{"id":"https://openalex.org/W80876399","doi":null,"title":"Old Batswana persons' experience of loneliness : applying the Mmogo\u2013methodTM","display_name":"Old Batswana persons' experience of loneliness : applying the Mmogo\u2013methodTM","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W80876399","mag":"80876399"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.nwu.ac.za:10394/4839","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4839","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402268","display_name":"Boloka Institutional Repository (North-west University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","host_organization_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012616242","display_name":"Carlien Kahl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1059-575X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1059-575X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Carlien Kahl","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012616242"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13695","display_name":"Aging, Elder Care, and Social Issues","score":0.6786999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3319","display_name":"Life-span and Life-course Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13695","display_name":"Aging, Elder Care, and Social Issues","score":0.6786999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3319","display_name":"Life-span and Life-course Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11265","display_name":"Aging and Gerontology Research","score":0.2409999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12811","display_name":"Aging, Health, and Disability","score":0.030899999663233757,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/loneliness","display_name":"loneliness","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/older-adults","display_name":"older adults","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aging","display_name":"aging","score":0.4099999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ubuntu","display_name":"Ubuntu","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collectivism","display_name":"collectivism","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-belonging","display_name":"social belonging","score":0.531000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coping-strategies","display_name":"coping strategies","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phenomenology","display_name":"phenomenology","score":0.5289999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/african-context","display_name":"African context","score":0.32499998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-self","display_name":"social self","score":0.4020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/south-africa","display_name":"South Africa","score":0.4399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/older-women","display_name":"older women","score":0.40700000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-engagement","display_name":"community participation","score":0.35100001096725464}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779998236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223270","display_name":"Loneliness","level":2,"score":0.859220027923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25740722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044915","display_name":"Disengagement theory","level":2,"score":0.551451563835144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100363876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690661","display_name":"Nonprobability sampling","level":3,"score":0.5356727242469788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5327416062355042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.5211941599845886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.49632030725479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13200473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2747831","display_name":"Reflexivity","level":2,"score":0.49581870436668396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019221131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55621107","display_name":"Lived experience","level":2,"score":0.48423147201538086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4743439257144928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50335755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483247","display_name":"Phenomenon","level":2,"score":0.47222092747688293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63063934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1079747","display_name":"Embeddedness","level":2,"score":0.45776206254959106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56995899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1126687","display_name":"Focus group","level":2,"score":0.42000406980514526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.40549197793006897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.40379756689071655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3013530373573303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.23270705342292786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.17226684093475342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.16549694538116455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.13600435853004456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.nwu.ac.za:10394/4839","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4839","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402268","display_name":"Boloka Institutional Repository (North-west University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","host_organization_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"mag:80876399","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dspace.nwu.ac.za/bitstream/10394/4839/2/Kahl_C.