{"id":"https://openalex.org/W781031319","doi":null,"title":"Flowerpiercers and hummingbirds: A comparative study of nectar feeding strategies in birds","display_name":"Flowerpiercers and hummingbirds: A comparative study of nectar feeding strategies in birds","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W781031319","mag":"781031319"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/280325","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280325","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280325","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400271","display_name":"UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I138006243","host_organization_name":"University of Arizona","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic)"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280325","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002781133","display_name":"Jorge E. Schondube","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9569-8805","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9569-8805"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jorge E. Schondube-Friedewold","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002781133"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10089","display_name":"Avian ecology and behavior","score":0.6157000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10089","display_name":"Avian ecology and behavior","score":0.6157000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10487","display_name":"Plant and animal studies","score":0.3107999861240387,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10174","display_name":"Animal Behavior and Reproduction","score":0.03220000118017197,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hummingbirds","display_name":"hummingbirds","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nectar-feeding","display_name":"nectar feeding","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nectar-robbing","display_name":"nectar robbing","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frugivory","display_name":"frugivory","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digestive-enzymes","display_name":"digestive enzymes","score":0.5509999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sucrase-activity","display_name":"sucrase activity","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sugar-preference","display_name":"sugar preference","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nectar-concentration","display_name":"nectar concentration","score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nectar-composition","display_name":"nectar composition","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annual-cycle","display_name":"annual cycle","score":0.46299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reproductive-cycle","display_name":"reproductive cycle","score":0.6460000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/molting","display_name":"molting","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergent-evolution","display_name":"convergent evolution","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neotropical-birds","display_name":"Neotropical birds","score":0.5910000205039978}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137793583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171934","display_name":"Nectar","level":3,"score":0.9009995460510254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.7083355188369751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90856448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431","display_name":"Zoology","level":1,"score":0.6040171384811401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780610420","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43624","display_name":"Hummingbird","level":2,"score":0.5630800127983093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017650416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3281331","display_name":"Feeding behavior","level":2,"score":0.4407177269458771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.2695150077342987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780618852","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79932","display_name":"Pollen","level":2,"score":0.08260121941566467}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/280325","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280325","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280325","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400271","display_name":"UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I138006243","host_organization_name":"University of Arizona","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic)"},{"id":"mag:781031319","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://arizona.openrepository.com/arizona/handle/10150/280325","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/280325","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280325","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280325","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400271","display_name":"UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I138006243","host_organization_name":"University