{"id":"https://openalex.org/W78426660","doi":null,"title":"Internationalization of higher education: Challenges, strategies, policies and programs","display_name":"Internationalization of higher education: Challenges, strategies, policies and programs","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W78426660","mag":"78426660"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:psasir.upm.edu.my:15274","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/15274/1/Internationalization%20of%20higher%20education.pdf","pdf_url":"http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/15274/1/Internationalization%20of%20higher%20education.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196260","display_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia Institutional Repository (Universiti Putra Malaysia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I130343225","host_organization_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/15274/1/Internationalization%20of%20higher%20education.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030587078","display_name":"Akbar Zolfaghari","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akbar Zolfaghari","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028345236","display_name":"Mohammad Shatar Sabran","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Shatar Sabran","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111777976","display_name":"Ali Zolfaghari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0892-4832","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0892-4832"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Zolfaghari","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.5811,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":61,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97844371,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"5","first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10546","display_name":"Higher Education Governance and Development","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10546","display_name":"Higher Education Governance and Development","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13789","display_name":"Global Education Systems and Policies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10907","display_name":"International Student and Expatriate Challenges","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internationalization-of-higher-education","display_name":"internationalization of higher education","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/globalization-of-education","display_name":"globalization of education","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developing-countries","display_name":"developing countries","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/higher-education-policy","display_name":"higher education policy","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/higher-education-finance","display_name":"higher education funding","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internationalization-strategy","display_name":"internationalization strategy","score":0.843999981880188}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97509610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3141064","display_name":"Internationalization","level":2,"score":0.9277679920196533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120912362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136822","display_name":"Higher education","level":2,"score":0.6826534867286682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2119116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7181","display_name":"Globalization","level":2,"score":0.6691765189170837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780876879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3054749","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","level":2,"score":0.5413117408752441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779177650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3595759","display_name":"International education","level":3,"score":0.5042258501052856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5037235617637634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778011250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11713395","display_name":"Internationalization of Higher Education","level":3,"score":0.4954487085342407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.49256616830825806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.450944185256958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.3746182322502136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.32560497522354126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.17522594332695007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.1679673194885254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.08553639054298401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.07100445032119751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:psasir.upm.edu.my:15274","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/15274/1/Internationalization%20of%20higher%20education.pdf","pdf_url":"http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/15274/1/Internationalization%20of%20higher%20education.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196260","display_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia Institutional Repository (Universiti Putra Malaysia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I130343225","host_organization_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"mag:78426660","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED505713.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:psasir.upm.edu.my:15274","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/15274/1/Internationalization%20of%20higher%20education.pdf","pdf_url":"http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/15274/1/Internationalization%20of%20higher%20education.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196260","display_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia Institutional Repository (Universiti Putra Malaysia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I130343225","host_organization_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.975600004196167,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"},{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.5217000246047974,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.5,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W78426660.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W607423032","https://openalex.org/W1533208760","https://openalex.org/W1577290583","https://openalex.org/W1949999658","https://openalex.org/W2106829690","https://openalex.org/W2168021197","https://openalex.org/W2169680175","https://openalex.org/W2185763531","https://openalex.org/W2208482347","https://openalex.org/W2527836888"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2951836892","https://openalex.org/W3160303215","https://openalex.org/W4213357535","https://openalex.org/W2566699754","https://openalex.org/W7154541494","https://openalex.org/W4362646996","https://openalex.org/W2914865142","https://openalex.org/W4381891359","https://openalex.org/W2118779373","https://openalex.org/W2366388317"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"today\u2019s":[1],"changing":[2],"world,":[3],"the":[4,43,58,74,86],"idea":[5],"of":[6,8,20,26,52,65,67,78,80,89],"internationalization":[7,66,79,90],"higher":[9,27,37,68,81],"education":[10,21,28,38],"especially":[11],"in":[12,93],"developing":[13],"countries":[14],"has":[15,39],"been":[16],"deduced":[17],"from":[18],"globalization":[19],"process.":[22],"The":[23,36,50],"international":[24],"aspect":[25],"is":[29,55],"becoming":[30],"increasingly":[31],"important,":[32],"composite,":[33],"and":[34,48,63,76],"confusing.":[35],"an":[40],"effect":[41],"on":[42],"society":[44],"through":[45],"policy-making,":[46],"funding,":[47],"planning.":[49],"purpose":[51],"this":[53,94],"paper":[54,71],"to":[56],"analyze":[57],"meaning,":[59],"definition,":[60],"importance,":[61],"necessity,":[62],"pre-requisites":[64],"education.":[69,82],"This":[70],"also":[72],"studies":[73],"programs":[75],"strategies":[77],"Key":[83],"challenges":[84],"for":[85],"future":[87],"direction":[88],"are":[91],"identified":[92],"paper.":[95]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}