{"id":"https://openalex.org/W80824940","doi":null,"title":"Apolipoprotein epsilon4 allele frequency in young Africans of Ugandan descent versus African Americans.","display_name":"Apolipoprotein epsilon4 allele frequency in young Africans of Ugandan descent versus African Americans.","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W80824940","mag":"80824940","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12656452","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2594366"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2594366","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2594366","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Natl Med Assoc","raw_type":"Text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2594366","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005757924","display_name":"Floyd B. Willis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6321-9590","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6321-9590"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330342723","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146710","display_name":"Mayo Clinic in Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/03zzw1w08","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723","https://openalex.org/I4210146710"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Floyd Willis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mayo Clinic, Division of Family Medicine, Department of Neurology, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA. willis.floyd@mayo.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mayo Clinic, Division of Family Medicine, Department of Neurology, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA. willis.floyd@mayo.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723","https://openalex.org/I4210146710"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Neill Graff-Radford","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neill Graff-Radford","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080098915","display_name":"Marika Pinto","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Pinto","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039551169","display_name":"LaShaune Lawson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"LaShaune Lawson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103583515","display_name":"Jennifer L. Adamson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jennifer Adamson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021321460","display_name":"Dawn E. Epstein","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dawn Epstein","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079524556","display_name":"Francine C. Parfitt","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francine Parfitt","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109961094","display_name":"Mike Hutton","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mike Hutton","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101562191","display_name":"Peter C. O\u2019Brien","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1288-9439","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1288-9439"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter C O'Brien","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4335,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68623188,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"95","issue":"1","first_page":"71","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10394","display_name":"Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health","score":0.6880000233650208,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10394","display_name":"Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health","score":0.6880000233650208,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10261","display_name":"Genetic Associations and Epidemiology","score":0.14419999718666077,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10086","display_name":"Alzheimer's disease research and treatments","score":0.08079999685287476,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apolipoprotein-e","display_name":"apolipoprotein E","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apoe-epsilon2-allele","display_name":"APOE \u03b52 allele","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apoe-epsilon4","display_name":"APOE \u03b54","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ugandan-population","display_name":"Ugandan population","score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/african-americans","display_name":"African Americans","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethnic-differences-in-genetic-risk","display_name":"ethnic differences in genetic risk","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lipid-metabolism","display_name":"lipid metabolism","score":0.6589999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stroke","display_name":"stroke","score":0.5299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain-injury","display_name":"brain injury","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurodegenerative-diseases","display_name":"neurodegenerative diseases","score":0.8259999752044678}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137403100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41710","display_name":"Ethnic group","level":2,"score":0.6993398666381836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180754005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80726","display_name":"Allele","level":3,"score":0.6985457539558411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57089818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424728","display_name":"Apolipoprotein E","level":3,"score":0.6858635544776917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135763542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106016","display_name":"Genotype","level":3,"score":0.6092020273208618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991960288","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817393","display_name":"African descent","level":2,"score":0.6000217199325562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.5901962518692017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37463918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q387981","display_name":"Allele frequency","level":4,"score":0.5527476668357849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5063134431838989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.4727391004562378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62746215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14890615","display_name":"Apolipoprotein B","level":3,"score":0.44442206621170044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.42742636799812317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987028688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49085","display_name":"African