{"id":"https://openalex.org/W78309464","doi":null,"title":"An ecological study of serum cholesterol and ischaemic heart disease between 1950 and 1990.","display_name":"An ecological study of serum cholesterol and ischaemic heart disease between 1950 and 1990.","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W78309464","mag":"78309464","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8055847"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:8055847","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8055847","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European journal of clinical nutrition","raw_type":"Comparative Study"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108098283","display_name":"Malcolm R. Law","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1307195382","display_name":"St Bartholomew's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00nh9x179","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1307195382","https://openalex.org/I225661044"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M R Law","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Medical College of St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Medical College of St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1307195382","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109573937","display_name":"N J Wald","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N J Wald","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3192,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":82,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92157477,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"48","issue":"5","first_page":"305","last_page":"25"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10394","display_name":"Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health","score":0.9750999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10394","display_name":"Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health","score":0.9750999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13522","display_name":"Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors","score":0.012199999764561653,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12935","display_name":"Healthcare Systems and Public Health","score":0.007499999832361937,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/serum-cholesterol","display_name":"serum cholesterol","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ischemic-heart-disease","display_name":"ischemic heart disease","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ldl-cholesterol","display_name":"LDL cholesterol","score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/total-cholesterol","display_name":"total cholesterol","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-variation-in-mortality","display_name":"regional variation in mortality","score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiovascular-risk","display_name":"cardiovascular risk","score":0.47099998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-national-comparison","display_name":"cross-national comparison","score":0.5370000004768372}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778163477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43656","display_name":"Cholesterol","level":2,"score":0.7688852548599243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018759053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844935","display_name":"Ischaemic heart disease","level":2,"score":0.6967101097106934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993922820","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43656","display_name":"Serum cholesterol","level":3,"score":0.6219584941864014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5930901765823364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.5108916163444519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018906752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844935","display_name":"Coronary heart disease","level":2,"score":0.49043795466423035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779073485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q762713","display_name":"High cholesterol","level":3,"score":0.4386109411716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139572402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927820","display_name":"Blood lipids","level":3,"score":0.4171358346939087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.3785246014595032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002423","descriptor_name":"Cause of Death","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002784","descriptor_name":"Cholesterol","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003327","descriptor_name":"Coronary Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003327","descriptor_name":"Coronary Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003431","descriptor_name":"Cross-Cultural Comparison","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006937","descriptor_name":"Hypercholesterolemia","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006937","descriptor_name":"Hypercholesterolemia","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:8055847","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8055847","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European journal of clinical nutrition","raw_type":"Comparative Study"},{"id":"mag:78309464","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8055847","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9940000176429749}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2132931461","https://openalex.org/W4294383028","https://openalex.org/W4254714439","https://openalex.org/W3018100433","https://openalex.org/W7151222803","https://openalex.org/W2041370528","https://openalex.org/W2023505528","https://openalex.org/W2099400759","https://openalex.org/W2028693103","https://openalex.org/W2765058379"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"(i)":[1],"To":[2,30],"carry":[3],"out":[4],"a":[5,202,205,211],"quantitative":[6],"analysis":[7],"of":[8,44,74,109,115,126,140,153,156,175,185,201,216],"the":[9,20,110,154,176],"average":[10,48,75,135],"serum":[11,34,49,76,104,150,171],"cholesterol":[12,35,50,60,77,105,125,151,172,184],"levels":[13,36,78],"in":[14,17,26,33,39,51,54,64,87,103,113,121,137,161,170,179,183,193,213],"different":[15,40,55],"countries":[16,130,198],"relationship":[18],"to":[19,98],"ischaemic":[21],"heart":[22],"disease":[23],"(IHD)":[24],"mortality":[25,139,215],"these":[27],"countries.":[28,41,56,118],"(ii)":[29],"examine":[31],"changes":[32],"over":[37,164,199,217],"time":[38,81],"DESIGN:":[42],"Analysis":[43],"published":[45],"surveys":[46,61,147],"measuring":[47],"specified":[52,80],"communities":[53,163,196],"SETTING:":[57],"The":[58],"original":[59],"were":[62],"mainly":[63],"occupational":[65],"and":[66],"residential":[67],"settings.":[68],"RESULTS:":[69],"Survey":[70],"data":[71],"allowed":[72],"estimation":[73],"during":[79],"periods":[82,200],"for":[83,107],"17":[84],"countries;":[85],"estimates":[86],"men":[88],"aged":[89],"40-59":[90],"years":[91],"varied":[92],"from":[93],"3.8":[94],"mmol/l":[95,100,128,158,188],"(rural":[96],"China)":[97],"7.0":[99],"(Finland).":[101],"Variation":[102,169],"accounted":[106],"80%":[108],"tenfold":[111],"range":[112],"risk":[114],"IHD":[116,138,180,214],"across":[117],"A":[119],"difference":[120,136],"total":[122],"(or":[123],"LDL)":[124],"0.6":[127,157,187],"between":[129],"was":[131],"associated":[132,209],"with":[133,210],"an":[134],"37%":[141],"at":[142],"age":[143],"55-64":[144],"years.":[145,167],"Repeat":[146],"showed":[148],"that":[149,207],"reductions":[152],"order":[155],"have":[159,190],"occurred":[160],"some":[162,194],"about":[165,186],"5-10":[166],"CONCLUSIONS:":[168],"explains":[173],"four-fifths":[174],"geographical":[177],"variation":[178],"mortality.":[181],"Reductions":[182],"(10%)":[189],"been":[191],"achieved":[192],"Western":[195],"or":[197],"few":[203],"years,":[204],"change":[206],"is":[208],"decrease":[212],"one-third.":[218]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
