{"id":"https://openalex.org/W81283528","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/virtualmentor.2003.5.7.msoc1-0307","title":"Setting Biomedical Research Priorities in the 21st Century","display_name":"Setting Biomedical Research Priorities in the 21st Century","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W81283528","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/virtualmentor.2003.5.7.msoc1-0307","mag":"81283528","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23267654"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1001/virtualmentor.2003.5.7.msoc1-0307","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/virtualmentor.2003.5.7.msoc1-0307","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1001/virtualmentor.2003.5.7.msoc1-0307","pdf_url":"https://journalofethics.ama-assn.org/sites/joedb/files/2022-11/msoc1-0307.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210180425","display_name":"The AMA Journal of Ethic","issn_l":"1937-7010","issn":["1937-7010","2376-6980"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320259","host_organization_name":"American Medical Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320259"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Medical Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AMA Journal of Ethics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://journalofethics.ama-assn.org/sites/joedb/files/2022-11/msoc1-0307.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061129814","display_name":"David B. Resnik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5139-9555","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5139-9555"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186335123","display_name":"East Carolina University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vx35703","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186335123"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David B. Resnik","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Bioethics Center at The Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Bioethics Center at The Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186335123"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061129814"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186335123"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6166,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87309124,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"7","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11792","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","score":0.4844000041484833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11792","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","score":0.4844000041484833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12168","display_name":"Health and Medical Research Impacts","score":0.392300009727478,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11649","display_name":"Pharmaceutical industry and healthcare","score":0.07119999825954437,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-funding-allocation","display_name":"research funding allocation","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-institutes-of-health","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biotechnology-industry","display_name":"biotechnology industry","score":0.6710000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-development-costs","display_name":"drug development costs","score":0.6309999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patent-protection","display_name":"patent protection","score":0.492000013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-ethics","display_name":"research ethics","score":0.4749999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-policy","display_name":"health policy","score":0.7239999771118164}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.37865832448005676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.33144089579582214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3254474997520447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.24386239051818848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18467098474502563}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1001/virtualmentor.2003.5.7.msoc1-0307","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/virtualmentor.2003.5.7.msoc1-0307","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1001/virtualmentor.2003.5.7.msoc1-0307","pdf_url":"https://journalofethics.ama-assn.org/sites/joedb/files/2022-11/msoc1-0307.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210180425","display_name":"The AMA Journal of Ethic","issn_l":"1937-7010","issn":["1937-7010","2376-6980"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320259","host_organization_name":"American Medical Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320259"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Medical Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AMA Journal of Ethics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:23267654","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23267654","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The virtual mentor : VM","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1001/virtualmentor.2003.5.7.msoc1-0307","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/virtualmentor.2003.5.7.msoc1-0307","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1001/virtualmentor.2003.5.7.msoc1-0307","pdf_url":"https://journalofethics.ama-assn.org/sites/joedb/files/2022-11/msoc1-0307.