{"id":"https://openalex.org/W791452944","doi":null,"title":"Smoking Behavior and Hardiness in University Students.","display_name":"Smoking Behavior and Hardiness in University Students.","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W791452944","mag":"791452944"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2140962251","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://click.ndsl.kr/servlet/LinkingDetailView?cn=JAKO200134718170213&dbt=JAKO&org_code=O150&site_code=SS1009&service_code=01","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2913881216","display_name":"Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing","issn_l":"1225-9012","issn":["1225-9012","2287-1802"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["kci-excellent","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"\uae30\ubcf8\uac04\ud638\ud559\ud68c\uc9c0 = Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104364339","display_name":"Lee Kyu-Eun","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\uc774\uaddc\uc740","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102809022","display_name":"Nam-Sun Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7982-5181","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7982-5181"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\uae40\ub0a8\uc120","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"1","first_page":"51","last_page":"68"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10060","display_name":"Smoking Behavior and Cessation","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10060","display_name":"Smoking Behavior and Cessation","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10043","display_name":"Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13861","display_name":"Health and Lifestyle Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoking-behavior","display_name":"smoking behavior","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardiness","display_name":"hardiness","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/college-students","display_name":"university students","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoking-initiation","display_name":"smoking initiation","score":0.4359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peer-affiliation","display_name":"peer affiliation","score":0.5649999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential-reinforcement","display_name":"differential reinforcement","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoking-prevalence","display_name":"smoking prevalence","score":0.4009999930858612}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5280265212059021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.4587969183921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39896193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380344","display_name":"Descriptive statistics","level":2,"score":0.4473893344402313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67203356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321905","display_name":"Reinforcement","level":2,"score":0.43344274163246155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780390811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1852702","display_name":"Hardiness (plants)","level":3,"score":0.4139356315135956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117220453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842","display_name":"Correlation","level":2,"score":0.41300150752067566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.39819321036338806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3296458423137665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2910957932472229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21766570210456848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.19632360339164734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197321923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4886","display_name":"Cultivar","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2140962251","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://click.ndsl.kr/servlet/LinkingDetailView?cn=JAKO200134718170213&dbt=JAKO&org_code=O150&site_code=SS1009&service_code=01","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2913881216","display_name":"Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing","issn_l":"1225-9012","issn":["1225-9012","2287-1802"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["kci-excellent","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"\uae30\ubcf8\uac04\ud638\ud559\ud68c\uc9c0 = Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:791452944","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.koreascience.or.kr/article/ArticleFullRecord.jsp?cn=GBGHC1_2001_v8n1_51","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2913881216","display_name":"Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing","issn_l":"1225-9012","issn":["1225-9012","2287-1802"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["kci-excellent","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8048999905586243,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2140962251","https://openalex.org/W4220825153","https://openalex.org/W195089145","https://openalex.org/W2903780156","https://openalex.org/W97518406","https://openalex.org/W6893680318","https://openalex.org/W3174189897","https://openalex.org/W2530925645","https://openalex.org/W2597197866","https://openalex.org/W2337379116"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,23,32,79,108,126,136,153,162,173,182,191,201,211,221],"purpose":[1],"of":[2,29,70,74,128,144,158],"this":[3,65,129],"study":[4,66,130],"was":[5,62,142,160,168,180,189,199,209,219],"to":[6,40,46,67],"explain":[7],"the":[8,41,94,113,177,186,195,205,215,229],"relationship":[9],"between":[10,43,226],"smoking":[11,13,75,77,137,148,166],"status,":[12],"behavior":[14,167],"and":[15,57,76,88,93,100,116,122,228],"hardiness":[16,95,159,227],"in":[17,20,64,149],"university":[18,140],"students":[19,42,141],"Gangnung":[21],"City.":[22],"subjects":[24],"were":[25,34,105,110],"a":[26,37],"convenience":[27],"sample":[28],"315":[30],"students.":[31],"data":[33,109,222],"collected":[35],"by":[36,53,59,90,98,102],"questionnaire":[38],"given":[39],"May":[44],"22":[45],"June":[47],"2,":[48],"2000.":[49],"An":[50],"instrument":[51],"developed":[52,84,97],"Akers":[54],"&":[55],"Gang(1996)":[56],"translated":[58,89,101],"Sohn,":[60,91],"Jung-Nam(1999)":[61],"used":[63],"measure":[68],"definition":[69,179,188],"smoking,":[71],"differential":[72,80,197,207,216],"reinforcement":[73,198,208],"behavior.":[78],"peer":[81,217],"association":[82,218],"scale":[83,96],"Krohn":[85],"et":[86],"al.(1982)":[87],"Jung-Nam(1999),":[92],"Pollock(1984)":[99],"Suh,":[103],"Mun-Sa(1988)":[104],"also":[106],"used.":[107],"analyzed":[111],"using":[112],"SAS/PC+":[114],"Program":[115],"included":[117],"descriptive":[118],"statistics,":[119],"t-test,":[120],"ANOVA,":[121],"Spearman":[123],"correlation":[124],"coefficients.":[125],"results":[127],"are":[131],"as":[132,169],"follows":[133,170],":":[134,171],"1.":[135],"rate":[138],"for":[139,156,165,176,185,194,204,214],"50.5%":[143],"which":[145],"44.7%":[146],"started":[147],"high":[150],"school.":[151],"2.":[152],"mean":[154,163,174,183,192,202,212],"score":[155,164,175,184,193,203,213],"level":[157],"3.":[161],"1)":[172],"neutralizing":[178,230],"2)":[181],"negative":[187,206],"3)":[190],"positive":[196,224],"4)":[200],"5)":[210],"4.":[220],"showed":[223],"correlations":[225],"definition(r=.1951,":[231],"P":[232]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
