{"id":"https://openalex.org/W80412147","doi":null,"title":"Practical guidelines for familial combined hyperlipidemia diagnosis: an up-date.","display_name":"Practical guidelines for familial combined hyperlipidemia diagnosis: an up-date.","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W80412147","mag":"80412147","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18200807","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2350131"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2350131","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2350131","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Vasc Health Risk Manag","raw_type":"Text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2350131","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026307792","display_name":"Antonio Vittorino Gaddi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0147-1894","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0147-1894"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonio Gaddi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Metabolic diseases and Atherosclerosis, University of Bologna, Italy. gaddiats@med.unibo.it"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Metabolic diseases and Atherosclerosis, University of Bologna, Italy. gaddiats@med.unibo.it","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068440626","display_name":"Arrigo F.G. Cicero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4367-3884","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4367-3884"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A F G Cicero","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113529749","display_name":"Fred O. Odoo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F O Odoo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"A A Poli","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A A Poli","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000676702","display_name":"R. Paoletti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2476-9477","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2476-9477"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R Paoletti","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6781,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":92,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90232938,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"6","first_page":"877","last_page":"86"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10394","display_name":"Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health","score":0.7074999809265137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10394","display_name":"Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health","score":0.7074999809265137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13430","display_name":"Lipid metabolism and disorders","score":0.2847000062465668,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10027","display_name":"Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins","score":0.005799999926239252,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/familial-combined-hyperlipidemia","display_name":"familial combined hyperlipidemia","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypercholesterolemia","display_name":"hypercholesterolemia","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypertriglyceridemia","display_name":"hypertriglyceridemia","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronary-heart-disease-risk","display_name":"coronary heart disease risk","score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/premature-coronary-artery-disease","display_name":"premature coronary artery disease","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acute-myocardial-infarction","display_name":"acute myocardial infarction","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metabolic-syndrome","display_name":"metabolic syndrome","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagnosis","display_name":"diagnosis","score":0.3149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-treatment","display_name":"early treatment","score":0.4950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-guidelines","display_name":"clinical guidelines","score":0.4699999988079071}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9309786558151245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779091943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1079120","display_name":"Hyperlipidemia","level":3,"score":0.7848440408706665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C500558357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12152","display_name":"Myocardial infarction","level":2,"score":0.702761173248291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780578515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657193","display_name":"Metabolic syndrome","level":3,"score":0.5860468149185181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.5624196529388428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779120738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2711291","display_name":"Familial hypercholesterolemia","level":3,"score":0.5172739624977112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.5118665099143982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4915965497493744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018906752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844935","display_name":"Coronary heart disease","level":2,"score":0.45599669218063354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.37626516819000244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.36726832389831543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.2864011526107788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778163477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43656","display_name":"Cholesterol","level":2,"score":0.20652106404304504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511355011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12174","display_name":"Obesity","level":2,"score":0.18957078456878662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.15136057138442993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.08895927667617798}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003937","descriptor_name":"Diagnosis, Differential","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006950","descriptor_name":"Hyperlipidemia, Familial Combined","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006950","descriptor_name":"Hyperlipidemia, Familial Combined","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006950","descriptor_name":"Hyperlipidemia, Familial Combined","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006950","descriptor_name":"Hyperlipidemia, Familial Combined","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008074","descriptor_name":"Lipoproteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015995","descriptor_name":"Prevalence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2350131","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2350131","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Vasc