{"id":"https://openalex.org/W818155873","doi":null,"title":"Development and Validation of an Scale to Measure Flow in Massive Multiplayer Online Role Playing Game","display_name":"Development and Validation of an Scale to Measure Flow in Massive Multiplayer Online Role Playing Game","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W818155873","mag":"818155873"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2255282113","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.dbpia.co.kr/Journal/ArticleDetail/NODE06527827","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2913924626","display_name":"Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information","issn_l":"1598-849X","issn":["1598-849X","2383-9945"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["kci-registered"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322632795","host_organization_name":"Korean Society of Computer Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322632795"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Korean Society of Computer Information"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"\ud55c\uad6d\ucef4\ud4e8\ud130\uc815\ubcf4\ud559\ud68c\ub17c\ubb38\uc9c0","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058468834","display_name":"\uc815\ubbf8\uacbd","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\uc815\ubbf8\uacbd","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071096369","display_name":"Myung-Geun Lee","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\uc774\uba85\uadfc","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047478762","display_name":"Kim Sung Wan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\uae40\uc131\uc644","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"2","first_page":"59","last_page":"68"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.5630000233650208,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.5630000233650208,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13353","display_name":"Flow Experience in Various Fields","score":0.4332999885082245,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11197","display_name":"Digital Games and Media","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow-experience","display_name":"flow experience","score":0.6200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/massive-multiplayer-online-role-playing-games","display_name":"massive multiplayer online role-playing games","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-games","display_name":"game-based learning","score":0.5630000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale-development","display_name":"scale development","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale-validation","display_name":"scale validation","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elementary-school-students","display_name":"elementary school students","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/english-language-learning","display_name":"English language learning","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instructional-design","display_name":"instructional design","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teaching-environment","display_name":"teaching environment","score":0.6940000057220459}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40722632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5160137","display_name":"Confirmatory factor analysis","level":3,"score":0.8185951113700867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165957694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421350","display_name":"Exploratory factor analysis","level":3,"score":0.7015678882598877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.6614269018173218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.6225590705871582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5928894281387329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.49698546528816223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.49024325609207153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781039887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1391724","display_name":"Factor (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4408862590789795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.42144298553466797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018868096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2693233","display_name":"Internal consistency","level":3,"score":0.41661351919174194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71104824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476639","display_name":"Structural equation modeling","level":2,"score":0.41048139333724976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.3575892150402069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171606756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506132","display_name":"Psychometrics","level":2,"score":0.20517069101333618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.1189059317111969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.11008161306381226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.09889885783195496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2255282113","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.dbpia.co.kr/Journal/ArticleDetail/NODE06527827","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2913924626","display_name":"Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information","issn_l":"1598-849X","issn":["1598-849X","2383-9945"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["kci-registered"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322632795","host_organization_name":"Korean Society of Computer Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322632795"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Korean Society of Computer Information"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"\ud55c\uad6d\ucef4\ud4e8\ud130\uc815\ubcf4\ud559\ud68c\ub17c\ubb38\uc9c0","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:818155873","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://journal.kci.go.kr/jksci/archive/articleView?artiId=ART001323795","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2913924626","display_name":"Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information","issn_l":"1598-849X","issn":["1598-849X","2383-9945"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["kci-registered"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322632795","host_organization_name":"Korean Society of Computer Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322632795"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Korean Society of Computer Information"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.9235000014305115,"display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2784298261","https://openalex.org/W2255282113","https://openalex.org/W4285317652","https://openalex.org/W2064284462","https://openalex.org/W2620821901","https://openalex.org/W4200536531","https://openalex.org/W2910207007","https://openalex.org/W2259335157","https://openalex.org/W4407177798","https://openalex.org/W2388028058"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"aims":[2],"to":[3,11,17,89,220],"explore":[4],"the":[5,19,94,98,102,137,175,188,192,202,206,213,218],"factors":[6,34,164],"of":[7,31,51,152,168,205,209,217],"learner's":[8,48,140,149,222],"flow":[9,20,92,141,223],"and":[10,13,58,61,113,159,215],"develop":[12],"validate":[14],"a":[15,69,83],"scale":[16,219],"measure":[18,90,221],"in":[21,82,93,224],"Massive":[22],"Multiplayer":[23],"Online":[24],"Role":[25],"Playing":[26],"Game(MMORPG)":[27],"for":[28,54,86,155],"education.":[29],"First":[30],"all,":[32],"potential":[33,41,99],"were":[35,117,142,165],"drawn":[36],"through":[37],"literature":[38],"review.":[39],"The":[40,119,182],"stage":[42],"comprises":[43],"6":[44],"factors(learner's":[45,146],"psychological":[46,147],"characteristics,":[47,148],"skill,":[49,150],"importance":[50,151],"game,":[52,153],"environment":[53,154],"learner,":[55,156],"instructional":[56,59,157,160],"design,":[57,158],"environment)":[60],"16":[62,169],"subfactors.":[63],"With":[64],"total":[65],"48":[66],"items":[67,125],"developed.":[68],"survey":[70],"was":[71],"carried":[72],"out":[73],"among":[74],"293":[75],"elementary":[76],"learners":[77],"who":[78],"had":[79,178],"been":[80],"participating":[81],"commercial":[84],"MMORPG":[85,95],"English":[87],"skills":[88],"their":[91],"by":[96,191],"utilizing":[97],"scale.":[100],"Using":[101],"responses":[103],"collected":[104],"from":[105],"288":[106],"respondents,":[107],"exploratory":[108],"factor":[109,115,121,184,194],"analysis,":[110,112],"reliability":[111,216],"confirmatory":[114,183],"analysis":[116,122,185],"performed.":[118],"expository":[120,193],"showed":[123,201],"that":[124,174],"within":[126],"each":[127],"sub-factors":[128],"could":[129],"be":[130],"bound":[131],"into":[132,144],"one":[133],"factor.":[134],"That":[135],"is,":[136],"variables":[138],"evaluating":[139],"divided":[143],"six":[145],"environment).":[161],"And":[162],"these":[163],"interpreted":[166],"consisting":[167],"sub-ones.":[170],"Reliability":[171],"estimates":[172],"indicated":[173],"evaluation":[176],"tool":[177],"good":[179,203],"internal":[180],"consistency.":[181],"did":[186],"confirm":[187],"model":[189],"suggested":[190],"analysis.":[195],"Over":[196],"fit":[197],"measures(CFI,":[198],"NFI,":[199],"NNFI)":[200],"suitability":[204],"model.":[207],"Findings":[208],"this":[210],"study":[211],"confirmed":[212],"validity":[214],"MMORPG.":[225]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}