{"id":"https://openalex.org/W78924834","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511489341.003","title":"How does community context matter? Social mechanisms and the explanation of crime rates","display_name":"How does community context matter? Social mechanisms and the explanation of crime rates","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-11-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W78924834","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511489341.003","mag":"78924834"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/cbo9780511489341.003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511489341.003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511489341.003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306462995","display_name":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Explanation of Crime","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1540276162","display_name":"The Explanation of Crime"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072254459","display_name":"Robert J. Sampson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4259-8146","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4259-8146"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Robert J. Sampson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard University, Massachusetts","Professor of Social Sciences Department of Sociology, Harvard University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University, Massachusetts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor of Social Sciences Department of Sociology, Harvard University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072254459"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":20.0731,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":120,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99232958,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"31","last_page":"60"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10574","display_name":"Crime Patterns and Interventions","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10574","display_name":"Crime Patterns and Interventions","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11645","display_name":"Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13728","display_name":"Crime, Deviance, and Social Control","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-context","display_name":"community context","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crime-rates","display_name":"crime rates","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-control","display_name":"social control","score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neighborhood-effects","display_name":"neighborhood effects","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-mechanisms","display_name":"social mechanisms","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilevel-analysis","display_name":"multilevel analysis","score":0.6520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-space","display_name":"public space","score":0.44600000977516174}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6710391044616699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777402642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2557224","display_name":"Explanatory power","level":2,"score":0.5968196392059326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5850434899330139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778311575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18534","display_name":"Metaphor","level":2,"score":0.5762052536010742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122637931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118084","display_name":"Unit (ring theory)","level":2,"score":0.5256572961807251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.5148652791976929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5048843026161194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.44973838329315186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.40958189964294434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.4017682671546936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.23832976818084717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1548917591571808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.05984717607498169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/cbo9780511489341.003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511489341.003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511489341.003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306462995","display_name":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Explanation of