{"id":"https://openalex.org/W79796650","doi":null,"title":"Re-Viewing from Within: A Commentary on First- and Second-Person Methods in the Science of Consciousness","display_name":"Re-Viewing from Within: A Commentary on First- and Second-Person Methods in the Science of Consciousness","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-03-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W79796650","mag":"79796650"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:79796650","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://constructivist.info/6/2/254.froese.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S91348919","display_name":"Constructivist Foundations","issn_l":"1782-348X","issn":["1782-348X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4366716329","host_organization_name":"Free University of Brussels","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4366716329"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Free University of Brussels"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Constructivist Foundations","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041658140","display_name":"Tom Froese","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9899-5274","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9899-5274"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tom Froese","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9899-5274","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051642716","display_name":"Cassandra Gould van Praag","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8584-4637","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8584-4637"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cassandra Gould van Praag","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8584-4637","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012720030","display_name":"Adam B. Barrett","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4174-7779","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4174-7779"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adam B. Barrett","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4174-7779","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.4411,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":55,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96488831,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"2","first_page":"254","last_page":"269"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10258","display_name":"Philosophy and Theoretical Science","score":0.8871999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10258","display_name":"Philosophy and Theoretical Science","score":0.8871999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11592","display_name":"Phenomenology and Existential Philosophy","score":0.02810000069439411,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11883","display_name":"Embodied and Extended Cognition","score":0.022600000724196434,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/first-person-methods","display_name":"first-person methods","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consciousness-studies","display_name":"consciousness studies","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurophenomenology","display_name":"neurophenomenology","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/francisco-varela","display_name":"Francisco Varela","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-reflection","display_name":"self-reflection","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lived-experience","display_name":"lived experience","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constructivism","display_name":"constructivism","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/role-of-the-observer","display_name":"observer role","score":0.597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/second-order-cybernetics","display_name":"second-order cybernetics","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology-of-consciousness","display_name":"epistemology of consciousness","score":0.7400000095367432}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129671850","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210501","display_name":"Introspection","level":2,"score":0.9128841161727905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192177671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593711","display_name":"Neurophenomenology","level":3,"score":0.7623032927513123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186720457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7087","display_name":"Consciousness","level":2,"score":0.7003219127655029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.565464198589325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84269361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179235","display_name":"Phenomenology (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.535528302192688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.5298675894737244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.47393137216567993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133281099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783023","display_name":"Constructivism (international relations)","level":4,"score":0.468310683965683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37228920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1307600","display_name":"Experiential learning","level":2,"score":0.4633169174194336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777407727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431627","display_name":"Enactivism","level":3,"score":0.4558578133583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79053195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168338","display_name":"Behaviorism","level":2,"score":0.4475211203098297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521822307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108458","display_name":"Meditation","level":2,"score":0.4112771153450012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34048319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599967","display_name":"Autopoiesis","level":2,"score":0.376883327960968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.21674132347106934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.15573173761367798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34355311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166542","display_name":"International relations","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27206212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34178","display_name":"Theology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:79796650","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://constructivist.info/6/2/254.froese.