{"id":"https://openalex.org/W79188925","doi":null,"title":"Reproductive assessment of male elephants (Loxodonta africana and Elephas maximus) by ultrasonography.","display_name":"Reproductive assessment of male elephants (Loxodonta africana and Elephas maximus) by ultrasonography.","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W79188925","mag":"79188925","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9732024"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:9732024","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9732024","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine : official publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038474794","display_name":"Thomas B. Hildebrandt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8685-4733","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8685-4733"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154298","display_name":"Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05nywn832","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I315704651","https://openalex.org/I4210154298"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T B Hildebrandt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ultrasound, Institute for Zoo Biology and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ultrasound, Institute for Zoo Biology and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154298"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110396850","display_name":"Frank G\u00f6ritz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F G\u00f6ritz","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030006491","display_name":"Nancy C. Pratt","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N C Pratt","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064786754","display_name":"Dennis L. Schmitt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0023-5427","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0023-5427"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D L Schmitt","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060471487","display_name":"Sybille Quandt","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S Quandt","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084114526","display_name":"J. R. Raath","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J Raath","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110183446","display_name":"Reinold R. Hofmann","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R R Hofmann","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6641,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":40,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60826709,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"2","first_page":"114","last_page":"28"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10116","display_name":"Sperm and Testicular Function","score":0.326200008392334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2743","display_name":"Reproductive Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10116","display_name":"Sperm and Testicular Function","score":0.326200008392334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2743","display_name":"Reproductive Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11580","display_name":"Veterinary Medicine and Surgery","score":0.2827000021934509,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3404","display_name":"Small Animals"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/34","display_name":"Veterinary"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13100","display_name":"Comparative Animal Anatomy Studies","score":0.2612000107765198,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2702","display_name":"Anatomy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/african-elephant","display_name":"Loxodonta africana","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asian-elephant","display_name":"Asian elephant","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transrectal-ultrasound","display_name":"transrectal ultrasound","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urogenital-tract","display_name":"urogenital tract","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prostate","display_name":"prostate","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ampullae","display_name":"ampullae","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/castration","display_name":"castration","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semen-donors","display_name":"semen donors","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/assisted-reproductive-technology","display_name":"assisted reproduction","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/species-differences","display_name":"species differences","score":0.34599998593330383}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776959937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q310746","display_name":"Elephas","level":2,"score":0.981343150138855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.6550654172897339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.6481249332427979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133507102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4712977","display_name":"Genitourinary system","level":2,"score":0.6196104288101196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992003382","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7895","display_name":"Reproductive tract","level":2,"score":0.5579859614372253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778784093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133006","display_name":"Asian elephant","level":3,"score":0.536555290222168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138981284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19035","display_name":"Cloaca","level":2,"score":0.5321746468544006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777808111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26308","display_name":"Proboscidea","level":2,"score":0.48448559641838074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529618451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234904","display_name":"Ultrasonography","level":2,"score":0.4636949300765991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778093475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9715","display_name":"Semen","level":2,"score":0.46250149607658386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42407357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q521","display_name":"Physiology","level":1,"score":0.4608025550842285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779958940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185038","display_name":"African