{"id":"https://openalex.org/W79433707","doi":null,"title":"Health effects and prevalence of vegetarianism.","display_name":"Health effects and prevalence of vegetarianism.","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W79433707","mag":"79433707","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8048240","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1022500"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1022500","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1022500","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1022500/pdf/westjmed00069-0067.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"West J Med","raw_type":"Text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1022500/pdf/westjmed00069-0067.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"R White","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R White","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30303-3219"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30303-3219","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081014041","display_name":"Erica Frank","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7159-5417","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7159-5417"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E Frank","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5341,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":58,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88301887,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"160","issue":"5","first_page":"465","last_page":"70"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10866","display_name":"Nutritional Studies and Diet","score":0.9824000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10866","display_name":"Nutritional Studies and Diet","score":0.9824000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11259","display_name":"Agriculture Sustainability and Environmental Impact","score":0.014800000004470348,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13112","display_name":"Nutrition and Health Studies","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetarian-diet","display_name":"vegetarian diet","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-effects","display_name":"health effects","score":0.7440000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prevalence","display_name":"prevalence","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegan-diet","display_name":"vegan diet","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lacto-vegetarian-diet","display_name":"lacto-vegetarian diet","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macronutrient-composition","display_name":"macronutrient composition","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/micronutrient-composition","display_name":"micronutrient composition","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meat-consumption","display_name":"meat consumption","score":0.6589999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dietary-fat","display_name":"dietary fat","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dietary-protein","display_name":"dietary protein","score":0.5080000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-intake","display_name":"energy intake","score":0.492000013589859}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.43623149394989014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2825332283973694}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002149","descriptor_name":"Energy Intake","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014676","descriptor_name":"Diet, Vegetarian","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014676","descriptor_name":"Diet, Vegetarian","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1022500","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1022500","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1022500/pdf/westjmed00069-0067.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"West J Med","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:196317","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1022500","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:8048240","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8048240","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Western journal of medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:79433707","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8048240","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1022500","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1022500","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1022500/pdf/westjmed00069-0067.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"West J Med","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.98580002784729,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.6735000014305115,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W79433707.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W79433707.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W184343500","https://openalex.org/W187506768","https://openalex.org/W1774494291","https://openalex.org/W1829741505","https://openalex.org/W1835535770","https://openalex.org/W1839703685","https://openalex.org/W1846679256","https://openalex.org/W1848464647","https://openalex.org/W1855716823","https://openalex.org/W1857052429","https://openalex.org/W1891035597","https://openalex.org/W1894913955","https://openalex.org/W1908257691","https://openalex.org/W1922788973","https://openalex.org/W1936981289","https://openalex.org/W1943574499","https://openalex.org/W1947021315","https://openalex.org/W1948937238","https://openalex.org/W1951280575","https://openalex.org/W1992764341","https://openalex.org/W1996571773","https://openalex.org/W1997219881","https://openalex.org/W1999200868","https://openalex.org/W2013117000","https://openalex.org/W2016754141","https://openalex.org/W2026344239","https://openalex.org/W2026706716","https://openalex.org/W2040769289","https://openalex.org/W2047111103","https://openalex.org/W2048708991","https://openalex.org/W2064813626","https://openalex.org/W2065303599","https://openalex.org/W2080529502","https://openalex.org/W2088495959","https://openalex.org/W2092713555","https://openalex.org/W2105108419","https://openalex.org/W2128049696","https://openalex.org/W2142909790","https://openalex.org/W2151028417","https://openalex.org/W2152098002","https://openalex.org/W2161961400","https://openalex.org/W2171999443","https://openalex.org/W2180156299","https://openalex.org/W2268215586","https://openalex.org/W2270190237","https://openalex.org/W4241014383","https://openalex.org/W4299834958"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1982509022","https://openalex.org/W7069314578","https://openalex.org/W311756457","https://openalex.org/W4210683834","https://openalex.org/W4211044794","https://openalex.org/W2053705100","https://openalex.org/W1954660786","https://openalex.org/W2592235243","https://openalex.org/W2405837886","https://openalex.org/W2966083161"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Physicians":[0],"often":[1,125],"evaluate":[2],"and":[3,73,97,107,109,122,134,158],"recommend":[4],"changes":[5],"in":[6,20,30,47,112],"the":[7,13,34,37,50,64,115,173,184],"diet":[8],"of":[9,15,40,52,63,70,76,90,119,137,154,189],"their":[10,150],"patients.Just":[11],"as":[12,80],"role":[14],"dietary":[16],"sat-":[17],"urated":[18],"fat":[19,157],"coronary":[21],"artery":[22],"disease":[23],"led":[24],"physicians":[25],"to":[26],"rec-":[27],"ommend":[28],"moderation":[29],"red":[31],"meat":[32,48],"consumption,'":[33],"data":[35],"on":[36,186],"physiologic":[38],"effects":[39],"vegetarianism":[41],"should":[42],"encour-":[43],"age":[44],"further":[45],"reductions":[46],"consumption.*At":[49],"end":[51],"this":[53,190],"article":[54],"is":[55],"a":[56],"\"Page":[57],"for":[58,131],"Patients\"":[59],"that":[60],"refutes":[61],"some":[62],"common":[65],"myths":[66],"about":[67],"vegetarianism.":[68],"Definition":[69],"VegetarianismMost":[71],"epidemiologic":[72],"clinical":[74],"studies":[75,129],"vegetarians":[77],"classify":[78],"them":[79],"either":[81],"vegans,":[82],"lactovegetarians,":[83],"or":[84,117],"lacto-":[85],"ovovegetarians.Vegans":[86],"eat":[87,99,103],"no":[88],"food":[89,143],"animal":[91],"origin":[92],"(ex-":[93],"cept":[94],"perhaps":[95],"honey),":[96],"lactovegetarians":[98],"dairy":[100,105],"prod-":[101],"ucts.Lacto-ovovegetarians":[102],"both":[104],"products":[106],"eggs":[108],"outnumber":[110],"vegans":[111],"most":[113],"reports.Because":[114],"elimination":[116],"reduction":[118],"alcohol,":[120],"tobacco,":[121],"caffeine":[123],"intake":[124],"accompanies":[126],"vegetarianism,24":[127],"many":[128],"control":[130],"this.":[132],"Macronutrient":[133],"Micronutrient":[135],"Composition":[136],"Vegetarian":[138],"DietsVegetarians":[139],"consume":[140],"less":[141,155],"total":[142,156,162],"energy":[144],"(calories)":[145],"than":[146],"do":[147],"omnivores":[148],"because":[149],"diets":[151,166],"are":[152,167],"composed":[153],"protein":[159],"(but":[160],"more":[161],"complex":[163],"carbo-":[164],"hydrate).7'Vegetarians'":[165],"also":[168,172],"comparatively":[169],"low":[170],"*See":[171],"editorial":[174],"by":[175],"S.":[176],"Havala,":[177],"MS,":[178],"RD,":[179],"LDN,":[180],"\"Vegetarian":[181],"Diets-":[182],"Clearing":[183],"Air,\"":[185],"pages":[187],"483-484":[188],"issue.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
