{"id":"https://openalex.org/W783106293","doi":null,"title":"How deep are effects of language on thought? Time estimation in speakers of English, Indonesian, Greek, and Spanish","display_name":"How deep are effects of language on thought? Time estimation in speakers of English, Indonesian, Greek, and Spanish","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W783106293","mag":"783106293"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org/ark:/13030/qt9m92g1s5","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9m92g1s5","pdf_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9m92g1s5","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, vol 26, iss 26","raw_type":"article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9m92g1s5","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086958518","display_name":"Daniel J. Casasanto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2021-1580","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2021-1580"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Casasanto","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2021-1580","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082687099","display_name":"Lera Boroditsky","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lera Boroditsky","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090874105","display_name":"Webb Phillips","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Webb Phillips","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032689401","display_name":"Jesse Greene","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jesse Greene","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038100682","display_name":"Shima Goswami","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shima Goswami","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041730273","display_name":"Simon Bocanegra-Thiel","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon Bocanegra-Thiel","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065763580","display_name":"Ilia Santiago-Diaz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ilia Santiago-Diaz","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009709257","display_name":"Olga Fotokopolou","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Olga Fotokopolou","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113457418","display_name":"Ria Pita","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ria Pita","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101853935","display_name":"David Gil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4606-1701","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4606-1701"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149899117","display_name":"Max Planck Society","ror":"https://ror.org/01hhn8329","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118560","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology","ror":"https://ror.org/02a33b393","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210118560"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Gil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Linguistics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4606-1701","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Linguistics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210118560"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3198,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":127,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8819931,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"26","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11148","display_name":"Language, Metaphor, and Cognition","score":0.9014000296592712,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11148","display_name":"Language, Metaphor, and Cognition","score":0.9014000296592712,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12694","display_name":"Categorization, perception, and language","score":0.09790000319480896,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12658","display_name":"Language and Culture","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-and-thought","display_name":"language and thought","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-perception","display_name":"time perception","score":0.6690000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-estimation","display_name":"time estimation","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-metaphor","display_name":"spatial metaphor","score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-linguistic-differences","display_name":"cross-linguistic differences","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temporal-cognition","display_name":"temporal cognition","score":0.39800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychophysics","display_name":"psychophysics","score":0.5460000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/duration-perception","display_name":"duration perception","score":0.36000001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistic-relativity","display_name":"linguistic relativity","score":0.5149999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/english-language","display_name":"English language","score":0.4359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indonesian","display_name":"Indonesian","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/greeks","display_name":"Greeks","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spanish-language","display_name":"Spanish language","score":1.0}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101755528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179677","display_name":"Linguistic relativity","level":3,"score":0.6172470450401306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.5996893644332886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779207338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9240","display_name":"Indonesian","level":2,"score":0.5926755666732788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.4991269111633301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98184364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1780131","display_name":"Argument (complex analysis)","level":2,"score":0.49755337834358215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777003408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5419252","display_name":"Exaggeration","level":2,"score":0.4658687114715576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778121359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8096","display_name":"Lexicon","level":2,"score":0.45629337430000305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778120072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2858150","display_name":"Aside","level":2,"score":0.4387095868587494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777939226","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7976","display_name":"American