elephant","level":2,"score":0.4593413770198822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90856448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431","display_name":"Zoology","level":1,"score":0.29843568801879883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.25839126110076904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.14044791460037231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.1036614179611206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.09826183319091797}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001743","descriptor_name":"Urinary Bladder","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002030","descriptor_name":"Bulbourethral Glands","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004606","descriptor_name":"Elephants","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004606","descriptor_name":"Elephants","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004822","descriptor_name":"Epididymis","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007668","descriptor_name":"Kidney","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011467","descriptor_name":"Prostate","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012098","descriptor_name":"Reproduction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012669","descriptor_name":"Seminal Vesicles","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013737","descriptor_name":"Testis","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014463","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014521","descriptor_name":"Urethra","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014566","descriptor_name":"Urogenital System","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014649","descriptor_name":"Vas Deferens","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:9732024","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9732024","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine : official publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:79188925","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9732024","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.5683000087738037}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W28391938","https://openalex.org/W1977737561","https://openalex.org/W1985667238","https://openalex.org/W1989820673","https://openalex.org/W1992735026","https://openalex.org/W2003535619","https://openalex.org/W2023543293","https://openalex.org/W2029676060","https://openalex.org/W2030472380","https://openalex.org/W2073871856","https://openalex.org/W2088060200","https://openalex.org/W2107174109","https://openalex.org/W2111995367","https://openalex.org/W2112718607","https://openalex.org/W2121249834","https://openalex.org/W2123563225","https://openalex.org/W2140428027","https://openalex.org/W2162048302","https://openalex.org/W2402854569","https://openalex.org/W2408470728","https://openalex.org/W2802598017","https://openalex.org/W2892994103","https://openalex.org/W3036760947"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7098299872","https://openalex.org/W4239355148","https://openalex.org/W7099508565","https://openalex.org/W2097255985","https://openalex.org/W7071994667","https://openalex.org/W2295785802","https://openalex.org/W2023543293","https://openalex.org/W1998369401","https://openalex.org/W2613297043","https://openalex.org/W2977278773"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Transrectal":[0],"ultrasonography":[1],"was":[2,38,83,113,137],"performed":[3],"on":[4],"five":[5],"wild":[6],"and":[7,15,31,91,98,115,119,143,149,155,177],"two":[8],"captive":[9,17,212],"male":[10,18,195],"African":[11,142],"elephants":[12,20],"(Loxodonta":[13],"africana)":[14],"four":[16],"Asian":[19,144],"(Elephas":[21],"maximus)":[22],"to":[23],"develop":[24],"standards":[25],"for":[26,57,87,185,207],"assessment":[27],"of":[28,73,78,95,121,131,151,162,174,179,193,203],"reproductive":[29],"health":[30],"status.":[32],"The":[33,60,117,172],"entire":[34],"internal":[35,80],"urogenital":[36,81,123],"tract":[37,82],"visualized":[39,112],"ultrasonographically":[40],"by":[41,64],"using":[42],"a":[43,47,53,138,156],"3.5":[44],"MHz":[45],"or":[46],"7.5-MHz":[48],"transducer":[49],"in":[50,70,105,107,146,159,200,211],"combination":[51],"with":[52],"probe":[54],"extension":[55],"adapted":[56],"elephant":[58],"anatomy.":[59],"findings":[61],"were":[62,102,129],"verified":[63],"postmortem":[65],"ex":[66],"situ":[67,106],"ultrasound":[68,191],"examinations":[69],"several":[71],"individuals":[72],"each":[74],"species.":[75],"Each":[76,110],"part":[77],"the":[79,88,92,96,108,122,126,147,152,160,163,175,180,194,201],"sonographically":[84],"detectable":[85],"except":[86],"bulbourethral":[89],"glands":[90,197],"cranial":[93],"portion":[94],"ureters":[97],"ductus":[99],"deferentes,":[100],"which":[101],"only":[103],"observed":[104],"neonate.":[109],"structure":[111,167],"measured":[114],"described.":[116],"size":[118,148],"morphology":[120,150],"structures,":[124],"especially":[125],"accessory":[127,196],"glands,":[128],"indicative":[130],"breeding":[132],"status,":[133],"if":[134],"known.":[135],"There":[136],"notable":[139],"difference":[140,158],"between":[141],"males":[145],"prostate":[153],"gland":[154],"slight":[157],"shape":[161],"ampullae.":[164],"No":[165],"other":[166],"showed":[168],"significant":[169],"species":[170],"differences.":[171],"detection":[173],"location":[176],"description":[178],"testes":[181],"may":[182,198],"provide":[183],"information":[184],"modifying":[186],"present":[187],"castration":[188],"procedures.":[189],"Furthermore,":[190],"examination":[192],"aid":[199],"identification":[202],"potential":[204],"semen":[205],"donors":[206],"assisted":[208],"reproduction":[209],"programs":[210],"elephants.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
