{"id":"https://openalex.org/W798524363","doi":null,"title":"Episiotomy use at operative vaginal delivery","display_name":"Episiotomy use at operative vaginal delivery","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W798524363","mag":"798524363"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:hdl:10068/1004099","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10068/1004099","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196900","display_name":"OpenGrey (Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1295345811","host_organization_name":"Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1295345811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"U - Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052420880","display_name":"Maureen Macleod","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7536-8198","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7536-8198"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Maureen Macleod","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7536-8198","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5052420880"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10453","display_name":"Maternal and Perinatal Health Interventions","score":0.7856000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2729","display_name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10453","display_name":"Maternal and Perinatal Health Interventions","score":0.7856000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2729","display_name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10418","display_name":"Pelvic floor disorders treatments","score":0.1956000030040741,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2748","display_name":"Urology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10189","display_name":"Anesthesia and Pain Management","score":0.0034000000450760126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2703","display_name":"Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/episiotomy","display_name":"episiotomy","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instrumental-delivery","display_name":"instrumental delivery","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/restrictive-episiotomy","display_name":"restrictive episiotomy","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anal-sphincter-tears","display_name":"anal sphincter tears","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postpartum-hemorrhage","display_name":"postpartum hemorrhage","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perineal-infection","display_name":"perineal infection","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vacuum-extraction","display_name":"vacuum extraction","score":0.6930000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forceps-delivery","display_name":"forceps delivery","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urinary-incontinence","display_name":"urinary incontinence","score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dyspareunia","display_name":"dyspareunia","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perineal-pain","display_name":"perineal pain","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postpartum-morbidity","display_name":"postpartum morbidity","score":0.5910000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-professionals-attitudes","display_name":"clinician attitudes","score":0.6290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feasibility-study","display_name":"feasibility study","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postpartum-follow-up","display_name":"postpartum follow-up","score":0.5960000157356262}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777362633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1137446","display_name":"Episiotomy","level":3,"score":0.9122569561004639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778408130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6679974","display_name":"Vaginal delivery","level":3,"score":0.6715067625045776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5320442914962769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131872663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5284418","display_name":"Obstetrics","level":1,"score":0.5275052785873413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779234561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995","display_name":"Pregnancy","level":2,"score":0.21026483178138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.10993492603302002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:hdl:10068/1004099","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10068/1004099","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196900","display_name":"OpenGrey (Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1295345811","host_organization_name":"Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1295345811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"U - Thesis"},{"id":"mag:798524363","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.578823","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":165,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W31920784","https://openalex.org/W92215966","https://openalex.org/W116338027","https://openalex.org/W128812865","https://openalex.org/W198978728","https://openalex.org/W780781460","https://openalex.org/W1484000779","https://openalex.org/W1496431809","https://openalex.org/W1539261151","https://openalex.org/W1566736978","https://openalex.org/W1567179552","https://openalex.org/W1775035413","https://openalex.org/W1778693217","https://openalex.org/W1834977864","https://openalex.org/W1891108095","https://openalex.org/W1921919552","https://openalex.org/W1949030994","https://openalex.org/W1964749510","https://openalex.org/W1965725884","https://openalex.org/W1967312126","https://openalex.org/W1967583979","https://openalex.org/W1968258091","https://openalex.org/W1968860914","https://openalex.org/W1970624087","https://openalex.org/W1972902868","https://openalex.org/W1973007154","https://openalex.org/W1973544908","https://openalex.org/W1975980766","https://openalex.org/W1976695486","https://openalex.org/W1980592488","https://openalex.org/W1981916115","https://openalex.org/W1982664899","https://openalex.org/W1983505049","https://openalex.org/W1985554918","https://openalex.org/W1985655400","https://openalex.org/W1986711845","https://openalex.org/W1986929271","https://openalex.org/W1987520506","https://openalex.org/W1989942200","https://openalex.org/W1990470534","https://openalex.org/W1990743521","https://openalex.org/W1991778524","https://openalex.org/W1997879269","https://openalex.org/W1998004937","https://openalex.org/W1998196507","https://openalex.org/W1999218614","https://openalex.org/W2002670689","https://openalex.org/W2003660819","https://openalex.org/W2004564420","https://openalex.org/W2004970514","https://openalex.org/W2005415125","https://openalex.org/W2008713684","https://openalex.org/W2008950954","https://openalex.org/W2009831907","https://openalex.org/W2011684056","https://openalex.org/W2012827549","https://openalex.org/W2014128173","https://openalex.org/W2016177505","https://openalex.org/W2016651249","https://openalex.org/W2018615361","https://openalex.org/W2018899833","https://openalex.org/W2019058643","https://openalex.org/W2020540639","https://openalex.org/W2023315209","https://openalex.org/W2023381190","https://openalex.org/W2023637364","https://openalex.org/W2024619085","https://openalex.org/W2024802108","https://openalex.org/W2025578873","https://openalex.org/W2026652091","https://openalex.org/W2028405202","https://openalex.org/W2028835676","https://openalex.org/W2028918139","https://openalex.org/W2030242869","https://openalex.org/W2030628351","https://openalex.org/W2032535142","https://openalex.org/W2032770290","https://openalex.org/W2033554556","https://openalex.org/W2034270650","https://openalex.org/W2034333564","https://openalex.org/W2035885807","https://openalex.org/W2036377042","https://openalex.org/W2037477438","https://openalex.org/W2037926676","https://openalex.org/W2037931210","https://openalex.org/W2038089356","https://openalex.org/W2038372842","https://openalex.org/W2039176191","https://openalex.org/W2041094923","https://openalex.org/W2041580735","https://openalex.org/W2042378472","https://openalex.org/W2044776426","https://openalex.org/W2045684707","https://openalex.org/W2047727594","https://openalex.org/W2048284641","https://openalex.org/W2049550345","https://openalex.org/W2051902621","https://openalex.org/W2054730855","https://openalex.org/W2058119598","https://openalex.org/W2059028427","https://openalex.org/W2060573550","https://openalex.org/W2061476828","https://openalex.org/W2064418582","https://openalex.org/W2064757343","https://openalex.org/W2064928237","https://openalex.org/W2069761824","https://openalex.org/W2070833226","https://openalex.org/W2071248639","https://openalex.org/W2072780813","https://openalex.org/W2074436470","https://openalex.org/W2081434828","https://openalex.org/W2081803685","https://openalex.org/W2082258197","https://openalex.org/W2082794304","https://openalex.org/W2084518320","https://openalex.org/W2084793753","https://openalex.org/W2085420356","https://openalex.org/W2087019863","https://openalex.org/W2088823277","https://openalex.org/W2090474268","https://openalex.org/W2092288931","https://openalex.org/W2093477990","https://openalex.org/W2099896190","https://openalex.org/W2101339603","https://openalex.org/W2105581520","https://openalex.org/W2107889294","https://openalex.org/W2111096898","https://openalex.org/W2111754109","https://openalex.org/W2113950993","https://openalex.org/W2116329341","https://openalex.org/W2117300470","https://openalex.org/W2121282677","https://openalex.org/W2124660213","https://openalex.org/W2125070112","https://openalex.org/W2130081154","https://openalex.org/W2131179207","https://openalex.org/W2133844476","https://openalex.org/W2136815452","https