american","level":2,"score":0.4261464476585388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.40921205282211304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.2762811779975891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.24665528535842896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.18837866187095642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778163477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43656","display_name":"Cholesterol","level":2,"score":0.15805044770240784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.11727848649024963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2549261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43455","display_name":"Ethnology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000483","descriptor_name":"Alleles","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001057","descriptor_name":"Apolipoproteins E","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001741","descriptor_name":"Black or African American","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005787","descriptor_name":"Gene Frequency","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005838","descriptor_name":"Genotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014454","descriptor_name":"Uganda","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019636","descriptor_name":"Neurodegenerative Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D044383","descriptor_name":"Black People","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D053327","descriptor_name":"Apolipoprotein E4","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2594366","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2594366","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Natl Med Assoc","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:12656452","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12656452","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the National Medical Association","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:2608200990","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jennifer_Adamson/publication/10839661_Apolipoprotein_epsilon4_allele_frequency_in_young_Africans_of_Ugandan_descent_versus_African_Americans/links/5522921a0cf29dcabb0d7b60.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:80824940","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12656452","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2594366","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2594366","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Natl Med Assoc","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G95754455","display_name":"Mayo Alzheimer's Disease Research Center","funder_award_id":"P50AG016574","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Aging"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","display_name":"National Institute on Aging","ror":"https://ror.org/049v75w11"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W154623842","https://openalex.org/W1545450610","https://openalex.org/W1611047977","https://openalex.org/W1629578607","https://openalex.org/W1837896746","https://openalex.org/W1965365250","https://openalex.org/W1967157227","https://openalex.org/W1993293412","https://openalex.org/W2001235202","https://openalex.org/W2010812479","https://openalex.org/W2019899415","https://openalex.org/W2020104351","https://openalex.org/W2034968148","https://openalex.org/W2038664381","https://openalex.org/W2042199021","https://openalex.org/W2044894605","https://openalex.org/W2046590674","https://openalex.org/W2049733019","https://openalex.org/W2052828385","https://openalex.org/W2057667912","https://openalex.org/W2058059121","https://openalex.org/W2066644955","https://openalex.org/W2070901692","https://openalex.org/W2091149745","https://openalex.org/W2100812235","https://openalex.org/W2103888283","https://openalex.org/W2127074707","https://openalex.org/W2165903604","https://openalex.org/W4210821588","https://openalex.org/W4230988021"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2608200990","https://openalex.org/W2019899415","https://openalex.org/W992729037","https://openalex.org/W7095188386","https://openalex.org/W2035521898","https://openalex.org/W2046590674","https://openalex.org/W2049733019","https://openalex.org/W6902931408","https://openalex.org/W1975909926","https://openalex.org/W4283510981"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Through":[0],"its":[1],"role":[2],"in":[3,13,49,127],"lipid":[4],"metabolism,":[5],"Apolipoprotein":[6],"epsilon4":[7],"(ApoE4)":[8],"may":[9,28,42,178],"affect":[10],"\"brain":[11],"repair\"":[12],"stroke,":[14],"brain":[15,21],"hemorrhage,":[16],"Alzheimer's":[17],"disease,":[18],"and":[19,32,38,60,108,114,121,150,166,195],"other":[20,39],"injury":[22,59],"syndromes":[23],"for":[24,75,112,193,210],"which":[25],"African":[26,78,100,106,168,211],"Americans":[27,101,107,169],"have":[29],"greater":[30],"morbidity":[31,52],"mortality.":[33],"Cross-cultural":[34],"evaluations":[35],"of":[36,51,71,77,84,87,94,98,102,142,199,207],"these":[37],"genetic":[40],"factors":[41],"provide":[43,187],"insight":[44],"on":[45],"possible":[46],"ethnic":[47],"differences":[48,163],"risk":[50],"to":[53,91,109,181],"acute":[54],"central":[55],"nervous":[56],"system":[57],"(CNS)":[58],"chronic":[61],"neurodegenerative":[62],"processes.":[63],"As":[64],"an":[65],"initial":[66],"step":[67],"toward":[68],"expanding":[69],"knowledge":[70],"ApoE":[72,82,191,208],"allele":[73],"frequencies":[74,111,192,209],"persons":[76],"descent,":[79],"we":[80],"compared":[81],"genotype":[83],"a":[85,95],"group":[86,97,206],"70":[88],"young":[89],"Ugandans":[90,128,165,194],"59":[92],"(subset":[93],"larger":[96],"342":[99],"all":[103],"ages)":[104],"age-matched":[105],"published":[110,190,204],"Caucasians":[113,131],"Asians.":[115],"We":[116],"found":[117],"that":[118],"the":[119,162,188,196,202],"ApoE4":[120],"epsilon2":[122,143],"alleles":[123,138],"are":[124],"more":[125],"frequent":[126],"(U)":[129],"than":[130],"(C)":[132],"or":[133],"Asians":[134],"(A)":[135],"with":[136],"corresponding":[137],"showing":[139],"significant":[140],"elevations":[141],"(U":[144,152],"15.71%,":[145],"C":[146,154],"8.40%,":[147],"A":[148,156],"4.20%)":[149],"14":[151],"25%,":[153],"13.70%,":[155],"8.90%)":[157],"(p":[158],"<":[159],".001).":[160],"Comparing":[161],"between":[164],"age-appropriate":[167],"(AA)":[170],"was":[171],"not":[172],"statically":[173],"significant,":[174],"but":[175],"this":[176],"outcome":[177],"be":[179],"due":[180],"small":[182],"sample":[183],"size.":[184],"These":[185],"results":[186],"only":[189],"complete":[197],"set":[198],"data":[200],"provides":[201],"largest":[203],"community":[205],"Americans.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}