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S91348919","display_name":"Constructivist Foundations","issn_l":"1782-348X","issn":["1782-348X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4366716329","host_organization_name":"Free University of Brussels","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4366716329"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Free University of Brussels"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Constructivist Foundations","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.7300000190734863}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W8321863","https://openalex.org/W22765568","https://openalex.org/W109508954","https://openalex.org/W1493687423","https://openalex.org/W1498635915","https://openalex.org/W1991048582","https://openalex.org/W1997508929","https://openalex.org/W2000437434","https://openalex.org/W2019774050","https://openalex.org/W2059838760","https://openalex.org/W2064648033","https://openalex.org/W2065314575","https://openalex.org/W2080624414","https://openalex.org/W2087658427","https://openalex.org/W2093020640","https://openalex.org/W2113034208","https://openalex.org/W2124167951","https://openalex.org/W2128348355","https://openalex.org/W2137015599","https://openalex.org/W2146431307","https://openalex.org/W2158935941","https://openalex.org/W2161687523","https://openalex.org/W2162059993","https://openalex.org/W2186090371","https://openalex.org/W2342804918","https://openalex.org/W2575483892","https://openalex.org/W3121333837","https://openalex.org/W3125707752","https://openalex.org/W3126609665"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7033399810","https://openalex.org/W7097468245","https://openalex.org/W2553870052","https://openalex.org/W1521432141","https://openalex.org/W4253418698","https://openalex.org/W157743100","https://openalex.org/W2494208458","https://openalex.org/W7029521699","https://openalex.org/W7095685137","https://openalex.org/W656643773"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"There":[0],"is":[1,164,200,330],"a":[2,104,108,126,133,144,165,258,338],"growing":[3,119],"recognition":[4],"in":[5,34,70,141,160,173,177,212,220,283,289,300,318],"consciousness":[6,122,221,304],"science":[7,222,259,302],"of":[8,21,26,52,55,62,77,81,87,93,99,110,121,129,136,187,193,206,236,241,246,249,257,260,266,286,292,295,303,309,315,341],"the":[9,30,35,38,50,56,85,118,130,137,157,185,194,244,255,284,287,290,301,316,320,334,352],"need":[10],"for":[11,14,107,168],"rigorous":[12],"methods":[13,64,113,155,235,273,326,335],"obtaining":[15],"accurate":[16],"and":[17,42,60,65,179,217,243,271,324],"detailed":[18],"phenomenological":[19],"reports":[20,248],"lived":[22,188],"experience,":[23],"i.e.,":[24],"descriptions":[25],"experience":[27,251],"provided":[28],"by":[29,233,331],"subject":[31],"living":[32],"them":[33],"\u201cfirst-person.\u201d":[36],"At":[37],"moment":[39],"although":[40],"introspection":[41],"debriefing":[43],"interviews":[44],"are":[45,171,327],"sometimes":[46],"used":[47,211],"to":[48,84,151,184,223,336,349],"guide":[49],"design":[51],"scientific":[53,72],"studies":[54,140],"mind,":[57],"explicit":[58],"description":[59],"evaluation":[61],"these":[63,112,207,298],"their":[66],"results":[67,225],"rarely":[68],"appear":[69],"formal":[71],"discourse.":[73],"The":[74,97,162,239],"recent":[75,175],"publication":[76],"an":[78,342],"edited":[79],"book":[80,131,163],"papers":[82],"dedicated":[83],"exploration":[86],"first-and":[88],"second-person":[89,180,272,325],"methods,":[90,181],"Ten":[91],"Years":[92],"Viewing":[94],"from":[95,322,351],"Within:":[96],"Legacy":[98],"Francisco":[100],"Varela,":[101],"serves":[102],"as":[103,182,201],"starting":[105],"point":[106],"discussion":[109],"how":[111],"could":[114,227],"be":[115,265,347],"integrated":[116],"into":[117],"discipline":[120],"science.":[123],"We":[124],"complement":[125],"brief":[127],"review":[128,192],"with":[132,156,214],"critical":[134],"analysis":[135],"major":[138],"pilot":[139],"Varela\u2019s":[142],"neurophenomenology,":[143],"research":[145],"program":[146],"that":[147,198,226,345],"was":[148],"explicitly":[149],"devised":[150],"integrate":[152],"disciplined":[153],"experiential":[154],"latest":[158],"advances":[159,176],"neuroscience.":[161],"valuable":[166],"resource":[167],"those":[169],"who":[170],"interested":[172,282],"impressive":[174],"first-":[178,270,323],"applied":[183],"phenomenology":[186],"experience.":[189],"However,":[190],"our":[191,293],"neurophenomenology":[195],"literature":[196],"concludes":[197],"there":[199],"yet":[202],"no":[203],"convincing":[204],"example":[205],"specialized":[208],"techniques":[209],"being":[210,328],"combination":[213],"standard":[215],"behavioral":[216],"neuroscientific":[218],"approaches":[219],"produce":[224],"not":[228],"have":[229,252],"also":[230],"been":[231,281],"achieved":[232],"simpler":[234],"introspective":[237],"reporting.":[238],"end":[240],"behaviorism":[242],"acceptance":[245],"verbal":[247],"conscious":[250],"already":[253],"enabled":[254],"beginning":[256],"consciousness.":[261],"It":[262],"can":[263],"only":[264],"benefit":[267],"if":[268],"new":[269,307],"become":[274],"well-known":[275],"across":[276],"disciplines.":[277],"Constructivism":[278],"has":[279],"long":[280],"role":[285],"observer":[288],"constitution":[291],"sense":[294],"reality,":[296],"so":[297],"developments":[299],"may":[305],"open":[306],"avenues":[308],"constructivist":[310],"research.":[311],"More":[312],"specifically,":[313],"one":[314],"ways":[317],"which":[319],"insights":[321],"validated":[329],"recursively":[332],"applying":[333],"themselves;":[337],"practical":[339],"application":[340],"epistemological":[343],"move":[344],"will":[346],"familiar":[348],"constructivists":[350],"second-order":[353],"cybernetics":[354],"tradition.":[355]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}