{"id":"https://openalex.org/W79746132","doi":null,"title":"Systems Modelling: Theory and Practice","display_name":"Systems Modelling: Theory and Practice","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W79746132","mag":"79746132"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-012835343","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/wiley041/2003025149.html","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027815806","display_name":"Michael Pidd","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2132-3410","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2132-3410"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael Pidd","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2132-3410","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027815806"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":22.0606,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":227,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99628297,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11810","display_name":"Complex Systems and Decision Making","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11810","display_name":"Complex Systems and Decision Making","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12000","display_name":"Systems Engineering Methodologies and Applications","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11195","display_name":"Simulation Techniques and Applications","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-modeling","display_name":"system modeling","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complementarity","display_name":"complementarity","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soft-systems-methodology","display_name":"soft systems methodology","score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"operations research","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complexity","display_name":"complexity","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-change","display_name":"organizational change","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-dependency-care","display_name":"high dependency care","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tax-policy","display_name":"tax policy","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-models","display_name":"mental models","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-dynamics","display_name":"system dynamics","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-learning","display_name":"organizational learning","score":0.5649999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wicked-problems","display_name":"wicked problems","score":0.5680000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management-consulting","display_name":"management consulting","score":0.39800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oil-industry","display_name":"oil and gas industry","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/change-management","display_name":"change management","score":0.328000009059906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202269582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2644277","display_name":"Complementarity (molecular biology)","level":2,"score":0.8542726039886475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141846272","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q613474","display_name":"Soft systems methodology","level":4,"score":0.7603793144226074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27177047","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269699","display_name":"Systems thinking","level":2,"score":0.5386798977851868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63108463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581233","display_name":"Complex adaptive system","level":2,"score":0.5342674851417542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.4996359348297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.47348058223724365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.45862266421318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.4004221558570862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.37953469157218933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.3517352044582367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.3482740521430969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.30081698298454285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.26243478059768677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2532017230987549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.1940162479877472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180198813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121182","display_name":"Information system","level":2,"score":0.15611416101455688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.11197000741958618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.11173084378242493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29848774","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61905","display_name":"Management information systems","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-012835343","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/wiley041/2003025149.html","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.lancs.ac.uk:47708","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/47708/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401916","display_name":"Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","host_organization_name":"Lancaster University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Book/Report/Proceedings"},{"id":"mag:79746132","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/47708/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306464293","display_name":"Wiley eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"John Wiley & Sons