{"id":"https://openalex.org/W817334184","doi":null,"title":"Biomarkers of neoplastic transformation in canine spirocercosis","display_name":"Biomarkers of neoplastic transformation in canine spirocercosis","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-09-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W817334184","mag":"817334184"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.up.ac.za:2263/27998","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09172012-152036/","pdf_url":"http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09172012-152036/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401870","display_name":"UpSpace Institutional Repository (University of Pretoria)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I69552723","host_organization_name":"University of Pretoria","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09172012-152036/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078116328","display_name":"Eran Dvir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2130-3719","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2130-3719"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Eran Dvir","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2130-3719","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078116328"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11074","display_name":"Helminth infection and control","score":0.7519999742507935,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2405","display_name":"Parasitology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11074","display_name":"Helminth infection and control","score":0.7519999742507935,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2405","display_name":"Parasitology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11149","display_name":"Veterinary Oncology Research","score":0.211899995803833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3404","display_name":"Small Animals"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/34","display_name":"Veterinary"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10695","display_name":"Parasites and Host Interactions","score":0.007899999618530273,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2405","display_name":"Parasitology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spirocercosis","display_name":"spirocercosis","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spirocerca-lupi","display_name":"Spirocerca lupi","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oncogenic-transformation","display_name":"oncogenic transformation","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomarkers","display_name":"biomarkers","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypertrophic-osteoarthropathy","display_name":"hypertrophic osteoarthropathy","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/th1-th2-response","display_name":"Th1/Th2 immune response","score":0.6349999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foxp3-regulatory-t-cells","display_name":"Foxp3+ regulatory T cells","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunosuppression","display_name":"immunosuppression","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cytokines","display_name":"cytokines","score":0.503000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegf-a","display_name":"VEGF-A","score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fibroblast-growth-factor","display_name":"fibroblast growth factor","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/platelet-derived-growth-factor","display_name":"platelet-derived growth factor","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dogs","display_name":"dogs","score":0.5350000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinicopathological-features","display_name":"clinicopathological features","score":0.37299999594688416}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.6158888339996338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.5265764594078064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993273003","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637543","display_name":"Neoplastic transformation","level":4,"score":0.5195260643959045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3837515711784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.36122921109199524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3271808624267578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.1568424105644226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.10925918817520142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555283112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637543","display_name":"Carcinogenesis","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.up.ac.za:2263/27998","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09172012-152036/","pdf_url":"http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09172012-152036/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401870","display_name":"UpSpace Institutional Repository (University of Pretoria)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I69552723","host_organization_name":"University of Pretoria","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"mag:817334184","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.up.ac.za/handle/2263/27998","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.up.ac.za:2263/27998","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09172012-152036/","pdf_url":"http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09172012-152036/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401870","display_name":"UpSpace Institutional Repository (University of Pretoria)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I69552723","host_organization_name":"University of Pretoria","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9476000070571899,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311268","display_name":"Petplan Charitable Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/01qhvn038"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320692","display_name":"University of Pretoria","ror":"https://ror.org/00g0p6g84"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330609","display_name":"South African Veterinary Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/02bkp9390"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W817334184.