of Arizona","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic)"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3530744331","display_name":"RTG:  The Analysis of Biological Diversification","funder_award_id":"9602246","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7015513446","display_name":"Coping with a Watery Diet:  Integration of Metabolic, Digestive, and Osmoregulatory Processes","funder_award_id":"0110416","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309787","display_name":"National Fish and Wildlife Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/01250xt95"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316432","display_name":"National Institute of Ecology","ror":"https://ror.org/00ap24592"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317037","display_name":"Universidad de Guadalajara","ror":"https://ror.org/043xj7k26"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W781031319.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W781031319.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":146,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W263843059","https://openalex.org/W305854521","https://openalex.org/W381859404","https://openalex.org/W634574652","https://openalex.org/W654893283","https://openalex.org/W1544815196","https://openalex.org/W1558456135","https://openalex.org/W1563177871","https://openalex.org/W1569473753","https://openalex.org/W1601033605","https://openalex.org/W1886393675","https://openalex.org/W1963903102","https://openalex.org/W1966548527","https://openalex.org/W1967711892","https://openalex.org/W1968258561","https://openalex.org/W1968351603","https://openalex.org/W1971435391","https://openalex.org/W1971579340","https://openalex.org/W1974907942","https://openalex.org/W1976173876","https://openalex.org/W1977957470","https://openalex.org/W1979511175","https://openalex.org/W1982132420","https://openalex.org/W1985993801","https://openalex.org/W1988735259","https://openalex.org/W1989025383","https://openalex.org/W1992316946","https://openalex.org/W1992377612","https://openalex.org/W1994589829","https://openalex.org/W1995687461","https://openalex.org/W1996190440","https://openalex.org/W1997160947","https://openalex.org/W1998781513","https://openalex.org/W1999093523","https://openalex.org/W2002966473","https://openalex.org/W2006463301","https://openalex.org/W2010613379","https://openalex.org/W2012690501","https://openalex.org/W2013150152","https://openalex.org/W2013200027","https://openalex.org/W2013410948","https://openalex.org/W2013678931","https://openalex.org/W2015737182","https://openalex.org/W2017100482","https://openalex.org/W2017120082","https://openalex.org/W2021047239","https://openalex.org/W2021257054","https://openalex.org/W2023077733","https://openalex.org/W2025194049","https://openalex.org/W2031735656","https://openalex.org/W2032602327","https://openalex.org/W2033081465","https://openalex.org/W2035476421","https://openalex.org/W2037544741","https://openalex.org/W2038040564","https://openalex.org/W2038227831","https://openalex.org/W2038892288","https://openalex.org/W2039136976","https://openalex.org/W2039265423","https://openalex.org/W2042871417","https://openalex.org/W2047935372","https://openalex.org/W2048785675","https://openalex.org/W2048930456","https://openalex.org/W2050284116","https://openalex.org/W2051265855","https://openalex.org/W2054049607","https://openalex.org/W2054710841","https://openalex.org/W2058222443","https://openalex.org/W2058669904","https://openalex.org/W2059140499","https://openalex.org/W2065126954","https://openalex.org/W2067598032","https://openalex.org/W2069453131","https://openalex.org/W2069935007","https://openalex.org/W2071852622","https://openalex.org/W2073152080","https://openalex.org/W2078000422","https://openalex.org/W2078018798","https://openalex.org/W2080843536","https://openalex.org/W2081555343","https://openalex.org/W2082791174","https://openalex.org/W2087193772","https://openalex.org/W2088262090","https://openalex.org/W2088435296","https://openalex.org/W2093289928","https://openalex.org/W2096383681","https://openalex.org/W2097375701","https://openalex.org/W2108388244","https://openalex.org/W2112371361","https://openalex.org/W2114330124","https://openalex.org/W2115729443","https://openalex.org/W2118153142","https://openalex.org/W2121883369","https://openalex.org/W2128276402","https://openalex.org/W2132543781","https://openalex.org/W2134654456","https://openalex.org/W2135675144","https://openalex.org/W2142279822","https://openalex.org/W2142431093","https://openalex.org/W2143862623","https://openalex.org/W2146881900","https://openalex.org/W2151102896","https://openalex.org/W2155842769","https://openalex.org/W2166839935","https://openalex.org/W2172660316","https://openalex.org/W2173672532","https://openalex.org/W2173682007","https://openalex.org/W2176610242","https://openalex.org/W2179176091","https://openalex.org/W2189670927","https://openalex.org/W2204244275","https://openalex.org/W2255524672","https://openalex.org/W2270665397","https://openalex.org/W2276464979","https://openalex.org/W2291418148","https://openalex.org/W2307178560","https://openalex.org/W2308475546","https://openalex.org/W2312247977","https://openalex.org/W2313447379","https://openalex.org/W2313927117","https://openalex.org/W2314184819","https://openalex.org/W2314436500","https://openalex.org/W2314530219","https://openalex.org/W2315075855","https://openalex.org/W2316036056","https://openalex.org/W2320515776","https://openalex.org/W2320670349","https://openalex.org/W2321772509","https://openalex.org/W2322094063","https://openalex.org/W2324768608","https://openalex.org/W2326069719","https://openalex.org/W2326230845","https://openalex.org/W2327960699","https://openalex.org/W2328025758","https://openalex.org/W2328929706","https://openalex.org/W2330804396","https://openalex.org/W2331861684","https://openalex.org/W2334838557","https://openalex.org/W2416937760","https://openalex.org/W2501377491","https://openalex.org/W2526976425","https://openalex.org/W2570997426","https://openalex.org/W2799048607","https://openalex.org/W3032532847","https://openalex.org/W3121311475","https://openalex.org/W3199944248"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2157775494","https://openalex.org/W7096232282","https://openalex.org/W2005893483","https://openalex.org/W3107208846","https://openalex.org/W2048930456","https://openalex.org/W3170355095","https://openalex.org/W1516710175","https://openalex.org/W2314184819","https://openalex.org/W26829628","https://openalex.org/W7039747967"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Nectarivory":[0],"has":[1],"evolved":[2,13,171],"independently":[3],"eight":[4],"times":[5],"among":[6],"birds.":[7,295],"In":[8],"the":[9,33,38,41,53,69,99,106,112,115,121,128,154,208,290,314,327,330],"neotropics":[10],"specialized":[11],"nectarivory":[12,56],"in":[14,32,82,98,234,253,313],"hummingbirds":[15,29,214,219],"and":[16,28,101,118,160,213,274,302,310,335],"flowerpiercers":[17,27,132,170,187,212,227],"(genus":[18],"Diglossa).":[19],"Flowerpiercers":[20,60],"are":[21,30,120,153,215,256,276,306],"nectar-robbers":[22],"of":[23,40,71,114,123,131,136,156,182,211,293,316,329,338],"hummingbird-pollinated":[24],"plants.":[25],"Because":[26],"found":[31,167,206,249],"same":[34,42],"habitats":[35],"feeding":[36,148],"on":[37,58,198,289],"nectar":[39,147,272,322],"flowers,":[43],"they":[44,85,94,268,284],"provide":[45],"us":[46],"with":[47,134,176,308],"a":[48,65,173,177,183,201,286],"unique":[49],"opportunity":[50],"to":[51,78,188,196,238,244,320,324],"understand":[52],"pressures":[54],"that":[55,63,168,207,250,305],"imposes":[57],"animals.":[59],"present":[61],"beaks":[62],"have":[64,221,285,325],"long":[66],"hook":[67,75],"at":[68,265],"tip":[70],"their":[72,90,96,194],"maxilla.":[73],"The":[74,180,318],"is":[76,111],"used":[77],"hold":[79],"tubular":[80],"flowers":[81],"place":[83],"while":[84],"stab":[86],"them":[87],"by":[88,146,241],"projecting":[89],"lower":[91,259],"mandible.":[92],"Then,":[93],"insert":[95],"tongues":[97],"puncture":[100],"extract":[102],"nectar.":[103],"I":[104,166,205,247],"investigated":[105],"following":[107],"questions:":[108],"(1)":[109],"What":[110,152],"function":[113],"flowerpiercer's":[116],"hook,":[117],"which":[119,220],"consequences":[122],"its":[124,163,242],"evolution?":[125],"(2)":[126],"Are":[127],"digestive":[129,141,209],"traits":[130,142,210,337],"convergent":[133],"those":[135],"hummingbirds?":[137],"(3)":[138],"How":[139],"do":[140],"affect":[143],"sugar":[144,251,291],"selection":[145],"birds?":[149],"And":[150],"(4)":[151],"effects":[155],"Diglossa":[157],"baritula's":[158],"physiology":[159],"behavior":[161],"over":[162],"annual":[164],"cycles?":[165],"nectarivorous":[169],"from":[172],"frugivorous":[174],"ancestor":[175],"hookless":[178],"beak.":[179],"evolution":[181,328],"hooked":[184],"bill":[185],"allowed":[186],"become":[189],"efficient":[190],"nectar-robers,":[191],"but":[192],"hindered":[193],"efficiency":[195],"feed":[197],"fruit.":[199],"Using":[200],"phylogenetically":[202],"informed":[203],"approach,":[204],"not":[216],"convergent.":[217],"Unlike":[218],"astounding":[222],"intestinal":[223],"sucrase":[224,230],"activity":[225],"levels,":[226],"had":[228],"low":[229],"activity.":[231],"Nectar":[232],"intake":[233],"D.":[235,296,339],"baritula":[236,297],"seems":[237],"be":[239],"limited":[240],"ability":[243,319],"digest":[245],"sucrose.":[246,270],"also":[248],"preferences":[252,292],"nectar-feeding":[254,294],"birds":[255,261],"concentration-dependent.":[257],"At":[258],"concentrations":[260,267],"preferred":[262,269],"hexoses,":[263],"whereas":[264],"higher":[266],"Although":[271],"composition":[273],"concentration":[275],"often":[277],"discussed":[278],"as":[279],"two":[280],"different":[281],"floral":[282],"traits,":[283],"synergistic":[287],"effect":[288],"individuals":[298],"exhibit":[299],"biannual":[300],"reproductive":[301],"molting":[303],"cycles":[304],"synchronized":[307],"flower":[309],"fruit":[311],"abundance":[312],"mountains":[315],"Mexico.":[317],"rob":[321],"appears":[323],"molded":[326],"most":[331],"important":[332],"morphological,":[333],"physiological":[334],"behavioral":[336],"baritula.":[340]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}