":[222],"admission":[223,234,266],"IHD":[225,268],"(OR":[226,237,249,269,279],"0.81,":[227],"0.66-0.99,":[230],"0.03),":[233],"CHF":[236,278],"0.68,":[238],"0.55-0.85,":[241],"0.01)":[244],"AS":[248,297],"0.64,":[250],"0.42-0.97,":[253],"0.03).":[256],"While":[257],"ACE-I":[258,330],"resulted":[260],"0.80,":[270],"0.65-0.98,":[273],"0.03)":[276],"0.76,":[280],"0.62-0.94,":[283],"0.01),":[286],"beneficial":[288],"trend":[289],"towards":[290],"reduced":[291],"delayed":[294],"significant.":[300],"CONCLUSION:":[301],"Treatment":[302],"this":[304],"patient":[305],"population":[306],"led":[309],"also":[317],"slowed":[318],"AS--an":[322],"effect":[323],"statistically":[327]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}