{"id":"https://openalex.org/W807613433","doi":null,"title":"Before I Knew Elizabeth Martinez","display_name":"Before I Knew Elizabeth Martinez","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-06-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W807613433","mag":"807613433"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:807613433","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-352615221/before-i-knew-elizabeth-martinez","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S14445259","display_name":"Social Justice A Journal of Crime Conflict & World Order","issn_l":"1043-1578","issn":["1043-1578","2327-641X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Social Justice A Journal of Crime Conflict & World Order","raw_type":null},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W807613433"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035588359","display_name":"Angela Y. Davis","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Angela Y. Davis","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035588359"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7787,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7963583,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":null,"first_page":"96","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12765","display_name":"Race, History, and American Society","score":0.951200008392334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12765","display_name":"Race, History, and American Society","score":0.951200008392334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13333","display_name":"American Political and Social Dynamics","score":0.02539999969303608,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12242","display_name":"Latin American and Latino Studies","score":0.008999999612569809,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-freedom-struggle","display_name":"Black freedom struggle","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-nonviolent-coordinating-committee","display_name":"Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lorraine-hansberry","display_name":"Lorraine Hansberry","score":0.6919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civil-rights-movement","display_name":"civil rights movement","score":0.5590000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radical-political-movements","display_name":"radical political movements","score":0.5350000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/publishing-history","display_name":"publishing history","score":0.35600000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jim-crow","display_name":"Jim Crow","score":0.36800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personal-tribute","display_name":"personal tribute","score":0.31700000166893005}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94389720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42298454","display_name":"Greatness","level":2,"score":0.6800093054771423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.6113674640655518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.5817143321037292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777038452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q748289","display_name":"Tribute","level":2,"score":0.5419725775718689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776900844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8028383","display_name":"Witness","level":2,"score":0.5244972109794617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118563197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185030","display_name":"Genius","level":2,"score":0.4476388096809387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139838865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8461","display_name":"Racism","level":2,"score":0.445998877286911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779280630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220797","display_name":"Impermanence","level":3,"score":0.43807563185691833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.37943631410598755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.36542728543281555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.34455931186676025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.29991859197616577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.2812349796295166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52119013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50637","display_name":"Art history","level":1,"score":0.2744932174682617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.18766477704048157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.13641536235809326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75699723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q748","display_name":"Buddhism","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:807613433","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-352615221/before-i-knew-elizabeth-martinez","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S14445259","display_name":"Social Justice A Journal of Crime Conflict & World Order","issn_l":"1043-1578","issn":["1043-1578","2327-641X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Social Justice A Journal of Crime Conflict & World Order","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.4000000059604645}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W314048376","https://openalex.org/W4225613113","https://openalex.org/W830674108","https://openalex.org/W4311402668","https://openalex.org/W804588817","https://openalex.org/W208870509","https://openalex.org/W239760187","https://openalex.org/W2795161087","https://openalex.org/W4248247244","https://openalex.org/W2320278449"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ATTEMPTING":[0],"TO":[1,4],"PAY":[2],"TRIBUTE":[3],"A":[5],"MAJOR":[6],"FIGURE":[7],"IN":[8],"THE":[9],"WORLD":[10],"OF":[11],"RADICAL":[12],"political":[13,627],"movements":[14,491,495],"makes":[15],"me":[16],"realize":[17,80],"that":[18,58,82,135,194,206,219,326,370,431,536,629,670],"greatness":[19],"is":[20,443,496],"not":[21,64,414],"so":[22,46,208,291],"much":[23],"a":[24,166,171,295,314,317,354,423,439,446,580,611,626,634,649,660,679],"characteristic":[25],"of":[26,29,98,103,111,137,142,149,165,174,201,204,225,233,284,301,334,341,347,356,392,410,458,471,479,548,588