{"id":"https://openalex.org/W8029427","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32655/ltba.17.1.02","title":"Parallel grammaticalizations in Tibeto-Burman languages: evidence of Sapir's 'drift'","display_name":"Parallel grammaticalizations in Tibeto-Burman languages: evidence of Sapir's 'drift'","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W8029427","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32655/ltba.17.1.02","mag":"8029427"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.32655/ltba.17.1.02","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32655/ltba.17.1.02","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32655/ltba.17.1.02","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764856260","display_name":"Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area","issn_l":"0731-3500","issn":["0731-3500","2214-5907"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320402","host_organization_name":"John Benjamins Publishing Company","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320402"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["John Benjamins Publishing Company"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078937266","display_name":"Randy J. LaPolla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6100-6196","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6100-6196"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84653119","display_name":"Academia Sinica","ror":"https://ror.org/05bxb3784","country_code":"TW","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84653119"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Randy J. LaPolla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Academia Sinica )"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Academia Sinica )","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84653119"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078937266"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84653119"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.6515,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":117,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91035377,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12768","display_name":"Linguistics and language evolution","score":0.7705000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12768","display_name":"Linguistics and language evolution","score":0.7705000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10034","display_name":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","score":0.13850000500679016,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13156","display_name":"Historical Linguistics and Language Studies","score":0.05550000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grammaticalization","display_name":"grammaticalization","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-change","display_name":"language change","score":0.609000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tibeto-burman-languages","display_name":"Tibeto-Burman languages","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dialect-variation","display_name":"dialect variation","score":0.4300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/historical-linguistics","display_name":"historical linguistics","score":0.671999990940094}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115786838","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192105","display_name":"Unconscious mind","level":2,"score":0.5613707304000854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.46746113896369934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.46741199493408203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780226923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929848","display_name":"Movement (music)","level":2,"score":0.4517591893672943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.4184761941432953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.41250079870224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.34028947353363037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.32131919264793396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.20210570096969604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.16049295663833618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.15685930848121643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.12870019674301147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.06577315926551819}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.32655/ltba.17.1.02","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32655/ltba.17.1.02","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32655/ltba.17.1.02","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764856260","display_name":"Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area","issn_l":"0731-3500","issn":["0731-3500","2214-5907"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320402","host_organization_name":"John Benjamins Publishing Company","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320402"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["John Benjamins Publishing Company"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.ntu.edu.sg:10356/179349","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32655/LTBA.17.1.02","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402609","display_name":"DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","host_organization_name":"Nanyang Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W30076258","https://openalex.org/W184593747","https://openalex.org/W354369746","https://openalex.org/W378345150","https://openalex.org/W634752292","https://openalex.org/W1523369921","https://openalex.org/W1687743765","https://openalex.org/W1970646845","https://openalex.org/W2005767442","https://openalex.org/W2022325188","https://openalex.org/W2029533365","https://openalex.org/W2072369862","https://openalex.org/W2077005598","https://openalex.org/W2083692426","https://openalex.org/W2088451962","https://openalex.org/W2127591303","https://openalex.org/W2318760521","https://openalex.org/W2320812681","https://openalex.org/W2326439665"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6945468736","https://openalex.org/W2351507313","https://openalex.org/W6960923786","https://openalex.org/W2260650001","https://openalex.org/W1882135269","https://openalex.org/W2048133745","https://openalex.org/W1602776191","https://openalex.org/W3217133821","https://openalex.org/W7032816596","https://openalex.org/W4230417282"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,79],"chapters":[1],"seven":[2],"and":[3,51,187,236],"eight":[4],"of":[5,44,49,63,111,123,126,149,154,181,200,231,242],"his":[6],"book":[7],"Language,":[8],"Sapir":[9,224],"talked":[10],"about":[11],"what":[12],"he":[13,237],"called":[14],"'drift',":[15],"the":[16,52,104,107,117,121,143,146,150,172,178,201,206,214,229,232,243,246,259],"changes":[17],"that":[18,34,130,160,167,193,223,239,252],"a":[19,61,69,94,112,155,182],"language":[20,113,156,161,183],"undergoes":[21],"through":[22,258],"time.":[23],"He":[24],"characterized":[25],"it":[26,41,87,90],"this":[27,220],"way:":[28],"ILlanguage":[29],"is":[30,35,114,162,219,226,249],"not":[31],"merely":[32],"something":[33],"spread":[36],"out":[37],"in":[38,46,60,93,103,133,142],"space,":[39],"as":[40,98],"were\u2014a":[42],"series":[43],"reflections":[45],"individual":[47,84,128],"minds":[48],"one":[50],"same":[53,173,260],"timeless":[54],"picture.":[55],"Language":[56],"moves":[57],"down":[58],"time":[59],"current":[62],"its":[64,124,185,188],"own":[65],"making.":[66],"It":[67,218],"has":[68,77,184],"drift":[70,76,110,180,248],".":[71,72,73],"The":[74,109],"linguistic":[75],"direction.":[78,136],"other":[80],"words,":[81],"only":[82,99],"those":[83,127,191],"variations":[85,129],"embody":[86],"or":[88,261],"carry":[89],"which":[91],"move":[92,170],"certain":[95,100],"direction,":[96],"just":[97],"wave":[101],"movements":[102],"bay":[105],"outline":[106],"tide.":[108],"constituted":[115],"by":[116],"unconscious":[118],"selection":[119],"on":[120],"part":[122],"speakers":[125],"are":[131,157],"cumulative":[132],"some":[134],"special":[135],"This":[137],"direction":[138],"may":[139,210],"be":[140,199],"inferred,":[141],"main,":[144],"from":[145],"past":[147],"history":[148],"language.":[151],"(1921:150/155)":[152],"Dialects":[153],"formed":[158],"when":[159],"broken":[163],"into":[164],"different":[165],"segments":[166],"no":[168],"longer":[169],"along":[171],"exact":[174],"drift.":[175],"Even":[176],"so,":[177],"general":[179],"deep":[186],"shallow":[189,203],"currents;":[190],"features":[192],"distinguish":[194],"closely":[195],"related":[196],"dialects":[197,215],"will":[198,256],"rapid,":[202],"currents,":[204],"while":[205],"deeper,":[207],"slower":[208],"currents":[209],"remain":[211],"consistent":[212],"between":[213],"for":[216],"millennia.":[217],"latter":[221],"type":[222],"felt":[225],"'fundamental":[227],"to":[228],"genius":[230],"language'":[233],"(p.":[234,265],"172),":[235],"said":[238],"'The":[240],"momentum":[241],"more":[244],"fundamental,":[245],"pre-dialectal,":[247],"often":[250],"such":[251],"languages":[253],"long":[254],"disconnected":[255],"pass":[257],"strikingly":[262],"similar":[263],"phases'":[264],"172).":[266]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}