{"id":"https://openalex.org/W8170640","doi":null,"title":"Primary hepatocytes outperform Hep G2 cells as the source of biotransformation functions in a bioartificial liver.","display_name":"Primary hepatocytes outperform Hep G2 cells as the source of biotransformation functions in a bioartificial liver.","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W8170640","mag":"8170640","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8024360","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1234288"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1234288","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1234288","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ann Surg","raw_type":"Text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1234288","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033311876","display_name":"Scott L. Nyberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5005-3050","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5005-3050"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S L Nyberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062913699","display_name":"Rory P. Remmel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1532-1726","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1532-1726"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R P Remmel","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Minnesota Twin Cities"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Minnesota Twin Cities","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108663821","display_name":"Henry J. Mann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0796-4350","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0796-4350"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H J Mann","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Minnesota Twin Cities"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Minnesota Twin Cities","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111784770","display_name":"Madhusudan V. Peshwa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M V Peshwa","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Minnesota Twin Cities"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Minnesota Twin Cities","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109118827","display_name":"Wei Shou Hu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W S Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chemical Engineering and Materials Science"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chemical Engineering and Materials Science","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108495347","display_name":"Frank B. Cerra","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F B Cerra","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Minnesota Twin Cities"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Minnesota Twin Cities","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.774,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":207,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95903738,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"220","issue":"1","first_page":"59","last_page":"67"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12264","display_name":"Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12264","display_name":"Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10966","display_name":"Liver physiology and pathology","score":0.002300000051036477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11190","display_name":"3D Printing in Biomedical Research","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bioartificial-liver","display_name":"bioartificial liver","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/primary-hepatocytes","display_name":"primary hepatocytes","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hepg2-cells","display_name":"HepG2 cells","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biotransformation","display_name":"biotransformation","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gel-entrapment","display_name":"gel entrapment","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urea-synthesis","display_name":"urea synthesis","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glucuronidation","display_name":"glucuronidation","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sulfation","display_name":"sulfation","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-oxidation","display_name":"drug oxidation","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hepatocyte-proliferation","display_name":"hepatocyte proliferation","score":0.5339999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liver-failure-support","display_name":"liver failure support","score":0.36500000953674316}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71867830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17103308","display_name":"Bioartificial liver device","level":4,"score":0.9476909041404724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181674461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5731621","display_name":"Hep G2","level":3,"score":0.6610949635505676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776200302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q827450","display_name":"Hepatocyte","level":3,"score":0.6244456171989441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5909592509269714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779907587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14901439","display_name":"Glucuronidation","level":4,"score":0.5197753310203552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81885089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189082","display_name":"Cell culture","level":2,"score":0.5119372606277466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202751555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681","display_name":"In vitro","level":2,"score":0.46958985924720764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176891718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1997459","display_name":"Hepatic stellate cell","level":2,"score":0.44322335720062256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.3288295269012451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.26510554552078247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.24947404861450195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.21593093872070312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87644729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q547502","display_name":"Microsome","level":3,"score":0.19780176877975464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000418","descriptor_name":"Albumins","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001187","descriptor_name":"Artificial Organs","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001711","descriptor_name":"Biotransformation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002461","descriptor_name":"Cell Line, Transformed","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002471","descriptor_name":"Cell