{"id":"https://openalex.org/W79445839","doi":null,"title":"Cognitive effects of ketogenic weight-reducing diets.","display_name":"Cognitive effects of ketogenic weight-reducing diets.","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W79445839","mag":"79445839","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8589783"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:8589783","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8589783","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders : journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity","raw_type":"Clinical Trial"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079705977","display_name":"Rena R. Wing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0918-8252","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0918-8252"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R R Wing","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"J A Vazquez","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J A Vazquez","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065477726","display_name":"Christopher M. Ryan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4278-917X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4278-917X","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5848-7673"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C M Ryan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6509,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":78,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68357278,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"11","first_page":"811","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12267","display_name":"Diet and metabolism studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12267","display_name":"Diet and metabolism studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12745","display_name":"Dietary Effects on Health","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10866","display_name":"Nutritional Studies and Diet","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ketogenic-diet","display_name":"ketogenic diet","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weight-loss-diet","display_name":"weight loss diet","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-performance","display_name":"cognitive performance","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attention","display_name":"attention","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-flexibility","display_name":"cognitive flexibility","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trail-making-test","display_name":"Trail Making Test","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/very-low-calorie-diet","display_name":"very low calorie diet","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overweight-women","display_name":"overweight women","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obesity","display_name":"obesity","score":0.5270000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weight-loss","display_name":"weight loss","score":0.48399999737739563}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778587478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070684","display_name":"Ketogenic diet","level":3,"score":0.9342753291130066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185711340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5347381","display_name":"Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance","level":3,"score":0.5853675603866577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544821477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q718113","display_name":"Weight loss","level":3,"score":0.5659311413764954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332428","display_name":"Overweight","level":3,"score":0.546941876411438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5424479246139526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.5252784490585327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66102695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141208","display_name":"Cognitive flexibility","level":3,"score":0.5119203329086304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14216870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3872","display_name":"Neuropsychology","level":3,"score":0.5115726590156555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4507637917995453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.4440142810344696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511355011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12174","display_name":"Obesity","level":2,"score":0.3295779824256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.3104744851589203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778186239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41571","display_name":"Epilepsy","level":2,"score":0.217972993850708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.14493516087532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.05872297286987305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002149","descriptor_name":"Energy Intake","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002149","descriptor_name":"Energy Intake","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002149","descriptor_name":"Energy Intake","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003071","descriptor_name":"Cognition","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003071","descriptor_name":"Cognition","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003071","descriptor_name":"Cognition","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004038","descriptor_name":"Diet, Reducing","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004038","descriptor_name":"Diet, Reducing","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004038","descriptor_name":"Diet, Reducing","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004038","descriptor_name":"Diet, Reducing","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004038","descriptor_name":"Diet, Reducing","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004038","descriptor_name":"Diet, Reducing","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004040","descriptor_name":"Dietary Carbohydrates","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004040","descriptor_name":"Dietary Carbohydrates","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004040","descriptor_name":"Dietary Carbohydrates","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007659","descriptor_name":"Ketones","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007659","descriptor_name":"Ketones","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007659","descriptor_name":"Ketones","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007659","descriptor_name":"Ketones","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007659","descriptor_name":"Ketones","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007659","descriptor_name":"Ketones","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007659","descriptor_name":"Ketones","qualifier_ui":"Q000652","qualifier_name":"urine","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007659","descriptor_name":"Ketones","qualifier_ui":"Q000652","qualifier_name":"urine","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007659","descriptor_name":"Ketones","qualifier_ui":"Q000652","qualifier_name":"urine","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009767","descriptor_name":"Obesity, Morbid","qualifier_ui":"Q000178","qualifier_name":"diet therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009767","descriptor_name":"Obesity, Morbid","qualifier_ui":"Q000178","qualifier_name":"diet therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009767","descriptor_name":"Obesity, Morbid","qualifier_ui":"Q000178","qualifier_name":"diet therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009767","descriptor_name":"Obesity, Morbid","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009767","descriptor_name":"Obesity, Morbid","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009767","descriptor_name":"Obesity, Morbid","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009767","descriptor_name":"Obesity, Morbid","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009767","descriptor_name":"Obesity, Morbid","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009767","descriptor_name":"Obesity, Morbid","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:8589783","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8589783","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders : journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity","raw_type":"Clinical Trial"},{"id":"mag:79445839","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8589783","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9763000011444092,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.7900000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Randomized Controlled Trial","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/randomized-controlled-trial"},{"display_name":"Clinical Trial","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1666072608","display_name":"PROTEIN SPARING DURING TREATMENT OF OBESITY","funder_award_id":"7r29dk039157-04","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6286336817","display_name":"BEHAVIORAL WEIGHT LOSS FOR DIABETES MELLITUS","funder_award_id":"5r01dk029757-15","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7124174586","https://openalex.org/W7124839545","https://openalex.org/W4298139482","https://openalex.org/W2134118462","https://openalex.org/W4394598154","https://openalex.org/W2464749495","https://openalex.org/W2900531953","https://openalex.org/W2946682816","https://openalex.org/W2127027632","https://openalex.org/W4308683073"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"To":[1],"determine":[2,151],"whether":[3,152],"ketogenic":[4,32,122,138,153],"weight":[5],"reducing":[6],"diets":[7,81,154],"have":[8],"adverse":[9],"effects":[10],"on":[11,52,78,87,101],"cognitive":[12,66],"performance.":[13],"SUBJECTS:":[14],"21":[15],"overweight":[16],"women":[17],"(mean":[18],"BMI":[19],"=":[20,83],"41":[21],"kg/m2).":[22],"DESIGN:":[23],"Randomized":[24],"double-blinded":[25],"study.":[26],"METHOD:":[27],"Subjects":[28,50],"were":[29,42,59,76],"randomized":[30],"to":[31,145,150],"or":[33],"nonketogenic":[34],"liquid":[35],"formula":[36],"very":[37],"low":[38],"energy":[39,45],"diets,":[40],"that":[41,109],"comparable":[43,77],"in":[44,47,126],"and":[46,58,70,115,133,149],"protein":[48],"content.":[49],"remained":[51],"the":[53,79,97,102,121,137],"diet":[54],"for":[55],"28":[56],"days":[57],"reevaluated":[60],"periodically":[61],"with":[62],"brief":[63],"measures":[64],"of":[65,96,136],"performance":[67,100,127],"assessing":[68],"attention":[69,88],"mental":[71,113,159],"flexibility.":[72],"RESULTS:":[73],"Weight":[74],"losses":[75],"two":[80],"(Mean":[82],"8.1":[84],"kg).":[85],"Performance":[86],"tasks":[89],"did":[90],"not":[91],"differ":[92],"as":[93,162],"a":[94,106],"function":[95],"diet.":[98,123,139],"However,":[99],"trail":[103],"making":[104],"task,":[105],"neuropsychological":[107],"test":[108],"requires":[110],"higher":[111],"order":[112],"processing":[114],"flexibility,":[116],"was":[117,128],"adversely":[118],"affected":[119],"by":[120],"The":[124],"worsening":[125],"observed":[129],"primarily":[130],"between":[131],"baseline":[132],"week":[134],"one":[135],"CONCLUSIONS:":[140],"Further":[141],"research":[142],"is":[143],"needed":[144],"confirm":[146],"this":[147],"finding":[148],"negatively":[155],"affect":[156],"other":[157],"complex":[158],"tasks,":[160],"such":[161],"problem":[163],"solving.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