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210180425","display_name":"The AMA Journal of Ethic","issn_l":"1937-7010","issn":["1937-7010","2376-6980"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320259","host_organization_name":"American Medical Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320259"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Medical Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AMA Journal of Ethics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W81283528.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W81283528.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W612569858","https://openalex.org/W1856865166","https://openalex.org/W1985069067","https://openalex.org/W1993662362","https://openalex.org/W2013759889","https://openalex.org/W2043631090","https://openalex.org/W2337821671","https://openalex.org/W4206271951","https://openalex.org/W4245498801","https://openalex.org/W4320911374"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7100816070","https://openalex.org/W1571632849","https://openalex.org/W2013759889","https://openalex.org/W2140848143","https://openalex.org/W4242175072","https://openalex.org/W1595198147","https://openalex.org/W4234688217","https://openalex.org/W7095390139","https://openalex.org/W2591636239","https://openalex.org/W2083887229"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Setting":[0],"biomedical":[1,119,164,244],"research":[2,44,91,102,120,224],"priorities":[3,225],"is":[4,125,329],"one":[5],"of":[6,24,29,34,55,63,86,115,131,161,180,209,261,282,381],"the":[7,22,27,32,46,58,76,79,101,116,122,128,142,146,154,171,175,194,210,215,231,237,257,301,327,333,336,344],"most":[8],"important":[9],"issues":[10],"in":[11,121,140,214,256],"health":[12,40,69],"policy":[13,221],"and":[14,37,61,65,92,107,113,178,190,268,285,297,346,386],"ethics":[15],"because":[16],"it":[17,241,278,299],"has":[18,82,149],"broad":[19],"implications":[20],"for":[21,71],"advancement":[23],"medical":[25,262,293],"knowledge,":[26],"improvement":[28],"clinical":[30,211],"practice,":[31],"promotion":[33],"public":[35,238],"health,":[36],"access":[38,67],"to":[39,68,88,99,111,174,193,228,243,275,288,300,319,349,357],"care.For":[41],"example,":[42],"funding":[43,103,273],"on":[45,90,163,186,202,306],"human":[47],"immunodeficiency":[48],"virus":[49],"(HIV)":[50],"can":[51],"enhance":[52],"our":[53],"knowledge":[54],"HIV;":[56,64],"improve":[57],"treatment,":[59],"diagnosis,":[60],"prevention":[62],"increase":[66],"care":[70],"HIV":[72],"patients.But":[73],"since":[74],"neither":[75],"government":[77,156],"nor":[78],"private":[80,166,234],"sector":[81,239],"an":[83,280],"unlimited":[84],"supply":[85],"money":[87,162],"spend":[89,168],"development":[93,264],"(R":[94],"&":[95,188,204,246,251,323],"D),":[96],"determining":[97],"how":[98,266],"slice":[100],"pie":[104],"raises":[105],"social":[106],"ethical":[108],"questions":[109],"related":[110],"justice":[112],"fairness.Most":[114],"publicly":[117],"funded":[118],"United":[123,258],"States":[124],"sponsored":[126],"by":[127],"National":[129],"Institutes":[130],"Health":[132],"(NIH),":[133],"which":[134],"had":[135],"a":[136,158,290,304,307,313,351],"$27":[137],"billion":[138,185,201],"budget":[139,148],"2002-2003.In":[141],"last":[143],"5":[144],"years,":[145,312],"NIH":[147],"nearly":[150],"doubled.":[151],"1":[152],"Although":[153],"US":[155,216],"spends":[157],"great":[159],"deal":[160],"research,":[165],"corporations":[167],"more.In":[169],"2001,":[170],"companies":[172,191,270,355],"belonging":[173,192],"Pharmaceutical":[176],"Research":[177],"Manufacturers":[179],"America":[181],"(PhRMA)":[182],"spent":[183,199],"$30":[184],"R":[187,203,245,250,322],"D,":[189],"Biotechnology":[195],"Industry":[196],"Organization":[197],"(BIO)":[198],"$15.6":[200],"D.":[205,247],"[2][3]":[206],"Seventy":[207],"percent":[208,365,380],"trials":[212],"conducted":[213],"are":[217,384],"industry-sponsored.4":[218],"Any":[219],"realistic":[220],"that":[222,233],"addresses":[223],"must":[226],"come":[227],"terms":[229],"with":[230],"fact":[232],"industry":[235,276],"outspends":[236],"when":[240,374],"comes":[242],"How":[248],"Biomedical":[249],"D":[252,324],"Priorities":[253],"Are":[254],"Set":[255],"StatesThe":[259],"economics":[260],"product":[263,309,328,345],"determines":[265],"pharmaceutical":[267,354],"biotechnology":[269],"establish":[271],"their":[272],"priorities.According":[274],"estimates,":[277],"takes":[279],"average":[281],"$800":[283],"million":[284],"10-15":[286],"years":[287,318],"develop":[289,376],"new":[291,308,377,382],"drug,":[292],"device,":[294],"or":[295,366,394],"biologic":[296],"bring":[298],"market.5":[302],"Since":[303],"patent":[305,334],"lasts":[310],"20":[311],"company":[314,337],"will":[315,338],"have":[316,358],"5-10":[317],"recoup":[320],"its":[321,340,347],"investment":[325],"while":[326],"still":[330],"under":[331],"patent.Once":[332],"expires,":[335],"lose":[339],"exclusive":[341],"control":[342],"over":[343],"ability":[348],"make":[350],"significant":[352,371],"profit.Although":[353],"tend":[356],"relatively":[359],"high":[360],"profit":[361],"margins":[362],"(ie,":[363],"10":[364],"more),":[367],"they":[368,375],"also":[369,396],"take":[370],"economic":[372],"risks":[373],"drugs.Only":[378],"33":[379],"drugs":[383,389],"profitable,":[385],"very":[387],"few":[388],"become":[390],"\"blockbusters,\"":[391],"like":[392],"Viagra":[393],"Prozac.Companies":[395]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-05T08:02:43.246662","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