Transformation, Neoplastic","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002471","descriptor_name":"Cell Transformation, Neoplastic","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002478","descriptor_name":"Cells, Cultured","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005947","descriptor_name":"Glucose","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007773","descriptor_name":"Lactates","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008012","descriptor_name":"Lidocaine","qualifier_ui":"Q000031","qualifier_name":"analogs & derivatives","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008012","descriptor_name":"Lidocaine","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008012","descriptor_name":"Lidocaine","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008099","descriptor_name":"Liver","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008099","descriptor_name":"Liver","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010101","descriptor_name":"Oxygen Consumption","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014508","descriptor_name":"Urea","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017207","descriptor_name":"Rats, Sprague-Dawley","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019344","descriptor_name":"Lactic Acid","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051381","descriptor_name":"Rats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1234288","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1234288","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ann Surg","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:8024360","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8024360","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of surgery","raw_type":"Comparative Study"},{"id":"mag:8170640","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8024360","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1234288","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1234288","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ann Surg","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8048999905586243,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4600308971","display_name":"IMPROVED BIOARTIFICAL LIVER FUNCTION IN HEPATIC FAILURE","funder_award_id":"R01DK045371","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337357","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337357","display_name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/00adh9b73"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1433480272","https://openalex.org/W1490154674","https://openalex.org/W1556836422","https://openalex.org/W1806304054","https://openalex.org/W1916047164","https://openalex.org/W1964780740","https://openalex.org/W1968102592","https://openalex.org/W1970967836","https://openalex.org/W1972499303","https://openalex.org/W1973446780","https://openalex.org/W1991593149","https://openalex.org/W2006537063","https://openalex.org/W2011257176","https://openalex.org/W2012594975","https://openalex.org/W2018957603","https://openalex.org/W2021516628","https://openalex.org/W2025894728","https://openalex.org/W2028915441","https://openalex.org/W2030488800","https://openalex.org/W2033302132","https://openalex.org/W2046842349","https://openalex.org/W2051586685","https://openalex.org/W2059109134","https://openalex.org/W2062602912","https://openalex.org/W2065936324","https://openalex.org/W2067229933","https://openalex.org/W2072585523","https://openalex.org/W2074283878","https://openalex.org/W2075249302","https://openalex.org/W2087207919","https://openalex.org/W2088258539","https://openalex.org/W2093661288","https://openalex.org/W2095243258","https://openalex.org/W2117038776","https://openalex.org/W2141617559","https://openalex.org/W2154133061","https://openalex.org/W2160073719","https://openalex.org/W2161386949","https://openalex.org/W2179080101","https://openalex.org/W2334675924","https://openalex.org/W2395556608","https://openalex.org/W2395862032","https://openalex.org/W2401589297","https://openalex.org/W2414804291","https://openalex.org/W2415029287","https://openalex.org/W2415936060","https://openalex.org/W2416620015","https://openalex.org/W2419259053","https://openalex.org/W2422816370"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2366852211","https://openalex.org/W1995154638","https://openalex.org/W2179080101","https://openalex.org/W2416505398","https://openalex.org/W191325192","https://openalex.org/W1997714571","https://openalex.org/W1980421857","https://openalex.org/W2478422811","https://openalex.org/W2414332878","https://openalex.org/W2335202124"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"Metabolic":[1],"activity":[2],"of":[3,20,29,97,117,134,188,200,227,239],"transformed":[4,35,47],"human":[5],"liver":[6,31,36,48,56,69,233,245],"(Hep":[7],"G2)":[8],"cells":[9,37,49,104,128,193],"and":[10,50,90,173,234],"primary":[11,39,51],"rat":[12,85,214],"hepatocytes":[13,40,52,86,123,215],"were":[14,71,194,216],"compared":[15],"during":[16,209],"in":[17,53,98,131,196,230],"vitro":[18,99],"application":[19],"a":[21,54,114,231],"gel":[22,110],"entrapment":[23,67,111],"bioartificial":[24,30,55,68,202,232,244],"liver.":[25],"BACKGROUND:":[26],"Clinical":[27],"trials":[28],"devices":[32,70],"containing":[33],"either":[34],"or":[38,84],"have":[41],"been":[42,62],"initiated.":[43],"A":[44],"study":[45],"comparing":[46],"under":[57],"similar":[58],"conditions":[59],"has":[60],"not":[61],"reported":[63],"previously.":[64],"METHODS:":[65],"Gel":[66],"inoculated":[72],"with":[73,113],"100":[74],"million":[75],"cells,":[76],"Hep":[77,102,126,191,220],"G2":[78,103,127,192,221],"cell":[79,222],"line":[80,223],"(n":[81,87],"=":[82,88],"4),":[83],"16),":[89],"studied":[91],"for":[92],"up":[93],"to":[94,106,205,218],"60":[95],"days":[96],"cultivation.":[100],"RESULTS:":[101],"grew":[105],"confluence":[107,130],"within":[108],"the":[109,186,197,201,206,219,225,236,243,247],"configuration":[112],"doubling":[115],"time":[116],"20":[118],"+/-":[119,139,143,151,155,163,167,176],"3":[120],"hours.":[121],"Rat":[122],"significantly":[124],"outperformed":[125],"at":[129],"all":[132],"categories":[133],"biotransformation,":[135],"including":[136],"ureagenesis":[137],"(3.5":[138],"0.7":[140],"vs.":[141,153,165,178],"0.3":[142],"0.1":[144],"mumol/hr,":[145],"p":[146,158,170,182],"<":[147,159,171,179,183],"0.05),":[148,172],"glucuronidation":[149],"(630":[150],"75":[152],"21":[154],"2":[156,168],"nmol/hr,":[157,169,181],"0.005),":[160],"sulfation":[161],"(59":[162],"13":[164],"5":[166],"oxidation":[174],"(233":[175],"38":[177],"1":[180],"0.005).":[184],"At":[185],"conclusion":[187],"one":[189],"experiment,":[190],"found":[195],"extracapillary":[198],"compartment":[199,208],"liver,":[203],"analogous":[204],"patient's":[207,248],"clinical":[210],"application.":[211],"CONCLUSIONS:":[212],"Primary":[213],"superior":[217],"as":[224],"source":[226],"hepatic":[228],"function":[229],"avoided":[235],"potential":[237],"risk":[238],"tumor":[240],"transmigration":[241],"from":[242],"into":[246],"circulation.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}