{"id":"https://openalex.org/W810062230","doi":null,"title":"Enforcing the Federal-Indian Trust Relationship After Mitchell","display_name":"Enforcing the Federal-Indian Trust Relationship After Mitchell","publication_year":1982,"publication_date":"1982-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W810062230","mag":"810062230"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarship.law.edu:lawreview-2200","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarship.law.edu/lawreview/vol31/iss4/4","pdf_url":"https://scholarship.law.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2200&context=lawreview","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196759","display_name":"Scholarship at Catholic Law (Catholic University of America)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I84470341","host_organization_name":"Catholic University of America","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84470341"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Catholic University Law Review","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://scholarship.law.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2200&context=lawreview","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037221294","display_name":"Nell Jessup Newton","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84470341","display_name":"Catholic University of America","ror":"https://ror.org/047yk3s18","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84470341"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Newton, Nell Jessup","raw_affiliation_strings":["Columbus School of Law"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbus School of Law","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84470341"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037221294"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84470341"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13879","display_name":"Indigenous Peoples' Rights and Law","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13879","display_name":"Indigenous Peoples' Rights and Law","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13864","display_name":"Indigenous Cultures and History","score":0.0024999999441206455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13445","display_name":"American Constitutional Law and Politics","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indian-criminal-law","display_name":"Indian criminal law","score":0.46799999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tribal-sovereignty","display_name":"tribal sovereignty","score":0.6639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tribal-jurisdiction","display_name":"tribal jurisdiction","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tribal-courts","display_name":"tribal courts","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tribal-self-governance","display_name":"tribal self-governance","score":0.8659999966621399}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.4209408164024353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.39077597856521606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.38207390904426575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.33141088485717773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.30178990960121155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2926251292228699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.19685527682304382}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarship.law.edu:lawreview-2200","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarship.law.edu/lawreview/vol31/iss4/4","pdf_url":"https://scholarship.law.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2200&context=lawreview","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196759","display_name":"Scholarship at Catholic Law (Catholic University of America)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I84470341","host_organization_name":"Catholic University of America","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84470341"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Catholic University Law Review","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarship.law.nd.edu:law_faculty_scholarship-2187","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarship.law.nd.edu/law_faculty_scholarship/1201","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57128295","display_name":"Journal of legislation","issn_l":"0146-9584","issn":["0146-9584"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316639","host_organization_name":"Notre Dame Law School","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316639","https://openalex.org/P4310316167"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Notre Dame Law School","University of Notre Dame"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal Articles","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarship.law.edu:lawreview-2200","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarship.law.edu/lawreview/vol31/iss4/4","pdf_url":"https://scholarship.law.