{"id":"https://openalex.org/W80447338","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23860/diss-3985","title":"American masculinity and the gridiron: The development of the football narrative","display_name":"American masculinity and the gridiron: The development of the football narrative","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W80447338","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23860/diss-3985","mag":"80447338"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23860/diss-3985","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23860/diss-3985","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23860/diss-3985","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"University of Rhode Island","raw_type":"dissertation"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.23860/diss-3985","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055815625","display_name":"Donald L. Deardorff","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17626003","display_name":"University of Rhode Island","ror":"https://ror.org/013ckk937","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17626003"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Deardorff II, Donald Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Rhode Island"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Rhode Island","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17626003"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055815625"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17626003"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14518","display_name":"American Sports and Literature","score":0.7089999914169312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14518","display_name":"American Sports and Literature","score":0.7089999914169312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10942","display_name":"Sports, Gender, and Society","score":0.1200999990105629,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11888","display_name":"Gender Roles and Identity Studies","score":0.0430000014603138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/american-masculinity","display_name":"American masculinity","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/american-football","display_name":"American football","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/masculinity-in-literature","display_name":"masculinity in literature","score":0.5540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/masculinity-in-film","display_name":"masculinity in film","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/don-delillo","display_name":"Don DeLillo","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/end-zone","display_name":"end zone","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-roles","display_name":"gender roles","score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patriarchy","display_name":"patriarchy","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crisis-of-masculinity","display_name":"crisis of masculinity","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/1960s","display_name":"1960s","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/1970s","display_name":"1970s","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/1980s","display_name":"1980s","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/american-novel","display_name":"American novel","score":0.4309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/american-cinema","display_name":"American cinema","score":0.7649999856948853}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779103072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1076509","display_name":"Masculinity","level":2,"score":0.8537788391113281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199033989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318295","display_name":"Narrative","level":2,"score":0.7173352837562561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778444522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1081491","display_name":"Football","level":2,"score":0.7158747911453247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.536347508430481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3680565059185028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3207246959209442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.2526477575302124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.2393922507762909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.06547302007675171}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23860/diss-3985","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23860/diss-3985","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23860/diss-3985","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"University of Rhode Island","raw_type":"dissertation"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.cedarville.edu:faculty_dissertations-1071","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/faculty_dissertations/72","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196552","display_name":"DigitalCommons-Cedarville (Cedarville University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I169138485","host_organization_name":"Cedarville University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169138485"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faculty Dissertations","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.uri.edu:dissertations-1009","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/dissertations/AAI9526559","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196359","display_name":"Digital Commons - URI (University of Rhode Island)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I17626003","host_organization_name":"University of Rhode Island","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17626003"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Dissertations and Master's Theses (Campus Access)","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:80447338","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/faculty_dissertations/72/","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.23860/diss-3985","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23860/diss-3985","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23860/diss-3985","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"University of Rhode Island","raw_type":"dissertation"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W161535469","https://openalex.org/W3027823450","https://openalex.org/W3114415244","https://openalex.org/W3128992115","https://openalex.org/W7160458992","https://openalex.org/W7126887840","https://openalex.org/W4231831287","https://openalex.org/W7054655539","https://openalex.org/W3115772741","https://openalex.org/W2074862942"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Football":[0],"remains":[1],"a":[2,70,166,183,199,239,245,254],"highly":[3],"visible,":[4],"influential":[5],"part":[6,189],"of":[7,10,12,20,78,118,122,129,140,157,190,256,262,274,281,286,288],"the":[8,18,21,28,40,45,56,127,130,137,142,172,188,196,216,250,260,263,267,272,284],"lives":[9,153],"millions":[11],"American":[13,33,192,294],"men.":[14],"This":[15,133],"dissertation":[16,134],"traces":[17],"development":[19,128,139],"football":[22,31,48,68,131,146,232],"narrative":[23,147],"in":[24,60,80,126,151,185,204,244,293],"order":[25,61,81],"to":[26,55,62,74,82,159,164,206,227,269,278],"determine":[27],"relationship":[29],"between":[30],"and":[32,51,112,144,211,221,231,252,283],"masculinity":[34,186],"as":[35,69,198,238,290],"it":[36,162],"has":[37],"evolved":[38],"over":[39],"last":[41],"century.":[42],"To":[43,103],"conduct":[44],"study,":[46],"sixty":[47],"narratives":[49],"(novels":[50],"films)":[52],"from":[53],"1900":[54],"present":[57],"were":[58,92],"analyzed":[59],"explore":[63],"how":[64],"artists":[65],"have":[66,258],"used":[67],"medium":[71],"by":[72,182,235,265],"which":[73,119,154,205,241],"display":[75],"dominant":[76],"forms":[77],"manhood":[79],"reinforce,":[83],"satirize":[84],"or":[85],"otherwise":[86],"comment":[87],"on":[88,187],"them.":[89],"Four":[90],"texts":[91],"chosen":[93],"for":[94],"further":[95],"analysis,":[96],"including":[97],"Gilbert":[98],"Patten's":[99],"Frank":[100],"Merriwell":[101],"Returns":[102],"Yale,":[104],"North":[105],"Dallas":[106],"Forty":[107],"(film),":[108],"Everybody's":[109],"All-American":[110],"(film)":[111],"Don":[113],"DeLillo's":[114],"End":[115],"Zone,":[116],"each":[117],"represents":[120],"one":[121],"three":[123],"distinct":[124],"stages":[125],"narrative.":[132],"concludes":[135],"that":[136],"early":[138],"both":[141,271],"juvenile":[143],"adult":[145],"hinged":[148],"upon":[149],"\"crises\"":[150],"men's":[152],"caused":[155,224],"many":[156,191],"them":[158],"question":[160],"what":[161],"means":[163],"be":[165],"man.":[167],"These":[168],"watershed":[169],"periods":[170],"include":[171],"late":[173],"nineteenth":[174],"century":[175],"when":[176],"football's":[177,275],"popularization":[178],"was":[179,233],"strongly":[180],"influenced":[181],"\"crisis\"":[184],"men,":[193],"who":[194],"saw":[195],"game":[197,268],"virile,":[200],"ideal":[201],"masculine":[202,229,247,295],"sphere":[203],"cultivate":[207],"traditional":[208],"gender":[209],"roles":[210],"preserve":[212],"patriarchal":[213],"power.":[214],"In":[215,249],"1960's,":[217],"war,":[218],"political":[219],"upheaval":[220],"social":[222],"revolution":[223],"some":[225,236],"men":[226,243],"reevalute":[228],"standards,":[230],"depicted":[234],"writers":[237],"scourge":[240],"trapped":[242],"destructive":[246],"template.":[248],"1970's":[251],"1980's":[253],"handful":[255],"novels":[257],"signaled":[259],"maturation":[261],"genre":[264],"using":[266],"explain":[270],"importance":[273,285],"heroic":[276],"models":[277],"contemporary":[279],"standards":[280],"manliness":[282],"games":[287],"conquest":[289],"fundamental":[291],"agents":[292],"construction.":[296]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-26T07:47:46.906454","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}