{"id":"https://openalex.org/W787906284","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1520/stp158220140079","title":"Role of Helmets in Mitigation of Head Injuries: Epidemiologic Study of Head Injuries to Skiers","display_name":"Role of Helmets in Mitigation of Head Injuries: Epidemiologic Study of Head Injuries to Skiers","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W787906284","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1520/stp158220140079","mag":"787906284"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1520/stp158220140079","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1520/stp158220140079","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1520/stp158220140079","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Skiing Trauma and Safety: 20th Volume","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2060811789","display_name":"Skiing Trauma and Safety: 20th Volume"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010642313","display_name":"Jasper E. Shealy","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155173764","display_name":"Rochester Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00v4yb702","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jasper E. Shealy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rochester Institute of Technology and GEAR 1 , Rochester, NY14623, US "],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rochester Institute of Technology and GEAR 1 , Rochester, NY14623, US ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090278534","display_name":"Robert J. Johnson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8262-1828","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8262-1828"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111236770","display_name":"University of Vermont","ror":"https://ror.org/0155zta11","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111236770"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert J. Johnson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Vermont 2 , Burlington, VT05405, US ","UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Vermont 2 , Burlington, VT05405, US ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111236770"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111236770"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110301979","display_name":"Carl F. Ettlinger","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carl F. Ettlinger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vermont Ski Safety 3 , Underhill Center, VT05490, US "],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vermont Ski Safety 3 , Underhill Center, VT05490, US ","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040122366","display_name":"Irving S. Scher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5326-8559","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5326-8559"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Irving S. Scher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guidance Engineering and Applied Research 4 , Seattle, WA98105, US "],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guidance Engineering and Applied Research 4 , Seattle, WA98105, US ","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":40.481,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99624701,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"22","last_page":"36"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13176","display_name":"Winter Sports Injuries and Performance","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13176","display_name":"Winter Sports Injuries and Performance","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11824","display_name":"Injury Epidemiology and Prevention","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11246","display_name":"Sports injuries and prevention","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ski-helmets","display_name":"ski helmets","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traumatic-brain-injury","display_name":"traumatic brain injury","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skiing-injuries","display_name":"skiing injuries","score":0.5099999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/helmet-use","display_name":"helmet use","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skull-fracture","display_name":"skull fracture","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalp-laceration","display_name":"scalp laceration","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/injury-prevention","display_name":"injury prevention","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recreational-skiing","display_name":"recreational skiing","score":0.5450000166893005}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780312720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5689100","display_name":"Head (geology)","level":2,"score":0.8366771936416626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77595967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3151013","display_name":"Forensic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4447755515575409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.40137821435928345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178802073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8421","display_name":"Aeronautics","level":1,"score":0.37454092502593994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3582298457622528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.33796894550323486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1310860812664032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1520/stp158220140079","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1520/stp158220140079","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1520/stp158220140079","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Skiing Trauma and Safety: 20th Volume","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9922999739646912,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W584071906","https://openalex.org/W654554119","https://openalex.org/W821033590","https://openalex.org/W854200552","https://openalex.org/W983840511","https://openalex.org/W2008869461","https://openalex.org/W2013116064","https://openalex.org/W2066446068","https://openalex.org/W2116594984","https://openalex.org/W2167357865","https://openalex.org/W2176428774","https://openalex.org/W2263040939","https://openalex.org/W3202995179","https://openalex.org/W4241521904","https://openalex.org/W4241993737","https://openalex.org/W4248366805","https://openalex.org/W4252061365","https://openalex.org/W4255356117","https://openalex.org/W6628262227"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2043647767","https://openalex.org/W2511763044","https://openalex.org/W2297739700","https://openalex.org/W2160849201","https://openalex.org/W2104447308","https://openalex.org/W1636239893","https://openalex.org/W2220999911","https://openalex.org/W7098267006","https://openalex.org/W7073656189","https://openalex.org/W2016835231"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Helmets":[0,319],"have":[1],"been":[2],"proposed":[3],"as":[4,121,123,346,368,370],"a":[5,37,49,71,301,304,314,317,325,331,360],"means":[6],"of":[7,13,28,53,76,92,99,105,113,116,132,178,185,189,203,217,225,233,237,247,255,258,270,286,328,354],"injury":[8,240],"mitigation.":[9],"Head":[10],"injuries":[11,58,64,174,191,207,344],"are":[12,320],"particular":[14],"interest":[15,287],"due":[16],"to":[17,32,88,155,175,192,198,212,227,249,276,300,313],"the":[18,34,60,74,77,90,93,106,117,129,138,142,146,162,176,179,182,187,193,201,235,259,268,284,292],"potential":[19],"for":[20,283,342],"death":[21],"or":[22],"permanent":[23],"cognitive":[24],"impairment.":[25],"The":[26,46,97,215,279],"objective":[27],"this":[29,133,265],"paper":[30],"was":[31,288,299,312,356],"determine":[33],"degree":[35],"that":[36,164,263,323,336],"recreational":[38],"ski":[39],"sports":[40],"helmet":[41,150,165,271,281],"can":[42],"mitigate":[43],"head":[44,194,206,239,332,343,366,372],"injuries.":[45,373],"authors":[47],"conducted":[48],"prospective":[50],"epidemiological":[51],"study":[52,134,260],"all":[54,173,190,371],"medically":[55],"significant":[56,361],"skiing":[57],"at":[59,70,73,95,119,148,161],"Sugarbush":[61],"Resort.":[62],"All":[63],"were":[65,86,108],"diagnosed":[66],"and":[67,126,349],"initially":[68],"treated":[69],"clinic":[72],"base":[75],"resort":[78,100],"by":[79,102],"orthopedic":[80],"physicians.":[81],"Various":[82],"control":[83],"group":[84],"strategies":[85],"used":[87],"assess":[89],"characteristics":[91],"population":[94,107,118,147],"risk.":[96],"numbers":[98],"visits":[101],"various":[103],"sub-groups":[104],"carefully":[109],"audited.":[110],"Controls":[111],"consist":[112],"random":[114],"assessments":[115],"risk":[120],"well":[122,369],"equipment":[124],"examinations":[125],"evaluations.":[127],"During":[128],"time":[130,163],"period":[131,285],"(17":[135],"seasons":[136,184],"from":[137,153,196,210,220,242,274],"1995/1996":[139],"season":[140],"through":[141],"2011/2012":[143],"season),":[144],"within":[145],"risk,":[149],"usage":[151,166,272],"increased":[152,273],"8":[154,275],"84":[156,277],"%.":[157,214,278,290],"Our":[158],"analysis":[159],"began":[160],"became":[167],"popular.":[168],"We":[169,334],"specifically":[170],"focused":[171],"on":[172],"region":[177],"head.":[180],"For":[181],"17":[183],"interest,":[186],"prevalence":[188,202],"decreased":[195],"8.4":[197],"6.8":[199],"%;":[200],"potentially":[204,364],"serious":[205,365],"(PSHI)":[208],"declined":[209,219,241],"4.2":[211],"3.0":[213],"incidence":[216,236,269],"PSHI":[218],"1":[221,228,243,250,298,311],"in":[222,229,244,251,363],"4200":[223],"days":[224,232,246,254],"activity":[226,248],"11":[230],"000":[231,253],"activity;":[234],"any":[238],"8600":[245],"26":[252],"activity.":[256],"Results":[257],"also":[261,357],"stated":[262],"over":[264],"same":[266],"time,":[267],"average":[280],"use":[282,353],"45":[289],"Of":[291,306],"10":[293],"observed":[294,335],"skull":[295,347],"fractures,":[296],"only":[297,310],"person":[302,315],"wearing":[303,316],"helmet.":[305,318],"47":[307],"scalp":[308,350],"lacerations,":[309],"mechanical":[321],"devices":[322],"attenuate":[324],"finite":[326],"amount":[327],"energy":[329],"during":[330],"impact.":[333],"helmets":[337,355],"offer":[338],"very":[339],"effective":[340],"mitigation":[341],"such":[345],"fractures":[348],"lacerations.":[351],"Increased":[352],"associated":[358],"with":[359],"reduction":[362],"injuries,":[367]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}