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2200&context=lawreview","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196759","display_name":"Scholarship at Catholic Law (Catholic University of America)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I84470341","host_organization_name":"Catholic University of America","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84470341"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Catholic University Law Review","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W810062230.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W810062230.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1527545607","https://openalex.org/W4393046843","https://openalex.org/W7116938041","https://openalex.org/W2800745093","https://openalex.org/W7042993125","https://openalex.org/W2981757359","https://openalex.org/W1572784821","https://openalex.org/W2800168831","https://openalex.org/W3125696888","https://openalex.org/W7152523386"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Improvement":[0],"Act,":[1,476],"\u00a7":[2,6,11,353,449,653,675],"2,":[3],"25":[4,9],"U.S.C.":[5,10],"1601(a)":[7],"(1976);":[8],"175":[12],"(1976)":[13],"(United":[14],"States":[15,25,113,144,155,175,325,490,611,754],"Attorney":[16,156],"shall":[17],"represent":[18],"Indians":[19],"in":[20,123,169,296,603,607,623,789],"lawsuits).":[21],"2.See,":[22],"e.g.,":[23,520,561,582,690,736],"United":[24,112,127,143,154,174,196,324,489,524,610,694,707,720,740,753,774],"v.":[26,44,55,126,176,184,195,208,310,326,391,523,612,706,719,739,755,773],"Sioux":[27,771],"Nation,":[28],"448":[29],"U.S.":[30,47,58,179,187,199,211,313,329,394,618,743,758],"371,":[31],"414-15":[32],"(1980)":[33],"(guardianship":[34],"limits":[35],"government":[36,77,291,361,381,430,666],"power":[37,263],"to":[38,79,87,115,149,215,229,237,254,266,271,286,318,362,470,503,631,662,664,671],"dispose":[39,216],"of":[40,95,117,146,165,217,225,240,259,275,294,299,305,334,342,348,365,389,399,442,444,457,463,474,488,516,532,542,553,557,568,574,605,615,644,648,684,701,714,784],"Indian":[41,73,91,218,241,250,320,421,465],"land);":[42],"Morton":[43],"Mancari,":[45],"417":[46],"535,":[48],"552":[49],"(1974)":[50],"(\"special":[51],"relationship\");":[52],"Cherokee":[53,182,308],"Nation":[54,125,183,194,309,359,738],"Georgia,":[56,185],"30":[57,186],"(5":[59,188],"Pet.)":[60,189],"1,":[61,190,350,654],"17":[62,191],"(1831)":[63],"(guardian-ward":[64],"relationship)":[65],"(Marshall,":[66],"C.J.).":[67],"\"[Tlhe":[68],"special":[69,414],"relationship":[70],"between":[71],"the":[72,88,108,111,118,147,161,166,223,238,246,272,289,306,335,418,429,440,464,475,480,514,578,594,626,629,660,665,667],"tribes":[74,251,287,422,501],"and":[75,83,235,282,460,471,512,586,604,749,770],"theFederal":[76],"continues":[78],"carry":[80],"immense":[81],"moral":[82],"legal":[84,748],"force.\"Special":[85],"Message":[86],"Congress":[89,505],"on":[90,232,635],"Affairs,":[92],"213":[93],"Pub.Papers":[94],"Richard":[96],"Nixon":[97],"564,":[98],"566":[99],"(July":[100],"8,":[101,544],"1970).\"[Y]ou":[102],"will":[103],"perceive":[104],".":[105,106,107],"fatherly":[109],"care":[110],"intend":[114],"take":[116],"Indians.\"President":[119],"George":[120],"Washington,":[121],"quoted":[122],"Seneca":[124],"States,":[128,197,525,695,708,721,741,775],"173":[129],"Ct.Cl.":[130,527,565,710,723],"917,":[131],"924":[132],"(1965)":[133],"(emphasis":[134],"omitted).See":[135],"also":[136,658,716],"letter":[137],"from":[138,426,642,767],"Leo":[139],"M.":[140],"Krulitz,":[141],"Solicitor,":[142],"Department":[145],"Interior":[148],"James":[150],"W.":[151],"Moorman,":[152],"Assistant":[153],"General":[157],"(Nov.21,":[158],"1978)":[159],"(affirming":[160],"Carter":[162],"Administration's":[163],"view":[164],"relationship),":[167],"reprinted":[168],"Brief":[170],"for":[171,292,435,506,593,729],"Respondent,":[172],"Appendix,":[173],"Mitchell,":[177,492],"445":[178],"535":[180],"(1980).4.":[181],"(1831).5.":[192],"Seminole":[193,737],"316":[198,742],"286,":[200,744],"297":[201],"(1942).6.":[202],"Id":[203],"7.":[204],"E.g.,":[205],"Lone":[206],"Wolf":[207],"Hitchcock,":[209,311],"187":[210,312],"553":[212],"(1903)":[213],"(power":[214,317],"landCatholic":[219],"University":[220],"Law":[221],"Review":[222],"application":[224],"federal":[226,261,290],"criminal":[227],"laws":[228],"tribal":[230,360,380,384,558,768],"members":[231],"reservations,":[233],"8":[234],"even":[236,283],"dissolution":[239],"tribes'":[242],"governing":[243],"structures.9":[244],"During":[245],"last":[247],"twenty":[248],