{"id":"https://openalex.org/W778405834","doi":null,"title":"Effect of volcanic eruptions on the hydrological cycle","display_name":"Effect of volcanic eruptions on the hydrological cycle","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-11-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W778405834","mag":"778405834"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:era.ed.ac.uk:1842/9918","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9918","pdf_url":"https://era.ed.ac.uk/bitstream/1842/9918/2/Iles2014.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055182","display_name":"ERA","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis or Dissertation"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://era.ed.ac.uk/bitstream/1842/9918/2/Iles2014.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059210866","display_name":"Carley Elizabeth Iles","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3504-2107","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3504-2107"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Carley Iles","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3504-2107","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059210866"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2488","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10347","display_name":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","score":0.5342000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10347","display_name":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","score":0.5342000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10029","display_name":"Climate variability and models","score":0.3402999937534332,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12615","display_name":"Climate Change and Geoengineering","score":0.1080000028014183,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/volcanic-eruptions","display_name":"volcanic eruptions","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/volcanic-aerosols","display_name":"volcanic aerosols","score":0.6690000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sulfate-aerosols","display_name":"sulfate aerosols","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-cycle","display_name":"water cycle","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monsoon-rainfall","display_name":"monsoon rainfall","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intertropical-convergence-zone","display_name":"Intertropical Convergence Zone","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/el-nino-southern-oscillation","display_name":"ENSO","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/north-atlantic-oscillation","display_name":"North Atlantic Oscillation","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/streamflow","display_name":"river discharge","score":0.5180000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geoengineering","display_name":"geoengineering","score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-radiation-reduction","display_name":"solar radiation reduction","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerosol-optical-depth","display_name":"aerosol optical depth","score":0.6700000166893005}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120806208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8072","display_name":"Volcano","level":2,"score":0.6839995980262756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133830359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81041","display_name":"Water cycle","level":2,"score":0.5923133492469788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1965285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8008","display_name":"Earth science","level":1,"score":0.48121121525764465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.3857460916042328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.37756308913230896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3679646849632263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17409809","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161764","display_name":"Geochemistry","level":1,"score":0.2055124044418335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.12177649140357971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.06170961260795593}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:era.ed.ac.uk:1842/9918","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9918","pdf_url":"https://era.ed.ac.uk/bitstream/1842/9918/2/Iles2014.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055182","display_name":"ERA","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis or Dissertation"},{"id":"mag:778405834","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://era.ed.ac.uk/handle/1842/9918","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306508950","display_name":"EGUGA","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"EGUGA","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:era.ed.ac.uk:1842/9918","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9918","pdf_url":"https://era.ed.ac.uk/bitstream/1842/9918/2/Iles2014.