{"id":"https://openalex.org/W787464485","doi":null,"title":"Vocational education and training in Botswana","display_name":"Vocational education and training in Botswana","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W787464485","mag":"787464485"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk:56166","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/56166/3/U584925%20DEC%20PAGE%20REMOVED.pdf","pdf_url":"https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/56166/3/U584925%20DEC%20PAGE%20REMOVED.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401195","display_name":"ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","host_organization_name":"Cardiff University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W787464485"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://uilis.unsyiah.ac.id/opentheses/items/show/49763","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057921758","display_name":"G. A. J. Kerton","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"G. A. J. Kerton","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057921758"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13532","display_name":"Education Systems and Policy","score":0.8291000127792358,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13532","display_name":"Education Systems and Policy","score":0.8291000127792358,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13872","display_name":"Vocational and Entrepreneurial Education","score":0.11699999868869781,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14508","display_name":"Vocational Education and Training","score":0.03180000185966492,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocational-education-and-training","display_name":"vocational education and training","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skill-development","display_name":"skill development","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/youth-unemployment","display_name":"youth unemployment","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-capital-theory","display_name":"human capital theory","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/english-language-teaching","display_name":"English language teaching","score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-placement","display_name":"industrial placement","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graduate-employability","display_name":"graduate employability","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employer-satisfaction","display_name":"employer satisfaction","score":0.5040000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-diversification","display_name":"economic diversification","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/botswana","display_name":"Botswana","score":0.871999979019165}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C668760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6869278","display_name":"Vocational education","level":2,"score":0.6581568717956543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780623907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106394435","display_name":"Disadvantaged","level":2,"score":0.504691481590271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778126366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41171","display_name":"Unemployment","level":2,"score":0.4680338203907013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180916674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3711935","display_name":"Diversification (marketing strategy)","level":2,"score":0.46340513229370117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.4562905430793762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4512833058834076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83864248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177323","display_name":"Developing country","level":2,"score":0.4298708438873291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.42941373586654663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779056439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q476713","display_name":"Expatriate","level":2,"score":0.4207971692085266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.39842405915260315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3166329264640808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.26548975706100464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.26207441091537476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.18870779871940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.1432422399520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk:56166","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/56166/3/U584925%20DEC%20PAGE%20REMOVED.pdf","pdf_url":"https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/56166/3/U584925%20DEC%20PAGE%20REMOVED.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401195","display_name":"ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","host_organization_name":"Cardiff University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"pmh:oai:uilis.unsyiah.ac.id:49763","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://uilis.unsyiah.ac.id/opentheses/items/show/49763","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196378","display_name":"UPT. Syiah Kuala University Library (Syiah Kuala University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I187494767","host_organization_name":"Universitas Syiah Kuala","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187494767"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"mag:787464485","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.584230","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:uilis.unsyiah.ac.id:49763","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://uilis.unsyiah.ac.id/opentheses/items/show/49763","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196378","display_name":"UPT. Syiah Kuala University Library (Syiah Kuala University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I187494767","host_organization_name":"Universitas Syiah Kuala","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187494767"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":1.0},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.6164000034332275}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W787464485.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W787464485.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7037592417","https://openalex.org/W4417192536","https://openalex.org/W1959303434","https://openalex.org/W2989062012","https://openalex.org/W2024051780","https://openalex.org/W3006586612","https://openalex.org/W24515453","https://openalex.org/W1798366509","https://openalex.org/W7204855815","https://openalex.org/W3086377156"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,208],"development":[1],"of":[2,12,26,40,111,123,132,135,175,186,200,210,225,233,241,267,278,296],"skill":[3,201],"formation":[4],"in":[5,9,31,97,243],"Botswana":[6,23],"was":[7,24,43,54,74,114,137],"investigated":[8],"the":[10,13,27,32,38,51,60,107,121,130,133,173,184,197,222,226,231,239,294],"context":[11],"global":[14],"economy":[15,199],"and":[16,94,99,102,109,116,145,150,155,157,165,213,238,251,256,259,272],"high":[17,159],"youth":[18,87],"unemployment.":[19],"At":[20],"independence":[21],"(1966)":[22],"one":[25,276],"ten":[28],"poorest":[29],"countries":[30],"world.":[33],"As":[34],"a":[35,70,79,176],"democratic":[36],"country":[37],"welfare":[39],"its":[41,85,166],"citizens":[42],"paramount,":[44],"consequently,":[45],"when":[46],"diamonds":[47,65],"were":[48,118,168,219,247,264,281,298],"discovered":[49],"(1967)":[50],"main":[52],"objective":[53],"to":[55,77,182,204,283,287,292],"improve":[56,293],"living":[57],"standards":[58],"throughout":[59],"country.":[61],"When":[62],"revenue":[63],"from":[64,139,304],"increased.":[66],"diversification":[67],"by":[68,249],"creating":[69],"stronger":[71],"industrial":[72,217,255,260],"base":[73],"considered":[75],"necessary":[76],"develop":[78],"sound":[80],"economy,":[81],"more":[82,192,206],"employment":[83],"for":[84,171,262,270],"expanding":[86],"population,":[88],"lessening":[89],"dependence":[90],"upon":[91],"expatriate":[92],"workers":[93,113],"further":[95],"investment":[96],"schools":[98],"vocational":[100],"education":[101],"training":[103],"(VET)":[104],"establishments,":[105],"however,":[106],"supply":[108],"demand":[110],"skilled":[112],"uncoordinated":[115],"employers":[117,156],"dissatisfied":[119],"with":[120,253],"quality":[122],"VET":[124,136,147,153,245,279,297],"graduates.":[125],"Wide":[126],"ranging":[127],"information":[128],"on":[129,189,196,215,230],"opinions":[131],"effectiveness":[134,295],"obtained":[138],"village":[140],"elders":[141],"school":[142],"leavers,":[143,148],"teachers":[144],"parents":[146],"lecturers":[149,250],"instructors":[151,252],"recent":[152],"graduates":[154,280],"other":[158],"ranking":[160],"individuals.":[161],"Human":[162],"capital":[163],"theory":[164],"assumptions":[167],"found":[169],"inappropriate":[170],"analysing":[172],"requirements":[174],"developing":[177],"country,":[178],"as":[179],"it":[180],"failed":[181],"consider":[183],"effects":[185,209],"traditional":[187,211],"culture":[188],"development.":[190],"A":[191],"holistic":[193],"approach,":[194],"based":[195],"political":[198],"formation,":[202],"appeared":[203],"be":[205],"suitable.":[207],"norms":[212],"expectations":[214],"western":[216],"practice":[218],"highlighted,":[220],"also,":[221],"negative":[223],"influence":[224],"didactic":[227],"teaching":[228,240,257],"style":[229],"application":[232],"theoretical":[234],"knowledge,":[235],"problem":[236],"solving":[237],"English":[242],"schools.":[244],"institutes":[246],"disadvantaged":[248],"limited":[254],"experience":[258],"placements":[261],"students":[263],"ineffective":[265],"because":[266],"inadequate":[268],"funding":[269],"guidelines":[271],"monitoring":[273],"procedures.":[274],"Only":[275],"third":[277],"able":[282],"obtain":[284],"work":[285],"appropriate":[286],"their":[288],"training.":[289],"Positive":[290],"actions":[291],"suggested,":[299],"but":[300],"they":[301],"require":[302],"commitment":[303],"all":[305],"stakeholders":[306]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-14T11:04:58.165337","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}