{"id":"https://openalex.org/W80537261","doi":null,"title":"Monolithic THz Frequency Multipliers","display_name":"Monolithic THz Frequency Multipliers","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W80537261","mag":"80537261"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:80537261","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20020038959/downloads/20020038959.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S28621275","display_name":"Softwaretechnik-Trends","issn_l":"0720-8928","issn":["0720-8928"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Softwaretechnik-Trends","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033745734","display_name":"Neal R. Erickson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3512-6954","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3512-6954"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. R. Erickson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Univ. Amherst, MA United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Univ. Amherst, MA United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004131549","display_name":"Gopal Narayanan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4723-6569","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4723-6569"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gopal Narayanan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108527432","display_name":"R. M. Grosslein","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. M. Grosslein","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109884835","display_name":"S. Martin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Martin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Tech. Pasadena, CA, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Tech. Pasadena, CA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064914312","display_name":"Imran Mehdi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5213-4890","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5213-4890"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Imran Mehdi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Tech. Pasadena, CA, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5213-4890","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Tech. Pasadena, CA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109866740","display_name":"P. Smith","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Tech. Pasadena, CA, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Tech. Pasadena, CA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040364561","display_name":"M. Coulomb","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133738476","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Lowell","ror":"https://ror.org/03hamhx47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133738476"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Coulomb","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Univ. Lowell, MA United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Univ. Lowell, MA United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133738476"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043942943","display_name":"G. DeMartinez","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133738476","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Lowell","ror":"https://ror.org/03hamhx47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133738476"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. DeMartinez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Univ. Lowell, MA United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Univ. Lowell, MA United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133738476"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.602,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81669562,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"297","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11803","display_name":"Superconducting and THz Device Technology","score":0.7598000168800354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11803","display_name":"Superconducting and THz Device Technology","score":0.7598000168800354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.12020000070333481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10752","display_name":"Terahertz technology and applications","score":0.05460000038146973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monolithic-microwave-integrated-circuits","display_name":"monolithic microwave integrated circuits","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gallium-arsenide","display_name":"GaAs","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/first","display_name":"FIRST","score":0.35899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/airborne-applications","display_name":"airborne applications","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip-assembly","display_name":"chip assembly","score":0.4909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip-handling","display_name":"chip handling","score":0.5109999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/substrate-thickness","display_name":"substrate thickness","score":0.4490000009536743}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.649349570274353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.632444441318512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107816215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q647887","display_name":"Terahertz radiation","level":2,"score":0.5336172580718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.5275677442550659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.48435768485069275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.4290492534637451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190560348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3245116","display_name":"Circuit design","level":2,"score":0.41916099190711975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530198007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80831","display_name":"Integrated circuit","level":2,"score":0.41861242055892944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.33933210372924805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20163893699645996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.19810661673545837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.18140658736228943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.13980424404144287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.13915002346038818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08010891079902649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:80537261","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20020038959/downloads/20020038959.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S28621275","display_name":"Softwaretechnik-Trends","issn_l":"0720-8928","issn":["0720-8928"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Softwaretechnik-Trends","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1524194124","https://openalex.org/W2098207912","https://openalex.org/W2104302969","https://openalex.org/W2119772659","https://openalex.org/W2121233787","https://openalex.org/W2993806872","https://openalex.org/W3022800039"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2161757496","https://openalex.org/W3013464816","https://openalex.org/W1667558923","https://openalex.org/W7099431985","https://openalex.org/W2111707727","https://openalex.org/W1536051232","https://openalex.org/W2787961151","https://openalex.org/W2059058388","https://openalex.org/W4392024888","https://openalex.org/W2018523226"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Frequency":[0],"multipliers":[1],"are":[2,40,187],"required":[3],"as":[4,52,54,90,212,214],"local":[5],"oscillator":[6],"sources":[7],"for":[8,14,127],"frequencies":[9,22],"up":[10,170],"to":[11,35,97,148,154,175,218],"2.7":[12],"THz":[13],"FIRST":[15],"and":[16,28,79,116,141,162,190,216,227],"airborne":[17],"applications.":[18],"Multipliers":[19],"at":[20,104],"these":[21,191],"have":[23],"not":[24,49],"previously":[25],"been":[26],"demonstrated,":[27],"the":[29,69,75,86,99,105,125,150,177,198,206,209,219,222],"object":[30],"of":[31,71,85,101,138,197,221],"this":[32],"work":[33],"was":[34],"show":[36],"whether":[37],"such":[38],"circuits":[39,72],"really":[41],"practical.":[42],"A":[43],"practical":[44],"circuit":[45,87,93,112],"is":[46,55,66,73,94,113,122,145,238],"one":[47],"which":[48],"only":[50],"performs":[51],"well":[53],"required,":[56],"but":[57,103],"also":[58,192],"can":[59,133,157],"be":[60,158,168,202,232],"replicated":[61],"in":[62,77,208,234],"a":[63,91,109,128,235],"time":[64],"that":[65,155,165,237],"feasible.":[67],"As":[68],"frequency":[70],"increased,":[74],"difficulties":[76],"fabrication":[78],"assembly":[80,196],"increase":[81],"rapidly.":[82],"Building":[83],"all":[84],"on":[88],"GaAs":[89],"monolithic":[92,111],"highly":[95,239],"desirable":[96,147],"minimize":[98],"complexity":[100],"assembly,":[102],"highest":[106],"frequencies,":[107],"even":[108],"complete":[110],"extremely":[114],"small,":[115],"presents":[117],"serious":[118],"handling":[119,139],"difficulty.":[120],"This":[121],"compounded":[123],"by":[124],"requirement":[126],"very":[129,135,146,188,194],"thin":[130],"substrate.":[131],"Assembly":[132],"become":[134],"difficult":[136],"because":[137],"problems":[140],"critical":[142,195],"placement.":[143],"It":[144,200],"make":[149],"chip":[151],"big":[152],"enough":[153,164],"it":[156,166],"seen":[159],"without":[160],"magnification,":[161],"strong":[163],"may":[167],"picked":[169],"with":[171,184],"tweezers.":[172],"Machined":[173],"blocks":[174],"house":[176],"chips":[178],"present":[179],"an":[180],"additional":[181],"challenge.":[182],"Blocks":[183],"complex":[185],"features":[186,207],"expensive,":[189],"imply":[193],"parts.":[199],"would":[201],"much":[203],"better":[204],"if":[205],"block":[210],"were":[211],"simple":[213],"possible":[215],"non-critical":[217],"function":[220],"chip.":[223],"In":[224],"particular,":[225],"grounding":[226],"other":[228],"electrical":[229],"interfaces":[230],"should":[231],"done":[233],"manner":[236],"reproducible.":[240]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-02T10:15:12.560889","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}