English","level":2,"score":0.4217950999736786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781035248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186150","display_name":"Fallacy","level":2,"score":0.41993528604507446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3364242911338806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.30675798654556274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.22021552920341492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.14768165349960327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org/ark:/13030/qt9m92g1s5","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9m92g1s5","pdf_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9m92g1s5","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, vol 26, iss 26","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:qt9m92g1s5","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/9m92g1s5","pdf_url":"http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/9m92g1s5","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Casasanto, Daniel; Boroditsky, Lera; Phillips, Webb; Greene, Jesse; Goswami, Shima; Bocanegra-Thiel, Simon; \u00c2\u00a0et al.(2004). How deep are effects of language on thought? Time estimation in speakers of English, Indonesian, Greek, and Spanish. Proceedings of the Cognitive Science Society, 26(26). Retrieved from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/9m92g1s5","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:edoc.mpg.de:217365","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://edoc.mpg.de/217365","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922265","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Kenneth Forbus, Dedre Gentner, Terry Reiger: Proceedings of the 26th Annual Cognitive Science Society, Lawrence Erlbaum (2004)","raw_type":"Conference-Paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.mpg.de:item_1555664","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0010-0569-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400654","display_name":"MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I149899117","host_organization_name":"Max Planck Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 26th Annual Cognitive Science Society","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"mag:783106293","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/content/qt9m92g1s5/qt9m92g1s5.pdf?t=op2n1e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306523994","display_name":"Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org/ark:/13030/qt9m92g1s5","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9m92g1s5","pdf_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9m92g1s5","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, vol 26, iss 26","raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W783106293.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W783106293.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W51494718","https://openalex.org/W564141097","https://openalex.org/W569907279","https://openalex.org/W1520020354","https://openalex.org/W1542958360","https://openalex.org/W1584697775","https://openalex.org/W1652849165","https://openalex.org/W1843432598","https://openalex.org/W1968133283","https://openalex.org/W1993467165","https://openalex.org/W1993750641","https://openalex.org/W2052417512","https://openalex.org/W2081981374","https://openalex.org/W2085102629","https://openalex.org/W2087587744","https://openalex.org/W2105799497","https://openalex.org/W2123987305","https://openalex.org/W2134968220","https://openalex.org/W2143809267","https://openalex.org/W2264155890","https://openalex.org/W2767305154"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7098153942","https://openalex.org/W7125900282","https://openalex.org/W4402548899","https://openalex.org/W2892985139","https://openalex.org/W2120640599","https://openalex.org/W4402548870","https://openalex.org/W2105799497","https://openalex.org/W4412344456","https://openalex.org/W7100021931","https://openalex.org/W3176952062"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Do":[0],"the":[1,10,47,108,112,116,134,137,157],"languages":[2,38],"that":[3,62,136],"we":[4,8,159,178],"speak":[5],"affect":[6],"how":[7],"experience":[9],"world?This":[11],"question":[12],"was":[13,131],"taken":[14],"up":[15],"in":[16,26,125,150],"a":[17,74],"linguistic":[18,58],"survey":[19],"and":[20,33,53,64,79,120,129,143,182],"two":[21],"non-linguistic":[22],"psychophysical":[23,89,109],"experiments":[24,92],"conducted":[25,94],"native":[27,152],"speakers":[28],"of":[29,36,115],"English,":[30,126],"Indonesian,":[31,127],"Greek,":[32,128],"Spanish.All":[34],"four":[35],"these":[37],"use":[39],"spatial":[40,148],"metaphors":[41,124,149],"to":[42,67,95],"talk":[43],"about":[44],"time,":[45],"but":[46],"particular":[48],"metaphoric":[49],"mappings":[50],"between":[51],"time":[52,90],"space":[54],"vary":[55],"across":[56],"languages.A":[57],"corpus":[59],"study":[60],"revealed":[61],"English":[63],"Indonesian":[65],"tend":[66],"map":[68,82],"duration":[69,83],"onto":[70,84],"linear":[71],"distance":[72],"(e.g.,":[73,86],"long":[75],"time),":[76],"whereas":[77],"Greek":[78],"Spanish":[80],"preferentially":[81],"quantity":[85],"much":[87],"time).Two":[88],"estimation":[91],"were":[93],"determine":[96],"whether":[97],"this":[98],"cross-linguistic":[99],"difference":[100],"has":[101],"implications":[102],"for":[103],"speakers'":[104],"temporal":[105],"thinking.Performance":[106],"on":[107],"tasks":[110,138],"reflected":[111],"relative":[113],"frequencies":[114],"'time":[117,121],"as":[118,122,172],"distance'":[119],"quantity'":[123],"Spanish.This":[130],"true":[132],"despite":[133],"fact":[135],"used":[139],"entirely":[140],"nonlinguistic":[141],"stimuli":[142],"responses.Results":[144],"suggest":[145],"that:":[146],"(1.)The":[147],"our":[151],"language":[153],"may":[154],"profoundly":[155],"influence":[156],"way":[158],"mentally":[160],"represent":[161],"time.(2.)":[162],"Language":[163],"can":[164],"shape":[165],"even":[166],"primitive,":[167],"low-level":[168],"mental":[169],"processes":[170],"such":[171],"estimating":[173],"brief":[174],"durations":[175],"-an":[176],"ability":[177],"share":[179],"with":[180],"babies":[181],"non-human":[183],"animals.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}