,593,598,613,651],"individuals,":[27],"as":[28,177,376,525,566,645,659],"the":[30,95,101,112,138,146,152,187,199,202,223,240,245,249,252,271,274,282,302,330,335,357,361,395,403,408,433,451,501,546,594,638],"deeply":[31,116],"symbiotic":[32],"relations":[33],"between":[34,450,486],"individuals":[35],"and":[36,43,50,56,69,88,182,273,379,384,401,463,475,492,528,571,617,662],"their":[37,220],"struggles.":[38],"Because":[39],"Elizabeth":[40,104,377,646],"Martinez's":[41],"life":[42,628],"work":[44,102,452,460],"span":[45],"many":[47],"generations,":[48],"communities,":[49],"causes,":[51],"she":[52,453,557,561,583,671],"has":[53],"enabled":[54],"conjunctions":[55],"convergences":[57],"would":[59,196],"have":[60],"been":[61,387],"inconceivable":[62],"if":[63],"for":[65,168,407],"her":[66,76,119,464,564,658],"innovative":[67],"ideas":[68],"bold":[70],"undertakings.":[71],"As":[72,551,579,648],"I":[73,79,85,91,114,124,129,190,195,238,262,292,312,324,327,368,515,531,608,623,640,654,677],"reflect":[74],"on":[75,455,488,586],"remarkable":[77,440],"life,":[78],"now":[81],"long":[83],"before":[84,90,367],"met":[86],"Betita,":[87],"even":[89],"became":[92],"familiar":[93],"with":[94,156,389,620],"published":[96],"writings":[97],"Betita":[99,373,506],"Martinez,":[100],"Sutherland":[105,378],"helped":[106],"to":[107,118,242,256,260,352,417,436,500,509,573,643,656],"shape":[108],"my":[109,143,211,214,234,285,345,589],"understanding":[110],"world.":[113],"am":[115],"indebted":[117],"in":[120,186,210,229,244,264,267,307,316,322,360,394,461,545,576],"more":[121],"ways":[122],"than":[123],"had":[125,130,191,216,386,540,562,672],"ever":[126],"imagined.":[127],"First,":[128],"no":[131,444],"idea":[132],"until":[133],"recently":[134],"one":[136,587],"most":[139,253,331,590],"treasured":[140],"books":[141],"early":[144],"adulthood,":[145],"1964":[147,462],"collection":[148],"photographs":[150],"depicting":[151],"Black":[153,517,599],"freedom":[154,336],"struggle,":[155],"text":[157],"by":[158,422,520,602,633],"Lorraine":[159],"Hansberry,":[160],"entitled":[161],"The":[162,277,298,338,342,411,559,596],"Movement:":[163],"Documentary":[164],"Struggle":[167],"Equality,":[169],"was":[170,263,293,313,328,372,402,532,610,624,630,678],"direct":[172],"product":[173],"Betita's":[175,537],"tenure":[176],"an":[178,230,380,497,542,567],"editor":[179,381,568],"at":[180,248,288,349,382,569],"Simon":[181,383,570],"Schuster.":[183],"Growing":[184],"up":[185],"Deep":[188],"South,":[189],"always":[192],"thought":[193],"personally":[197],"witness":[198],"dismantling":[200],"structures":[203],"segregation":[205],"were":[207],"pervasive":[209],"life.":[212],"Indeed,":[213],"parents":[215],"made":[217,429],"sure":[218,430],"children":[221],"understood":[222],"impermanence":[224],"this":[226,419,456,549,606],"racism.":[227],"But":[228],"ironic":[231],"turn":[232],"own":[235],"personal":[236],"history,":[237],"left":[239,563],"South":[241],"study":[243],"Northeast":[246],"precisely":[247],"moment":[250],"when":[251,311,514,653,676],"momentous":[254],"challenges":[255],"Jim":[257,603,621],"Crow":[258],"began":[259],"develop.":[261],"high":[265],"school":[266],"New":[268],"York":[269],"during":[270,281],"sit-ins":[272],"Freedom":[275,278],"Rides.":[276],"Rides":[279],"continued":[280],"fall":[283],"first":[286],"semester":[287],"Brandeis":[289,674],"University,":[290],"only":[294,415,631],"vicarious":[296],"activist.":[297],"1963":[299],"bombing":[300],"16th":[303],"Street":[304],"Baptist":[305],"Church":[306],"Birmingham,":[308],"Alabama,":[309],"happened":[310],"participant":[315],"Junior":[318],"Year":[319],"Abroad":[320],"program":[321],"Paris.":[323],"felt":[325],"missing":[329],"dramatic":[332],"moments":[333],"struggle.":[337],"visual":[339],"urgency":[340],"Movement":[343],"assuaged":[344],"sense":[346],"grief":[348],"having":[350],"failed":[351,508],"be":[353],"part":[355,544],"world-historical":[358],"changes":[359],"United":[362],"States.":[363],"Several":[364],"decades":[365],"passed":[366],"realized":[369],"it":[371,552,667],"Martinez":[374],"who,":[375],"Schuster,":[385],"charged":[388],"keeping":[390],"abreast":[391],"developments":[393],"Student":[396],"Nonviolent":[397],"Coordinating":[398],"Committee":[399],"(SNCC)":[400],"person":[404],"pivotally":[405],"responsible":[406],"publication":[409],"Movement.":[412],"She":[413],"managed":[416],"get":[418],"book":[420],"released":[421],"major":[424],"publishing":[425],"company,":[426],"but":[427],"also":[428,533,584],"all":[432],"royalties":[434],"went":[435],"SNCC.":[437],"What":[438],"feat!":[441],"There":[442],"doubt":[445],"close":[447],"connection":[448],"exists":[449],"did":[454],"documentation":[457],"SNCC's":[459],"later":[465,641],"documentary":[466],"histories:":[467],"Five":[468,476],"Hundred":[469,477],"Years":[470,478],"Chicano":[472],"History":[473,482],"(1991)":[474],"Chicana":[480],"Women's":[481],"(2008).":[483],"This":[484],"kinship":[485],"publications":[487],"black":[489],"radical":[490,494],"Chicana/o":[493],"important":[498,543],"backdrop":[499],"black/brown":[502],"unity":[503],"upon":[504],"which":[505],"never":[507],"insist.":[510],"Some":[511],"years":[512],"later,":[513],"read":[516],"Power":[518],"(1967)":[519],"Stokely":[521],"Carmichael":[522],"(later":[523],"known":[524],"Kwame":[526],"Ture)":[527],"Charles":[529],"Hamilton,":[530],"entirely":[534],"unaware":[535],"editorial":[538],"prowess":[539],"played":[541],"shaping":[547],"book.":[550],"turned":[553,668],"out,":[554],"shortly":[555],"after":[556],"finished":[558],"Movement,":[560],"position":[565],"Schuster":[572],"become":[574],"involved":[575],"SNCC":[577,581,616],"full-time.":[578],"member,":[582],"worked":[585,618],"favorite":[591],"memoirs":[592],"era,":[595],"Making":[597],"Revolutionaries":[600],"(1972)":[601],"Forman.":[604,622],"During":[605],"period":[607],"myself":[609],"member":[612],"Los":[614],"Angeles":[615],"closely":[619],"living":[625],"separated":[632],"few":[635],"degrees":[636],"from":[637],"woman":[639],"came":[642,655],"know":[644,657],"Martinez.":[647],"matter":[650],"fact,":[652],"friend":[661],"we":[663],"shared":[664],"biographical":[665],"information,":[666],"out":[669],"visited":[673],"University":[675],"student":[680],"there.":[681],"\u2026":[682]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-10-10T17:16:08.811792","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
