{"id":"https://openalex.org/W778583755","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/145131","title":"Sex Differences in Academic Rank and Salary among Science Doctorates in Teaching","display_name":"Sex Differences in Academic Rank and Salary among Science Doctorates in Teaching","publication_year":1968,"publication_date":"1968-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W778583755","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/145131","mag":"778583755"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/145131","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/145131","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/145131","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62957338","display_name":"The Journal of Human Resources","issn_l":"0022-166X","issn":["0022-166X","1548-8004"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-2","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315918","host_organization_name":"University of Wisconsin Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315918","https://openalex.org/P4310315897"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Wisconsin Press","University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Human Resources","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112712381","display_name":"Alan E. Bayer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alan E. Bayer","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053780410","display_name":"Helen S. Astin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Helen S. Astin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.7794,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":40,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97138554,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"2","first_page":"191","last_page":"191"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13989","display_name":"Labour Market and Migration","score":0.36160001158714294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13989","display_name":"Labour Market and Migration","score":0.36160001158714294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10726","display_name":"Career Development and Diversity","score":0.2150000035762787,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11047","display_name":"Gender Diversity and Inequality","score":0.16279999911785126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences","display_name":"sex differences","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/academic-rank","display_name":"academic rank","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/faculty-salaries","display_name":"faculty salaries","score":0.574999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-in-science","display_name":"women in science","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/promotion","display_name":"promotion","score":0.32600000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tenure","display_name":"tenure","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wage-discrimination","display_name":"wage discrimination","score":0.9010000228881836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780090960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194489","display_name":"Salary","level":2,"score":0.9787744879722595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164226766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293202","display_name":"Rank (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.5995421409606934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20387591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q930752","display_name":"Specialty","level":2,"score":0.4844481945037842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.41490161418914795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.40704795718193054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3539387583732605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.3408712148666382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.25504258275032043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.20211607217788696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.1125803291797638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08621105551719666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.06498327851295471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/145131","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/145131","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/145131","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62957338","display_name":"The Journal of Human Resources","issn_l":"0022-166X","issn":["0022-166X","1548-8004"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-2","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315918","host_organization_name":"University of Wisconsin Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315918","https://openalex.org/P4310315897"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Wisconsin Press","University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Human Resources","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:uwp:jhriss:v:3:y:1968:i:2:p:191-200","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/145131","pdf_url":"http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/145131","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.9629999995231628,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"},{"display_name":"Gender equality","score":0.7307999730110168,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Gender equality","score":0.6600000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2095914254","https://openalex.org/W7098991855","https://openalex.org/W3124311270","https://openalex.org/W3124534153","https://openalex.org/W7098508742","https://openalex.org/W1975439926","https://openalex.org/W3122551703","https://openalex.org/W2069754758","https://openalex.org/W1522836733","https://openalex.org/W2112065701"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Employment":[0],"information,":[1],"reported":[2],"by":[3],"approximately":[4],"2,":[5],"700":[6],"recent":[7],"science":[8],"doctorates":[9,102],"to":[10,37,47,51,64],"the":[11,22,43,60,74,98],"1964":[12],"National":[13],"Register":[14],"of":[15,26,53,86,100],"Scientific":[16],"and":[17,31,81],"Technical":[18],"Personnel,":[19],"indicates":[20],"that":[21,103],"beginning":[23,80],"academic":[24,83,93],"rank":[25],"new":[27],"scientists":[28],"in":[29,42,59,78],"college":[30],"university":[32],"teaching":[33],"positions":[34],"is":[35,106,111],"unrelated":[36],"sex.":[38],"Over":[39],"time,":[40],"women":[41,58,101],"natural":[44],"sciences":[45,62],"continue":[46],"receive":[48],"promotions":[49],"comparable":[50],"those":[52],"their":[54],"male":[55],"cohorts.":[56],"However,":[57],"social":[61],"tend":[63],"be":[65],"promoted":[66],"less":[67],"rapidly":[68],"than":[69,110],"men.":[70],"Salary":[71],"differentials,":[72],"on":[73],"other":[75],"hand,":[76],"exist":[77],"both":[79],"later":[82],"positions,":[84],"regardless":[85],"major":[87],"field":[88],"specialty,":[89],"work":[90],"setting,":[91],"or":[92,115],"rank.":[94],"These":[95],"data":[96],"support":[97],"contentions":[99],"salary":[104],"discrimination":[105,112],"practiced":[107],"more":[108],"severely":[109],"regarding":[113],"tenure":[114],"promotions.":[116]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-27T08:07:27.782135","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}