Crime","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.8999999761581421}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W120577700","https://openalex.org/W428041599","https://openalex.org/W575226511","https://openalex.org/W579615107","https://openalex.org/W1497059840","https://openalex.org/W1522046631","https://openalex.org/W1555966030","https://openalex.org/W1562208008","https://openalex.org/W1606716164","https://openalex.org/W1967859251","https://openalex.org/W1975281360","https://openalex.org/W1977323446","https://openalex.org/W1979824475","https://openalex.org/W1996945106","https://openalex.org/W1998489119","https://openalex.org/W2000438941","https://openalex.org/W2000571841","https://openalex.org/W2004877893","https://openalex.org/W2015544292","https://openalex.org/W2022573620","https://openalex.org/W2034283054","https://openalex.org/W2038626182","https://openalex.org/W2038777424","https://openalex.org/W2058268768","https://openalex.org/W2063115915","https://openalex.org/W2078333456","https://openalex.org/W2079847775","https://openalex.org/W2082107925","https://openalex.org/W2083625649","https://openalex.org/W2085491458","https://openalex.org/W2090564901","https://openalex.org/W2090673727","https://openalex.org/W2093077888","https://openalex.org/W2100747086","https://openalex.org/W2102035269","https://openalex.org/W2103614491","https://openalex.org/W2107710360","https://openalex.org/W2109469951","https://openalex.org/W2112882840","https://openalex.org/W2127617161","https://openalex.org/W2127629883","https://openalex.org/W2131259854","https://openalex.org/W2134273874","https://openalex.org/W2135214700","https://openalex.org/W2135552470","https://openalex.org/W2136843866","https://openalex.org/W2139832894","https://openalex.org/W2147386471","https://openalex.org/W2150052239","https://openalex.org/W2153492338","https://openalex.org/W2154406626","https://openalex.org/W2154925011","https://openalex.org/W2157325805","https://openalex.org/W2160910359","https://openalex.org/W2164792678","https://openalex.org/W2169084126","https://openalex.org/W2171117537","https://openalex.org/W2330129829","https://openalex.org/W2487158258","https://openalex.org/W2580132710","https://openalex.org/W2606019148","https://openalex.org/W2796750349","https://openalex.org/W3123534837","https://openalex.org/W4293586167","https://openalex.org/W4298522731","https://openalex.org/W6604865579"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7168249622","https://openalex.org/W1540276162","https://openalex.org/W7096215838","https://openalex.org/W2061838796","https://openalex.org/W6981571916","https://openalex.org/W6925352489","https://openalex.org/W4392073423","https://openalex.org/W1556969990","https://openalex.org/W7214461346","https://openalex.org/W4252385013"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"idea":[1],"of":[2,71,154,163,171,185,226],"\u201ccommunity\u201d":[3],"is":[4,29,41,49,59,78,86,122,142,198],"at":[5,15,89,230],"once":[6],"compelling":[7],"and":[8,114,196],"frustrating.":[9],"Indeed,":[10],"few":[11],"would":[12],"disagree":[13],"that":[14,32,125,130,176,214],"some":[16,99],"fundamental":[17],"level":[18],"a":[19,51,60,105,151,169],"community's":[20],"social":[21,112,186],"context":[22,40,113],"matters":[23],"for":[24,108],"crime.":[25,115],"Yet":[26],"the":[27,69,76,80,87,144,194,201,237],"concept":[28],"sufficiently":[30],"vague":[31],"it":[33,48],"risks":[34],"becoming":[35],"meaningless":[36],"\u2013":[37],"if":[38,64],"community":[39,77,111,155],"all":[42,45,143],"things":[43],"to":[44,97,135,149,178],"people":[46],"then":[47],"simply":[50],"metaphor":[52],"with":[53],"no":[54],"real":[55],"explanatory":[56,100],"power.":[57],"What":[58,85],"community?":[61],"Neighborhood?":[62],"Even":[63],"we":[65,131],"can":[66],"agree":[67],"on":[68],"unit":[70],"analysis,":[72],"what":[73],"exactly":[74],"about":[75,110],"doing":[79],"explaining?":[81],"Do":[82],"communities":[83,126],"act?":[84],"mechanism":[88],"work?":[90],"In":[91,116],"this":[92],"chapter":[93],"I":[94,166],"shall":[95,167],"attempt":[96],"make":[98],"progress":[101],"by":[102],"setting":[103],"out":[104],"conceptual":[106],"framework":[107],"thinking":[109],"its":[117],"pure":[118],"form":[119],"my":[120],"claim":[121],"not":[123,133,157,200,235],"only":[124],"matter":[127],"but":[128,148,232],"also":[129],"need":[132],"have":[134],"explain":[136,179],"individual":[137,218],"criminal":[138],"behavior.":[139],"Multi-level":[140],"integration":[141],"rage":[145],"these":[146],"days,":[147],"demonstrate":[150],"causal":[152],"effect":[153],"does":[156,234],"necessarily":[158],"require":[159],"individuals":[160],"as":[161,183,205],"units":[162,184],"analysis.":[164],"As":[165],"elaborate,":[168],"theory":[170],"crime":[172,219],"rates,":[173],"especially":[174],"one":[175,233],"aims":[177],"how":[180,207],"neighborhoods":[181,208],"fare":[182],"control":[187],"over":[188],"their":[189],"own":[190],"public":[191],"spaces":[192],"in":[193],"here":[195],"now,":[197],"logically":[199],"same":[202],"theoretical":[203],"enterprise":[204],"explaining":[206],"exert":[209],"long-term":[210],"or":[211],"developmental":[212],"effects":[213],"ultimately":[215],"translate":[216],"into":[217],"(Wikstr\u00f6m":[220],"&":[221],"Sampson,":[222],"2003).":[223],"Both":[224],"sets":[225],"mechanisms":[227],"may":[228],"be":[229],"work,":[231],"compel":[236],"other.":[238]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}