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055182","display_name":"ERA","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis or Dissertation"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W778405834.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W778405834.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":131,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1481171371","https://openalex.org/W1482932425","https://openalex.org/W1526059244","https://openalex.org/W1544875105","https://openalex.org/W1547693539","https://openalex.org/W1554806884","https://openalex.org/W1565842855","https://openalex.org/W1583401518","https://openalex.org/W1607035973","https://openalex.org/W1615759830","https://openalex.org/W1700325832","https://openalex.org/W1716681918","https://openalex.org/W1749048564","https://openalex.org/W1905430927","https://openalex.org/W1913217792","https://openalex.org/W1913840600","https://openalex.org/W1916473481","https://openalex.org/W1956590589","https://openalex.org/W1964551106","https://openalex.org/W1965454627","https://openalex.org/W1965514539","https://openalex.org/W1965690360","https://openalex.org/W1966243500","https://openalex.org/W1966396962","https://openalex.org/W1968257597","https://openalex.org/W1968739902","https://openalex.org/W1972459796","https://openalex.org/W1972946703","https://openalex.org/W1973082817","https://openalex.org/W1976357734","https://openalex.org/W1977212456","https://openalex.org/W1982725147","https://openalex.org/W1982846260","https://openalex.org/W1984909502","https://openalex.org/W1985217958","https://openalex.org/W1990701514","https://openalex.org/W1991930950","https://openalex.org/W1994591181","https://openalex.org/W1997418512","https://openalex.org/W2001049552","https://openalex.org/W2001672825","https://openalex.org/W2002150151","https://openalex.org/W2003193659","https://openalex.org/W2003844189","https://openalex.org/W2008942529","https://openalex.org/W2010299046","https://openalex.org/W2012366661","https://openalex.org/W2012516451","https://openalex.org/W2014285286","https://openalex.org/W2014910419","https://openalex.org/W2015965457","https://openalex.org/W2017818081","https://openalex.org/W2017849453","https://openalex.org/W2023357656","https://openalex.org/W2025313426","https://openalex.org/W2026953522","https://openalex.org/W2027954691","https://openalex.org/W2029884299","https://openalex.org/W2030368343","https://openalex.org/W2034026239","https://openalex.org/W2042485134","https://openalex.org/W2044159171","https://openalex.org/W2047712905","https://openalex.org/W2049324654","https://openalex.org/W2049433045","https://openalex.org/W2051048231","https://openalex.org/W2051989512","https://openalex.org/W2054095426","https://openalex.org/W2055767607","https://openalex.org/W2059127870","https://openalex.org/W2063340639","https://openalex.org/W2065478707","https://openalex.org/W2067715694","https://openalex.org/W2070214904","https://openalex.org/W2075112338","https://openalex.org/W2078790182","https://openalex.org/W2078844631","https://openalex.org/W2080856223","https://openalex.org/W2081992428","https://openalex.org/W2083938275","https://openalex.org/W2084562739","https://openalex.org/W2086645479","https://openalex.org/W2094688663","https://openalex.org/W2095336438","https://openalex.org/W2096666407","https://openalex.org/W2098751296","https://openalex.org/W2103598812","https://openalex.org/W2104108035","https://openalex.org/W2105866095","https://openalex.org/W2106548167","https://openalex.org/W2110534701","https://openalex.org/W2111368267","https://openalex.org/W2112742019","https://openalex.org/W2115936040","https://openalex.org/W2117389412","https://openalex.org/W2120187642","https://openalex.org/W2121033220","https://openalex.org/W2122346494","https://openalex.org/W2122511023","https://openalex.org/W2126507611","https://openalex.org/W2128861178","https://openalex.org/W2130459333","https://openalex.org/W2131864158","https://openalex.org/W2135108747","https://openalex.org/W2136381431","https://openalex.org/W2136544477","https://openalex.org/W2137212481","https://openalex.org/W2138621826","https://openalex.org/W2139314206","https://openalex.org/W2141735321","https://openalex.org/W2147752502","https://openalex.org/W2147760191","https://openalex.org/W2149828401","https://openalex.org/W2150516764","https://openalex.org/W2150697228","https://openalex.org/W2151529964","https://openalex.org/W2154336748","https://openalex.org/W2156687392","https://openalex.org/W2158140310","https://openalex.org/W2161857173","https://openalex