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.5683000087738037}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W590588798","https://openalex.org/W617562848","https://openalex.org/W1570240228","https://openalex.org/W1574450656","https://openalex.org/W1576460547","https://openalex.org/W1597419939","https://openalex.org/W1966460568","https://openalex.org/W1979290264","https://openalex.org/W1981805009","https://openalex.org/W1982969961","https://openalex.org/W1990961056","https://openalex.org/W1995575554","https://openalex.org/W2011249540","https://openalex.org/W2021180934","https://openalex.org/W2023530660","https://openalex.org/W2026424619","https://openalex.org/W2026902833","https://openalex.org/W2028294164","https://openalex.org/W2029225503","https://openalex.org/W2041367957","https://openalex.org/W2047087856","https://openalex.org/W2062913456","https://openalex.org/W2080201267","https://openalex.org/W2080597390","https://openalex.org/W2080943795","https://openalex.org/W2086463261","https://openalex.org/W2098987948","https://openalex.org/W2100783595","https://openalex.org/W2103427112","https://openalex.org/W2106311969","https://openalex.org/W2123162645","https://openalex.org/W2123271605","https://openalex.org/W2126553644","https://openalex.org/W2148474142","https://openalex.org/W2161466111","https://openalex.org/W2186134081","https://openalex.org/W2479636556","https://openalex.org/W2524008321","https://openalex.org/W2549088054","https://openalex.org/W2892747141","https://openalex.org/W2904269340","https://openalex.org/W2910572681","https://openalex.org/W4233051032"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1870763436","https://openalex.org/W4406333458","https://openalex.org/W2980291627","https://openalex.org/W1934653113","https://openalex.org/W2809640569","https://openalex.org/W6903762344","https://openalex.org/W3094495278","https://openalex.org/W7164312809","https://openalex.org/W3211721706","https://openalex.org/W2062945284"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ageing":[0],"in":[1,22,42,62,79,87,178,214,280,358,470],"Africa":[2,24,43],"and":[3,13,44,84,96,120,142,204,252,258,311,326,400,409,412,425,439,448,483,512,517],"the":[4,35,50,68,80,94,97,140,164,179,185,229,234,240,253,273,278,294,303,306,320,332,337,342,369,373,395,407,420,431,436,466,472,486,489,515],"world":[5,180],"over":[6],"is":[7,82,131,206,463,497],"a":[8,56,133,156,188,195,202,223,359,379,453,498],"phenomenon":[9,159,455,500],"that":[10,77,137,501],"affects":[11],"individuals":[12],"societies.":[14],"The":[15,171,243,334,388],"expanding":[16],"older":[17,40,59,117,502],"population":[18],"(people":[19],"aged":[20],"60+)":[21],"South":[23,283],"led":[25],"to":[26,33,93,103,176,193,199,201,250,301,406,410,435,444,457],"this":[27,161],"research,":[28,482],"which":[29],"represents":[30],"an":[31,104,147,210,352],"attempt":[32],"explore":[34],"experiences":[36,52,127,458],"of":[37,39,49,53,55,58,89,99,110,150,166,173,187,236,272,336,344,354,372,384,398,430,459,485,488,509],"loneliness":[38,54,66,78,111,154,399,415,460],"persons":[41,61],"thereby":[45],"gain":[46],"some":[47,440,484],"understanding":[48],"subjective":[51],"group":[57],"African":[60,105],"their":[63,237],"socio-cultural":[64],"context.Defining":[65],"from":[67,247,270,394,514],"existing":[69,437],"literature":[70,81,467],"was":[71,219,339,366],"challenging":[72],"since":[73],"it":[74,462],"became":[75],"evident":[76],"defined":[83],"researched":[85],"largely":[86],"terms":[88],"individual":[90,101,141,309],"meanings":[91,102],"attached":[92],"concept,":[95],"applicability":[98],"such":[100],"context":[106],"remains":[107],"unconfirmed.":[108],"Experiences":[109],"are":[112,433,441,478,491],"not":[113,292],"well":[114,286,350],"known":[115,361],"among":[116,181,212],"Setwana-speaking":[118],"persons,":[119],"few":[121],"studies":[122],"have":[123],"focused":[124],"on":[125,233,506],"collectivistic":[126],"as":[128,146,155,209,285,287,329,349,351,362,452],"such.":[129],"Loneliness":[130,404,496],"considered":[132],"complex,":[134],"contextual":[135],"experience":[136,505],"goes":[138],"beyond":[139],"also":[143],"includes":[144],"culture":[145],"inseparable":[148],"aspect":[149],"people's":[151,169],"lives.":[152],"Conceptualising":[153],"socially":[157],"constructed":[158,390],"places":[160],"study":[162,490],"within":[163,474],"paradigm":[165],"phenomenology":[167],"exploring":[168],"experiences.":[170],"philosophy":[172],"ubuntu":[174],"relates":[175],"being":[177,422,445],"others":[182,213,424,447],"thus":[183],"creating":[184],"concept":[186],"social":[189,450],"self.":[190],"In":[191],"essence,":[192],"be":[194],"self,":[196],"one":[197,205],"has":[198],"belong":[200],"community,":[203],"always":[207],"contextualised":[208],"existence":[211],"interaction.":[215],"A":[216],"qualitative":[217,297,346,355],"design":[218],"used":[220,300],"together":[221],"with":[222,402,414,419,423,446,511],"purposive":[224],"convenience":[225],"sampling":[226],"method":[227],"whereby":[228],"participants":[230],"were":[231,265,299,316],"selected":[232],"basis":[235],"availability":[238],"during":[239],"research":[241],"period.":[242],"participants'":[244],"ages":[245],"ranged":[246],"61":[248],"up":[249],"73,":[251],"sample":[254],"included":[255],"16":[256],"female":[257],"two":[259,391],"male":[260],"participants.":[261],"Two":[262],"data":[263,304,321,338],"sets":[264],"collected":[266],"at":[267],"different":[268],"times":[269],"members":[271],"Day":[274],"Care":[275],"Centre":[276],"for":[277,318,480],"Aged":[279],"Ikageng,":[281],"Potchefstroom,":[282],"Africa,":[284],"community":[288],"residents":[289],"who":[290],"did":[291],"attend":[293],"centre.":[295],"Various":[296],"techniques":[298],"collect":[302],"including":[305,322,449],"Mmogo-methodTM,":[307],"in-depth":[308],"interviews":[310],"focus":[312],"groups.":[313],"Multiple":[314],"methods":[315,348,357],"employed":[317],"analysing":[319],"phenomenological":[323],"analysis,":[324],"key-words-in-context":[325],"analysis":[327,356],"strategies":[328],"stipulated":[330],"by":[331,368],"Mmogo-methodTM.":[333],"rigour":[335],"enhanced":[340],"through":[341],"use":[343],"diverse":[345],"data-gathering":[347],"array":[353],"process":[360],"crystallisation.":[363],"Ethical":[364],"approval":[365],"granted":[367],"Ethics":[370],"Committee":[371],"North-West":[374],"University,":[375],"Potchefstroom":[376],"Campus,":[377],"under":[378],"larger":[380],"project,":[381],"\"An":[382],"exploration":[383],"enabling":[385],"contexts":[386],"(05K14)\".":[387],"researchers":[389],"main":[392],"themes":[393],"findings:":[396],"descriptions":[397],"coping":[401,413,427],"loneliness.":[403],"related":[405],"self":[408,516],"others,":[411],"involved":[416],"actively":[417],"engaging":[418],"environment,":[421],"using":[426],"strategies.":[428],"Some":[429],"findings":[432,473],"linked":[434],"literature,":[438],"unique":[442],"relating":[443],"embeddedness":[451],"multi-layered":[454],"connected":[456],"-":[461],"here":[464],"where":[465],"falls":[468],"short":[469],"clarifying":[471],"our":[475],"context.":[476],"Suggestions":[477],"made":[479],"future":[481],"limitations":[487],"pointed":[492],"out.":[493],"To":[494],"conclude:":[495],"multi-dimensional":[499],"Batswana":[503],"people":[504],"many":[507],"levels":[508],"engagement":[510],"disengagement":[513],"others.":[518]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}