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W817334184.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":128,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W39430327","https://openalex.org/W1494870272","https://openalex.org/W1499323592","https://openalex.org/W1510947002","https://openalex.org/W1518549789","https://openalex.org/W1553371349","https://openalex.org/W1574822285","https://openalex.org/W1952280850","https://openalex.org/W1964497712","https://openalex.org/W1965037168","https://openalex.org/W1969980017","https://openalex.org/W1971691423","https://openalex.org/W1975839407","https://openalex.org/W1981248896","https://openalex.org/W1982520318","https://openalex.org/W1982763171","https://openalex.org/W1983852663","https://openalex.org/W1983898984","https://openalex.org/W1984868735","https://openalex.org/W1987370660","https://openalex.org/W1987497352","https://openalex.org/W1992024049","https://openalex.org/W1993680934","https://openalex.org/W2000671339","https://openalex.org/W2001606361","https://openalex.org/W2007435072","https://openalex.org/W2008618756","https://openalex.org/W2008741356","https://openalex.org/W2009650104","https://openalex.org/W2010430022","https://openalex.org/W2011518109","https://openalex.org/W2016541161","https://openalex.org/W2020137777","https://openalex.org/W2021454776","https://openalex.org/W2026007337","https://openalex.org/W2027739313","https://openalex.org/W2028342551","https://openalex.org/W2028623897","https://openalex.org/W2032970843","https://openalex.org/W2034856313","https://openalex.org/W2038040423","https://openalex.org/W2038492249","https://openalex.org/W2039555676","https://openalex.org/W2042882341","https://openalex.org/W2043931154","https://openalex.org/W2044964976","https://openalex.org/W2047027176","https://openalex.org/W2048657818","https://openalex.org/W2049875896","https://openalex.org/W2049910239","https://openalex.org/W2050412839","https://openalex.org/W2052508124","https://openalex.org/W2054080213","https://openalex.org/W2055773606","https://openalex.org/W2056545996","https://openalex.org/W2059118163","https://openalex.org/W2060872878","https://openalex.org/W2064469194","https://openalex.org/W2064709435","https://openalex.org/W2067159278","https://openalex.org/W2068356016","https://openalex.org/W2069249077","https://openalex.org/W2070040521","https://openalex.org/W2080040601","https://openalex.org/W2081373597","https://openalex.org/W2083715072","https://openalex.org/W2085153098","https://openalex.org/W2088704237","https://openalex.org/W2090351514","https://openalex.org/W2090652692","https://openalex.org/W2092809667","https://openalex.org/W2097022666","https://openalex.org/W2098234838","https://openalex.org/W2098983864","https://openalex.org/W2102537478","https://openalex.org/W2103388008","https://openalex.org/W2104132283","https://openalex.org/W2105212262","https://openalex.org/W2106119616","https://openalex.org/W2108133718","https://openalex.org/W2110121929","https://openalex.org/W2110567472","https://openalex.org/W2111006735","https://openalex.org/W2114850139","https://openalex.org/W2116599555","https://openalex.org/W2121052443","https://openalex.org/W2122722532","https://openalex.org/W2124248840","https://openalex.org/W2125554291","https://openalex.org/W2130188603","https://openalex.org/W2133228003","https://openalex.org/W2133693188","https://openalex.org/W2136968305","https://openalex.org/W2138002048","https://openalex.org/W2138894818","https://openalex.org/W2140368744","https://openalex.org/W2143716030","https://openalex.org/W2144634568","https://openalex.org/W2145688907","https://openalex.org/W2146253552","https://openalex.org/W2148702138","https://openalex.org/W2149908540","https://openalex.org/W2150471880","https://openalex.org/W2150678612","https://openalex.org/W2150983033","https://openalex.org/W2158258331","https://openalex.org/W2158993429","https://openalex.org/W2160117150","https://openalex.org/W2162319187","https://openalex.org/W2162694742","https://openalex.org/W2163170023","https://openalex.org/W2166082235","https://openalex.org/W2166186332","https://openalex.org/W2167800808","https://openalex.org/W2169935273","https://openalex.org/W2170202550","https://openalex.org/W2187396355","https://openalex.org/W2230012859","https://openalex.org/W2296269271","https://openalex.org/W2302013982","https://openalex.org/W2338962045","https://openalex.org/W2416128450","https://openalex.org/W2463416050","https://openalex.org/W2496158065","https://openalex.org/W4213392770","https://openalex.org/W4319053585","https://openalex.org/W4409130367","https://openalex.org/W4409133695"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1484097015","https://openalex.org/W2039555676","https://openalex.org/W1983852663","https://openalex.org/W2170560468","https://openalex.org/W2746928742","https://openalex.org/W2988549735","https://openalex.org/W4407640343","https://openalex.org/W2768679541","https://openalex.org/W3122827470","https://openalex.org/W1146595151"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