://openalex.org/W2137326245","https://openalex.org/W2138108940","https://openalex.org/W2140409698","https://openalex.org/W2141709614","https://openalex.org/W2142960568","https://openalex.org/W2146018925","https://openalex.org/W2148723737","https://openalex.org/W2153739962","https://openalex.org/W2156825773","https://openalex.org/W2158256576","https://openalex.org/W2161604730","https://openalex.org/W2164162709","https://openalex.org/W2167388126","https://openalex.org/W2170911786","https://openalex.org/W2178074535","https://openalex.org/W2234821857","https://openalex.org/W2324678244","https://openalex.org/W2332840599","https://openalex.org/W2341671535","https://openalex.org/W2410998788","https://openalex.org/W2466720891","https://openalex.org/W2502735539","https://openalex.org/W2798015249","https://openalex.org/W2810849382","https://openalex.org/W3022868799","https://openalex.org/W3157105012","https://openalex.org/W4229913651"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2053910862","https://openalex.org/W1967273384","https://openalex.org/W2025918629","https://openalex.org/W2014070199","https://openalex.org/W7165956125","https://openalex.org/W6967594709","https://openalex.org/W2157622523","https://openalex.org/W2747967728","https://openalex.org/W2136815452","https://openalex.org/W2981046397"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Episiotomy,":[0],"a":[1,39,53,68,104,144,227,259,341],"component":[2],"of":[3,41,59,73,78,102,149,169,185,295,304,309,340],"operative":[4],"vaginal":[5,26],"delivery":[6,27,82],"(OVD),":[7],"aims":[8],"to":[9,44,118,125,138,153,158,166,222,230,236,297,320,331],"prevent":[10],"anal":[11,170,241],"sphincter":[12,171,242],"tears":[13,243],"and":[14,56,65,83,116,123,204,264,268,316],"associated":[15,180,274],"sequelae.":[16],"Robust":[17],"evidence":[18,32],"suggests":[19],"restrictive":[20,84,228,321],"use":[21,77,85,155,206,232,272,303,333],"should":[22],"be":[23,119,167,258],"adopted":[24],"at":[25,34,80,86,156,334],"but":[28,178],"poor":[29],"quality":[30],"contradictory":[31],"exists":[33],"OVD.":[35],"This":[36,323],"thesis":[37],"concerns":[38],"series":[40],"studies":[42],"conducted":[43,143],"address":[45],"this":[46],"gap":[47],"in":[48,62,128,151,261,278],"knowledge.":[49],"Formative":[50],"work":[51],"established":[52,99],"priori":[54],"views":[55],"current":[57,327],"practice":[58,328],"all":[60],"obstetricians":[61],"the":[63,92,100,129,133,139,338],"UK":[64],"Ireland":[66],"via":[67],"national":[69],"survey.":[70],"The":[71,214],"majority":[72],"clinicians":[74],"preferred":[75],"routine":[76,302],"episiotomy":[79,154,231,305,332],"forceps":[81,269],"vacuum.":[87],"Respondents":[88],"indicated":[89],"support":[90],"for":[91,121],"planned":[93],"pilot":[94,105,135,140,217,324],"RCT.":[95,136],"A":[96,291],"feasibility":[97],"study":[98,130,147],"possibility":[101],"conducting":[103],"RCT":[106,325],"with":[107,181,275],"its":[108,160],"known":[109],"complexities.":[110],"Data":[111],"collection":[112],"tools":[113],"were":[114],"developed":[115],"found":[117,165],"fit":[120],"purpose":[122],"acceptable":[124],"women.":[126],"Shortcomings":[127],"design":[131],"informed":[132],"proposed":[134],"Contemporaneous":[137],"RCT,":[141,218],"we":[142],"prospective":[145],"cohort":[146],"(n=1360)":[148],"morbidity":[150],"relation":[152],"OVD":[157,335],"contextualise":[159],"findings.":[161],"Episiotomy":[162],"was":[163,179,273],"not":[164,220,234],"protective":[168],"tears,":[172],"shoulder":[173],"dystocia":[174],"or":[175,238],"neonatal":[176],"trauma":[177],"an":[182,276],"increased":[183],"risk":[184],"postpartum":[186,300],"haemorrhage":[187],"[adjusted":[188,197,207],"OR":[189,198,208,248,284],"1.72":[190],"(95%CI":[191,200,210],"1.21":[192],"\u2013":[193,202,212,253],"2.45)],":[194],"perineal":[195,317],"infection":[196],"4.04":[199],"1.44":[201],"11.37)]":[203],"analgesic":[205],"3.35":[209],"2.49":[211],"4.51)].":[213],"two":[215],"centred":[216],"while":[219],"powered":[221],"provide":[223],"definitive":[224,342],"evidence,":[225],"suggested":[226,301],"approach":[229,330],"does":[233],"appear":[235],"reduce":[237],"greatly":[239],"increase":[240,277],"[8.1%":[244],"vs":[245,281],"10.9%,":[246],"adjusted":[247,283],"0.77,":[249],"(95%":[250,286],"CI":[251,287],"0.28":[252],"2.10)].":[254],"There":[255],"may":[256,306],"however":[257],"difference":[260],"effect":[262],"size":[263],"direction":[265],"between":[266],"vacuum":[267],"use.":[270,322],"Routine":[271],"PPH":[279],"[36%":[280],"27%;":[282],"1.88,":[285],"0.99":[288],"-":[289],"3.57)].":[290],"longitudinal":[292],"follow":[293],"up":[294],"participants":[296],"one":[298],"year":[299],"decrease":[307],"rates":[308],"urinary":[310],"morbidity,":[311],"particularly":[312],"stress":[313],"incontinence;":[314],"dyspareunia;":[315],"pain":[318],"compared":[319],"supports":[326],"regarding":[329],"meantime,":[336],"pending":[337],"results":[339],"study.":[343]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