eBooks","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.4699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1605979416","https://openalex.org/W2899200799","https://openalex.org/W2789205777","https://openalex.org/W7097910330","https://openalex.org/W7095661048","https://openalex.org/W2032151549","https://openalex.org/W3008423977","https://openalex.org/W1968044930","https://openalex.org/W7095835415","https://openalex.org/W2898677161"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"List":[0],"of":[1,62,119,143,168,193,202,259,277,307,311,345,367,386,413,421,442,454,459,471],"contributors.Preface.Acknowledgements.CHAPTER":[2],"1.":[3],"Complementarity":[4,153,192,468,526],"in":[5,154,173,207,224,241,316,335,375,423,461,469,514,522,527],"systems":[6,38,47,94,425,437,444,462],"modelling":[7,39,269,378,405],"(Michael":[8,40,539],"Pidd).":[9,540],"1.1":[10],"Systems":[11],"modelling.":[12,182],"1.2":[13],"Messes":[14],"and":[15,20,37,48,52,74,83,98,107,137,181,188,195,204,213,239,254,261,291,294,298,321,327,359,382,388,395,429,481,520],"wicked":[16],"problems.":[17,58],"1.3":[18],"Hard":[19],"soft":[21,205,230],"approaches.":[22],"1.4":[23],"What":[24,435],"do":[25,352],"we":[26,549],"mean":[27],"by":[28,348],"complementarity?":[29],"References.CHAPTER":[30,70,115,151,197,235,284,342,417,466,533],"2.":[31],"Insights":[32],"from":[503],"complexity:":[34],"organisational":[35,338],"change":[36],"Lyons).":[41],"2.1":[42],"Introduction.":[43,87,125,159,217,248,363,433,486],"2.2":[44],"Complex":[45],"adaptive":[46],"complexity.":[49,63],"2.3":[50],"Complexity":[51],"management.":[53],"2.4":[54],"Working":[55],"with":[56],"systemic":[57],"2.5":[59],"The":[60,102,117,127,199,221,229,265,272,365,419,440,452,457,496,508],"simulation":[61],"2.6":[64],"Conclusion:":[65],"complementarity":[66,80],"intrinsic":[67],"to":[68,175,303,398,505],"complexity?":[69],"3.":[71],"'Classic'":[72],"OR":[73,76,90,206,223],"'soft'":[75,99,108],"-":[77,289,350,377,390],"an":[78,110],"asymmetric":[79,111],"(Peter":[81],"Checkland":[82],"Sue":[84],"Holwell).":[85],"3.1":[86],"3.2":[88],"Classic":[89],"methodology.":[91,95,138],"3.3":[92],"Soft":[93],"3.4":[96],"'Hard'":[97],"perspectives.":[100],"3.5":[101],"relation":[103,174],"between":[104],"'ha":[105],"rd'":[106],"perspectives:":[109],"complementarity.":[112],"3.6":[113],"Conclusion.":[114],"4.":[116],"effectiveness":[118],"high-dependency":[120],"care":[121,133],"(Roth":[122],"Kowalczyk).":[123],"4.1":[124],"4.2":[126],"issues.":[128],"4.3":[129],"Effective":[130],"high":[131,144],"dependency":[132,145],"provision.":[134],"4.4":[135],"Methods":[136],"4.5":[139],"Analysing":[140],"the":[141,186,225,278,515],"introduction":[142],"care.":[146],"4.6":[147],"Effects.":[148],"4.7":[149],"Conclusions.":[150,465],"5.":[152],"practice":[155,244,474],"(George":[156],"Paterson).":[157],"5.1":[158],"5.2":[160],"Organisational":[161],"setting":[162],"for":[163,318,337],"or/ms":[164],"practice.":[165],"5.3":[166],"Types":[167],"assistance":[169],"available.":[170],"5.4":[171],"OR/MS":[172],"other":[176],"consulting":[177],"offerings.":[178],"5.5":[179],"Models":[180,258],"5.6":[183],"Examples":[184],"oil":[187],"gas":[189],"industry.":[190],"5.7":[191],"hard":[194,203,222],"soft.":[196],"6.":[198],"complementary":[200],"use":[201,399],"developing":[208],"tax":[209,226],"policy":[210],"(Joyce":[211],"Brown":[212],"Ceri":[214],"Cooper).":[215],"6.1":[216],"6.2":[218],"Background.":[219],"6.3":[220],"study.":[227,490],"6.4":[228],"OR.":[231],"6.5":[232],"Complementarity.":[233],"Acknowledgements.":[234],"7.":[236],"Mental":[237,250],"models":[238,347,422,460],"learning":[240,326],"system":[242],"dynamics":[243],"(John":[245],"Morecroft).":[246],"7.1":[247],"7.2":[249],"models,":[251],"transitional":[252],"objects":[253],"formal":[255],"models.":[256,455],"7.3":[257],"business":[260],"social":[262],"systems.":[263],"7.4":[264],"BBC":[266],"world":[267,279],"service":[268,280],"project.":[270,281],"7.5":[271],"impact":[273],"on":[274],"managerial":[275],"thinking":[276],"7.6":[282],"Discussion.":[283],"8.":[285],"Using":[286],"causal":[287],"mapping":[288],"individual":[290],"group,":[292],"traditional":[293],"new":[295],"(Fran":[296],"Ackermann":[297],"Colin":[299],"Eden).":[300],"8.1":[301],"Background":[302],"mapping.":[304,312,331],"8.2":[305],"Modes":[306],"use.":[308],"8.3":[309],"Applications":[310],"8.4":[313],"Some":[314,333],"considerations":[315,334],"usage":[317,336],"problem":[319,373,448],"'solving'":[320],"strategy":[322,521],"development.":[323],"8.5":[324],"Organizational":[325],"forensic":[328],"analysis":[329],"through":[330],"8.6":[332],"learning.":[339],"8.7":[340],"Summary.":[341,416],"9.":[343],"Use":[344],"'soft-or'":[346],"clients":[349],"what":[351,547],"they":[353],"want":[354],"them?":[356],"(Colin":[357],"Eden":[358],"Fran":[360],"Ackermann).":[361],"9.1":[362],"9.2":[364],"nature":[366,441],"clients.":[368],"9.4":[369],"Delivering":[370],"'added":[371],"value':":[372],"structuring":[374],"groups":[376],"as":[379],"structuring,":[380],"negotiating,":[381],"agreeing.":[383],"9.5":[384],"Flexibility":[385],"tools":[387],"techniques":[389],"having":[391],"a":[392],"wide":[393],"range":[394],"being":[396],"able":[397],"them":[400],"contingently.":[401],"9.6":[402],"Visual":[403],"interactive":[404],"means":[406,409],"workshops":[407],"which":[408],"facilitation.":[410],"9.7":[411],"Issues":[412],"closure.":[414],"9.8":[415],"10.":[418],"status":[420,458],"defence":[424,472],"engineering":[426],"(Sean":[427],"Price":[428],"Philip":[430],"John).":[431],"10.1":[432],"10.2":[434],"is":[436],"engineering?":[438],"10.3":[439],"modern":[443],"challenges.":[445],"10.4":[446],"Traditional":[447],"domain":[449],"boundaries.":[450],"10.5":[451],"uses":[453],"10.6":[456],"engineering.":[463],"10.7":[464],"11.":[467],"ministry":[470],"or":[473],"(Alan":[475],"P":[476],"Robinson,":[477],"George":[478],"A":[479,483,488,542],"Pickburn":[480],"Roger":[482],"Forder).":[484],"11.1":[485],"11.2":[487],"high-level":[489],"11.3":[491],"Equipment":[492],"acquisition":[493],"studies.":[494],"11.4":[495],"falcon":[497],"communication":[498],"system.":[499],"11.5":[500],"Defence":[501],"logistics:":[502],"factory":[504],"foxhole.":[506],"11.6":[507],"strategic":[509],"assessment":[510],"method.":[511],"11.7":[512],"OA":[513],"MoD.":[516],"11.8":[517],"Models,":[518],"methods":[519],"mod":[523],"OA.":[524,529],"11.9":[525],"MoD":[528],"11.10":[530],"Final":[531],"thoughts.":[532],"12.":[534],"Bringing":[535],"it":[536],"all":[537],"together":[538],"12.1":[541],"personal":[543],"reprise.":[544],"12.2":[545],"So,":[546],"can":[548],"learn?":[550],"References.Index.":[551]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}