Spirocerca":[0],"lupi":[1],"is":[2,34,48,65,311,474,486],"a":[3,95,121,277,327,337,416,441,482,495],"nematode":[4,133],"that":[5,19,109,421,485],"infects":[6],"the":[7,12,59,62,83,99,102,110,117,265,305,368,373,376,384,389,394,419,427,433,468,472,477,489],"dog\u2019s":[8],"oesophagus":[9],"and":[10,36,40,51,58,79,86,135,156,162,170,203,208,220,241,273,276,284,325,359,375,392,408,455,467],"promotes":[11],"formation":[13],"of":[14,26,55,61,98,101,131,180,315,336,340,418,435,450,493],"an":[15,49,87,138,350],"inflammatory":[16,446],"fibroblastic":[17],"nodule":[18],"progresses":[20],"to":[21,73,89,93,126,137,300,326,372,476,481,501],"sarcoma":[22,47],"in":[23,248,253,264,304,309,352,356,367,383,426,440,497],"approximately":[24],"25%":[25],"cases.":[27],"Differentiating":[28],"neoplastic":[29,63,103,149,163,228,249,288,369,395,428,438,498],"from":[30,120],"non-neoplastic":[31,161,254,266,374,385],"cases":[32,159,255,289,429],"ante-mortally":[33],"challenging":[35],"has":[37],"major":[38],"therapeutic":[39],"prognostic":[41],"implications.":[42],"More":[43],"importantly,":[44],"spirocercosis-associated":[45],"oesophageal":[46],"excellent":[50],"under-utilized":[52],"spontaneous":[53],"model":[54],"parasite-associated":[56],"malignancy":[57],"pathogenesis":[60,100],"transformation":[64,85,229,439,499],"poorly":[66],"understood.":[67],"The":[68,151,258,287,307,445,491],"current":[69],"study":[70,260],"objective":[71],"was":[72,108,333,365,381,410,462],"investigate":[74],"potential":[75],"clinical,":[76],"clinicopathological,":[77],"radiological":[78],"tissue":[80],"biomarkers":[81,92,420],"for":[82,178,227,437],"malignant":[84],"attempt":[88],"use":[90],"these":[91],"gain":[94],"deeper":[96],"understanding":[97],"transformation.":[104,150],"Our":[105],"central":[106],"hypothesis":[107,466],"parasite":[111,360],"produces":[112],"excretory":[113],"product(s)":[114],"which":[115,146,347],"diverts":[116],"immune":[118],"response":[119,145,447,454,457,473],"T":[122,143,354],"helper":[123],"1":[124],"(Th1)":[125],"Th2":[127],"cell":[128],"response,":[129],"typical":[130],"many":[132,344],"infections,":[134],"further":[136],"immunoregulatory":[139],"(immunosuppressive),":[140],"FoxP3+":[141,341],"regulatory":[142,206],"cell-predominated":[144],"then":[147],"facilitates":[148],"following":[152],"parameters":[153],"were":[154,244,290,422],"studied":[155],"compared":[157,371],"between":[158],"with":[160,295,398,405,458],"spirocercosis:":[164],"clinical":[165],"presentation,":[166],"haematology,":[167],"serum":[168],"albumin":[169],"globulin,":[171],"thoracic":[172],"radiology,":[173],"haematoxylin-eosin":[174],"(H&E)":[175],"histology,":[176],"Immunohistochemistry":[177],"expression":[179],"vascular":[181],"endothelial":[182],"growth":[183,187,191],"factor":[184,188,192],"(VEGF)-A,":[185],"fibroblast":[186],"(FGF),":[189],"platelet-derived":[190],"(PDGF),":[193],"MAC387":[194],"(myeloid":[195],"cells),":[196,199],"CD3":[197],"(T":[198,205],"Pax5":[200],"(B":[201],"cells)":[202,207,318],"FoxP3":[204],"plasma":[209,363],"cytokine":[210],"concentrations":[211],"including":[212],"IL-2,":[213],"IL-4,":[214],"IL-6,":[215],"IL-8,":[216],"IL-10,":[217],"IL-18,":[218],"GM-CSF":[219],"MCP-1.":[221],"Hypertrophic":[222],"osteopathy":[223],"showed":[224,448],"100%":[225],"specificity":[226,409],"but":[230,251],"relatively":[231],"poor":[232],"sensitivity":[233,407],"(40%).":[234],"Female":[235],"gender,":[236],"anaemia,":[237],"leukocytosis,":[238],"thrombocytosis,":[239],"spondylitis":[240],"bronchial":[242],"displacement":[243],"significantly":[245],"more":[246,424],"common":[247],"cases,":[250],"appeared":[252],"as":[256],"well.":[257],"H&E":[259],"revealed":[261],"2":[262],"stages":[263],"nodules:":[267],"early":[268],"inflammation,":[269],"characterized":[270,280,312],"by":[271,281,313,320,388,488],"fibrocytes":[272],"abundant":[274],"collagen,":[275],"pre-neoplastic":[278],"stage,":[279],"activated":[282],"fibroblasts":[283],"reduced":[285],"collagen.":[286],"all":[291],"sarcomas,":[292],"primarily":[293],"osteosarcoma":[294,303],"very":[296],"aggressive":[297],"features":[298,449],"comparable":[299],"other":[301],"appendicular":[302],"dog.":[306],"inflammation":[308],"spirocercosis":[310,443],"pockets":[314],"pus":[316],"(MAC387+":[317],"surrounded":[319],"organized":[321],"lymphoid":[322],"foci":[323],"(CD3+":[324],"lesser":[328],"degree":[329],"Pax5+":[330],"cells).":[331],"There":[332],"no":[334,402],"evidence":[335],"local":[338],"accumulation":[339],"cells,":[342],"unlike":[343],"previous":[345],"studies":[346],"have":[348],"reported":[349],"increase":[351,432],"Foxp3+":[353],"cells":[355],"both":[357],"malignancies":[358],"infections.":[361],"Interleukin-8":[362],"concentration":[364,380],"higher":[366,382],"group":[370,386,391],"control":[377,390],"groups.":[378],"Interleukin-18":[379],"followed":[387],"finally":[393],"group.":[396],"As":[397],"most":[399],"similar":[400],"studies,":[401],"ideal":[403],"biomarker":[404],"high":[406],"identified.":[411],"However,":[412],"if":[413],"examined":[414],"together,":[415],"panel":[417],"identified":[423],"commonly":[425],"should":[430],"substantially":[431],"index":[434],"suspicion":[436],"diagnosed":[442],"case.":[444],"increased":[451],"myeloid":[452],"(innate)":[453],"lymphocytic":[456],"pro-inflammatory":[459],"cytokines.":[460],"This":[461],"not":[463],"our":[464],"initial":[465],"question":[469],"remains":[470,500],"whether":[471],"secondary":[475],"worm":[478],"infection,":[479],"or":[480],"symbiotic":[483],"bacterium":[484],"carried":[487],"worm.":[490],"role":[492],"such":[494],"reaction":[496],"be":[502],"elucidated.":[503]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