Health Risk Manag","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:18200807","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18200807","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Vascular health and risk management","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cris.unibo.it:11585/55285","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11585/55285","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11585/55285","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402579","display_name":"Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Universit\u00e0 di Bologna)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210117483","host_organization_name":"Istituto di Ematologia di Bologna","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117483"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2c642032d49248d9bea41181a0bd81d6","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2c642032d49248d9bea41181a0bd81d6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Vascular Health and Risk Management, Vol Volume 3, Pp 877-886 (2008)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"mag:80412147","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18200807","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2350131","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2350131","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Vasc Health Risk Manag","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W80412147.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W80412147.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":89,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W85952076","https://openalex.org/W95176216","https://openalex.org/W654009652","https://openalex.org/W1549672253","https://openalex.org/W1852041846","https://openalex.org/W1966374305","https://openalex.org/W1971185974","https://openalex.org/W1972533171","https://openalex.org/W1973296008","https://openalex.org/W1974408701","https://openalex.org/W1978754386","https://openalex.org/W1980322028","https://openalex.org/W1980462348","https://openalex.org/W1988205944","https://openalex.org/W1989905775","https://openalex.org/W1991659881","https://openalex.org/W1995526759","https://openalex.org/W2002345850","https://openalex.org/W2004282447","https://openalex.org/W2004653135","https://openalex.org/W2007322926","https://openalex.org/W2007555659","https://openalex.org/W2008363902","https://openalex.org/W2011972906","https://openalex.org/W2014347290","https://openalex.org/W2017014301","https://openalex.org/W2020377631","https://openalex.org/W2020829821","https://openalex.org/W2022805973","https://openalex.org/W2023076413","https://openalex.org/W2023828387","https://openalex.org/W2023992384","https://openalex.org/W2024596503","https://openalex.org/W2029561034","https://openalex.org/W2036538757","https://openalex.org/W2037104620","https://openalex.org/W2042489459","https://openalex.org/W2045872267","https://openalex.org/W2047309793","https://openalex.org/W2053456917","https://openalex.org/W2054212834","https://openalex.org/W2057334971","https://openalex.org/W2060143627","https://openalex.org/W2066228412","https://openalex.org/W2066638136","https://openalex.org/W2067923896","https://openalex.org/W2069055444","https://openalex.org/W2076368854","https://openalex.org/W2079068067","https://openalex.org/W2082964909","https://openalex.org/W2092823680","https://openalex.org/W2096711948","https://openalex.org/W2096932297","https://openalex.org/W2097079880","https://openalex.org/W2098349292","https://openalex.org/W2100929588","https://openalex.org/W2106607849","https://openalex.org/W2108150427","https://openalex.org/W2108573084","https://openalex.org/W2111097556","https://openalex.org/W2126876183","https://openalex.org/W2132631426","https://openalex.org/W2133747114","https://openalex.org/W2142802148","https://openalex.org/W2142909870","https://openalex.org/W2145496583","https://openalex.org/W2146278952","https://openalex.org/W2149677053","https://openalex.org/W2154157771","https://openalex.org/W2155441427","https://openalex.org/W2155725887","https://openalex.org/W2158376219","https://openalex.org/W2160595143","https://openalex.org/W2160623613","https://openalex.org/W2160689800","https://openalex.org/W2161818332","https://openalex.org/W2165539109","https://openalex.org/W2166820391","https://openalex.org/W2167855671","https://openalex.org/W2169705571","https://openalex.org/W2188263196","https://openalex.org/W2402092150","https://openalex.org/W2409495826","https://openalex.org/W2434576393","https://openalex.org/W2464143958","https://openalex.org/W2469269867","https://openalex.org/W3145894777","https://openalex.org/W4205288846","https://openalex.org/W4249825849"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4239975786","https://openalex.org/W7101176154","https://openalex.org/W2075028438","https://openalex.org/W6981797378","https://openalex.org/W171642141","https://openalex.org/W4403473795","https://openalex.org/W3174561320","https://openalex.org/W1599072399","https://openalex.org/W2097754892","https://openalex.org/W2209472431"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Familial":[0],"combined":[1],"hyperlidemia":[2],"(FCH)":[3],"is":[4,46,50,126,137],"a":[5],"common":[6,55],"metabolic":[7,121],"disorder":[8],"characterized":[9],"by:":[10],"(a)":[11],"increase":[12],"in":[13,17,58,69,146],"cholesterolemia":[14],"and/or":[15],"triglyceridemia":[16],"at":[18],"least":[19],"two":[20],"members":[21],"of":[22,31,39,52,104,108,113,120,134,143,160],"the":[23,32,53,59,66,93,105,114,118,140,144],"same":[24],"family,":[25],"(b)":[26],"intra-individual":[27],"and":[28,35,49,75,111,130,152],"intrafamilial":[29],"variability":[30,107],"lipid":[33],"phenotype,":[34],"(c)":[36],"increased":[37],"risk":[38],"premature":[40],"coronary":[41],"heart":[42],"disease":[43,125,145],"(CHD).":[44],"FCH":[45],"very":[47],"frequent":[48,68,115],"one":[51],"most":[54,67],"genetic":[56],"hyperlipidemias":[57],"general":[60],"population":[61],"(prevalence":[62],"estimated:":[63],"0.5%-2.0%),":[64],"being":[65],"patients":[70],"affected":[71],"by":[72,155,158],"CHD":[73],"(10%)":[74],"among":[76],"acute":[77],"myocardial":[78,94],"infarction":[79,95],"survivors":[80,96],"aged":[81],"less":[82],"than":[83],"60":[84],"(11.3%).":[85],"This":[86],"percentage":[87],"increases":[88],"to":[89,138,148],"40%":[90],"when":[91],"all":[92,156],"are":[97],"considered":[98],"without":[99],"age":[100],"limits.":[101],"However,":[102],"because":[103,112],"peculiar":[106],"laboratory":[109],"parameters,":[110],"overlapping":[116],"with":[117],"features":[119],"syndrome,":[122],"this":[123,135],"serious":[124],"often":[127],"not":[128],"recognized":[129],"treated.":[131],"The":[132],"aim":[133],"review":[136],"define":[139],"main":[141],"characteristics":[142],"order":[147],"simplify":[149],"its":[150],"detection":[151],"early":[153],"treatment":[154],"physicians":[157],"mean":[159],"practical":[161],"guidelines.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}