"years,":[249],"have":[252,597],"sought":[253],"establish":[255],"that":[256],"this":[257,276,458,688],"right":[258],"exclusive":[260],"regulatory":[262],"gives":[264],"rise":[265],"concomitant":[267],"fiduciary":[268],"duties.In":[269],"response":[270],"essential":[273],"fairness":[274],"claim,":[277],"courts":[278],"awarded":[279],"equitable":[280,750],"relief,":[281],"money":[284,764],"damages,":[285],"suing":[288,427],"breach":[293,552,683],"trust":[295,559,580,685,702],"a":[297,455,461,507,672],"handful":[298,398],"cases'":[300],"\u00b0":[301],"before":[302],"as":[303,322,339,364,539,600],"guardian":[304],"tribe);":[307],"294":[314],"(":[315,498],"1902)":[316],"lease":[319],"land":[321],"guardian).8.":[323],"Kagama,":[327],"118":[328,709],"375":[330],"(1886)":[331],"(upholding":[332],"constitutionality":[333],"Major":[336],"Crimes":[337],"Act":[338,347,531,541],"an":[340],"exercise":[341],"congressional":[343],"guardianship":[344],"power).9.":[345],"See":[346],"Mar.":[349,445],"1901,":[351],"ch.676,":[352],"46,":[354],"31":[355],"Stat.861,":[356],"872":[357],"(Creek":[358],"cease":[363],"March":[366],"4,":[367],"1906,":[368],"unless":[369],"extended":[370],"by":[371,438],"Congress);":[372],"S.J.":[373],"Res.":[374],"7,":[375],"34":[376],"Stat.822":[377],"(1906)":[378],"(extending":[379],"until":[382],"all":[383],"property":[385,645],"distributed).See":[386],"generally":[387,791],"Board":[388],"Comm'rs":[390],"Seber,":[392],"318":[393],"705,":[395],"716":[396],"(1942).10.This":[397],"cases":[400,570,727],"becomes":[401],"larger":[402],"when":[403,428],"two":[404],"categories":[405],"are":[406,571,590],"added.The":[407],"first":[408],"category":[409],"includes":[410],"claims":[411,437,550,602,633,686],"brought":[412],"under":[413,687],"jurisdictional":[415,595],"acts":[416,596],"during":[417],"83":[419],"years":[420],"were":[423,733],"explicitly":[424],"barred":[425],"waived":[431],"its":[432],"sovereign":[433,510],"immunity":[434,511],"damage":[436],"creating":[439,601],"Court":[441,515],"Claims.Act":[443],"3,":[446,534,650],"1863,":[447],"ch.92,":[448],"9,":[450],"12":[451],"Stat.765,":[452],"767":[453],"(for":[454],"discussion":[456],"statute":[459,508,627,637],"criticism":[462],"law":[466],"bar's":[467],"ready":[468],"acquiescence":[469],"broad":[472],"interpretation":[473],"see":[477],"Hughes,":[478],"Can":[479],"Trustee":[481],"Be":[482],"Suedfor":[483],"Its":[484],"Breach?The":[485],"Sad":[486],"Saga":[487],"P.":[491],"26":[493],"S.D.L.":[494],"REV.447,":[495],"461-62":[496],"n.108":[497],"1981)).To":[499],"sue,":[500],"had":[502],"petition":[504],"waiving":[509],"vesting":[513],"Claims":[517],"with":[518,752],"jurisdiction.See,":[519],"Menominee":[521,562,624,678,691,704,717],"Tribe":[522,679,692,705,718,772],"101":[526,564],"10":[528],"(1944)":[529],"(construing":[530],"Sept.":[533,649],"1935,":[535,651],"ch.839,":[536,652],"49":[537,620,655],"Stat.1085,":[538,656],"amendedby,":[540],"Apr.":[543],"1938,":[545],"ch.120,":[546],"52":[547],"Stat.208).Often":[548],"these":[549,569],"involved":[551],"trust,":[554],"especially":[555],"mismanagement":[556,643],"funds.See,":[560],"Tribe,":[563,625],"at":[566],"10.Some":[567],"gold":[572],"mines":[573],"favorable":[575],"language":[576],"regarding":[577],"government's":[579],"responsibilities.See,":[581],"supra":[583],"notes":[584],"5-6":[585],"accompanying":[587],"text.Nevertheless":[588],"they":[589],"doubtful":[591],"precedents,":[592],"been":[598],"regarded":[599],"themselves":[606],"recent":[608],"years.See":[609],"Alcea":[613],"Band":[614],"Tillamooks,":[616],"341":[617],"48,":[619],"(1951).For":[621],"example,":[622],"permitted":[628],"court":[630,661],"adjudicate":[632],"based":[634],"treaty,":[636],"or":[638,640,646],"agreement":[639],"arising":[641],"money.Act":[647],"1085.It":[657],"instructed":[659],"apply":[663],"same":[668],"standards":[669],"applicable":[670],"private":[673],"trustee.Id":[674],"3.":[676],"The":[677],"successfully":[680],"pressed":[681],"several":[682],"statute.See,":[689],"v,":[693],"67":[696],"F.":[697,777,792],"Supp.972":[698],"(1946)":[699],"(mismanagement":[700,713],"funds);":[703],"290":[711],"(1951)":[712,725],"timber).See":[715],"119":[722],"832":[724],"(all":[726],"settled":[728],"$8.5":[730],"million).Other":[731],"statutes":[732],"less":[734],"explicit.Compare,":[735],"295":[745],"(1942)":[746],"(\"all":[747],"claims\")":[751],"Blackfeather,":[756],"155":[757],"180,":[759],"195":[760],"(1894)":[761],"(to":[762,781],"recover":[763],"wrongfully":[765],"diverted":[766],"fund)":[769],"64":[776],"Supp.312":[778],"(Ct.Cl.":[779],"1946)":[780],"settle":[782],"ownership":[783],"stock":[785],"&":[786],"funds":[787],"held":[788],"trust).See":[790]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-09T07:26:56.047234","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}