{"id":"https://openalex.org/W807913586","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1341081","title":"Developments in the Law: Toxic Waste Litigation","display_name":"Developments in the Law: Toxic Waste Litigation","publication_year":1986,"publication_date":"1986-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W807913586","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1341081","mag":"807913586"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/1341081","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1341081","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1341081","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117766065","display_name":"Harvard Law Review","issn_l":"0017-811X","issn":["0017-811X","2161-976X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322697690","host_organization_name":"Harvard Law Review Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322697690"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Harvard Law Review Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Harvard Law Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102249408","display_name":"Howard F. Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5725-8270","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5725-8270"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chang, Howard F.","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pennsylvania Carey Law School"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania Carey Law School","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102249408"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":26.1768,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98926668,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"99","issue":"7","first_page":"1458","last_page":"1458"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12895","display_name":"Environmental law and policy","score":0.9185000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12895","display_name":"Environmental law and policy","score":0.9185000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12185","display_name":"Regulation and Compliance Studies","score":0.017100000753998756,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11662","display_name":"Legal Cases and Commentary","score":0.01269999984651804,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2743","display_name":"Reproductive Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-litigation","display_name":"environmental litigation","score":0.6000000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hazardous-waste","display_name":"hazardous waste","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-law","display_name":"environmental law","score":0.6700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pollution-liability","display_name":"pollution liability","score":0.3449999988079071}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.5313844084739685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4485694468021393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114828911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3042630","display_name":"Toxic waste","level":3,"score":0.4158882200717926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3072051405906677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.24726784229278564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2066982090473175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22507642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069369","display_name":"Hazardous waste","level":2,"score":0.2022455632686615}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/1341081","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1341081","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1341081","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117766065","display_name":"Harvard Law Review","issn_l":"0017-811X","issn":["0017-811X","2161-976X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322697690","host_organization_name":"Harvard Law Review Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322697690"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Harvard Law Review Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Harvard Law Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarship.law.upenn.edu:faculty_scholarship-1897","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/faculty_scholarship/895","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196469","display_name":"Penn Carey Law Legal Scholarship Repository (University of Pennsylvania)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","host_organization_name":"University of Pennsylvania","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"All Faculty Scholarship","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.7297000288963318}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4231032199","https://openalex.org/W4242498129","https://openalex.org/W4247119311","https://openalex.org/W4235641934","https://openalex.org/W4244588432","https://openalex.org/W2917523722","https://openalex.org/W649315533","https://openalex.org/W2419299570","https://openalex.org/W4205591271","https://openalex.org/W600007363"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}