.org/W2165473104","https://openalex.org/W2168776991","https://openalex.org/W2169151148","https://openalex.org/W2171248599","https://openalex.org/W2172388853","https://openalex.org/W2173589103","https://openalex.org/W2179034243","https://openalex.org/W2182078941","https://openalex.org/W2328573691","https://openalex.org/W2589828073","https://openalex.org/W4256564151"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1913217792","https://openalex.org/W2155252504","https://openalex.org/W7098692920","https://openalex.org/W7135187399","https://openalex.org/W2338090111","https://openalex.org/W2796206621","https://openalex.org/W4394711442","https://openalex.org/W2944779963","https://openalex.org/W4392583986","https://openalex.org/W2065478707"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Large":[0],"explosive":[1],"volcanic":[2,254,360],"eruptions":[3,131,178,239,365,548],"inject":[4],"SO2":[5],"into":[6],"the":[7,33,59,87,97,103,124,142,156,173,199,216,221,240,247,250,275,302,315,330,346,349,356,359,383,395,403,463,480,502,517,520,523,527,531,535,560,591,639],"stratosphere":[8],"where":[9],"it":[10],"is":[11,55,73,96,132,163,213,260,459,468,490,549,607],"oxidised":[12],"to":[13,64,76,106,130,152,176,180,185,237,341,413],"sulphate":[14],"aerosols":[15],"which":[16,119,212,326],"reflect":[17],"sunlight.":[18],"This":[19,95,568],"causes":[20],"a":[21,29,77,114,146,203,284,416,433,506,542,602,624],"reduction":[22,285,604],"in":[23,86,171,235,286,298,304,329,382,394,402,410,435,451,454,497,505,514,530,545,559,605],"global":[24,150,187,205,305],"temperature":[25,288],"and":[26,179,210,267,283,307,314,511,566,615,631],"precipitation":[27,38,53,69,104,174,200,258,311,318,336,419,425,436,446,489,597,642],"lasting":[28],"few":[30,147],"years.":[31],"Here":[32],"robust":[34,340],"features":[35,197,294,338],"of":[36,80,113,126,144,158,198,253,291,317,325,343,348,358,378,424,482,486,522,537,594],"this":[37,458,600],"response":[39,54,105,125,143,157,175,201,236,259,277,337,420,426,447],"are":[40,169,295,327,400,407,579,582,587],"investigated,":[41],"using":[42,58,134,492],"superposed":[43],"epoch":[44],"analysis":[45,72,112,467],"that":[46,183,264,470,540,589],"combines":[47],"results":[48,372,389],"from":[49,246,638],"multiple":[50,166],"eruptions.":[51,167,230],"The":[52,71,108,194,256,334,484],"first":[56,98,503],"analysed":[57],"climate":[60,83],"model":[61,392,640],"HadCM3":[62],"compared":[63],"two":[65],"gauge":[66],"based":[67,117],"land":[68,209,266,276,313,335],"datasets.":[70],"then":[74],"extended":[75],"large":[78,109,573],"suite":[79],"state-of-the":[81],"art":[82],"models":[84,518],"participating":[85],"Coupled":[88],"Model":[89],"Intercomparison":[90],"Project":[91],"Phase":[92],"5":[93],"(CMIP5).":[94],"multi-model":[99],"study":[100],"focusing":[101,477],"on":[102,141,472,479,488],"volcanoes.":[107,483],"ensemble":[110],"allows":[111],"short":[115],"satellite":[116],"dataset":[118,507],"includes":[120],"ocean":[121,224,257,322,418,509],"coverage.":[122],"Finally":[123],"major":[127,160,538],"world":[128,161],"rivers":[129,148,162,539],"examined":[133],"historical":[135],"records.":[136],"Whilst":[137],"previous":[138,473],"studies":[139,475],"focus":[140],"just":[145],"or":[149,574],"discharge":[151,546],"single":[153],"eruptions,":[154],"here":[155],"50":[159],"averaged":[164],"across":[165],"Results":[168,406,581],"applicable":[170],"predicting":[172],"future":[177],"geoengineering":[181],"schemes":[182],"seek":[184],"counteract":[186],"warming":[188],"through":[189],"reducing":[190],"incoming":[191],"solar":[192],"radiation.":[193],"main":[195],"model-simulated":[196],"include":[202],"significant":[204,328,375,543,603,625],"drying":[206],"over":[207,265,312,319,437],"both":[208,411],"ocean,":[211,387],"dominated":[214],"by":[215,462,476,554],"wet":[217,308,532],"tropical":[218,223,309,321],"regions,":[219,323],"whilst":[220,234,274,398],"dry":[222,320],"regions":[225,310],"get":[226],"significantly":[227],"wetter":[228],"following":[229,547],"Monsoon":[231],"rainfall":[232],"decreases,":[233],"individual":[238],"Intertropical":[241],"Convergence":[242],"Zone":[243],"shifts":[244],"away":[245],"hemisphere":[248],"with":[249,269,279,367,508,526,623],"greater":[251],"concentration":[252],"aerosols.":[255],"longer":[261],"lived":[262],"than":[263,552],"correlates":[268,278],"near":[270],"surface":[271],"air":[272],"temperature,":[273],"aerosol":[280],"optical":[281],"depth":[282],"land-ocean":[287],"gradient.":[289],"Many":[290],"these":[292],"modelled":[293],"also":[296],"seen":[297,450],"observational":[299,430,495],"data,":[300],"including":[301,432,500,556],"decrease":[303,434],"mean":[306],"increase":[316,626],"all":[324,452,493],"boreal":[331,455,498],"cold":[332,384,396],"season.":[333,385,405],"were":[339],"choice":[342],"dataset.":[344],"Removing":[345],"influence":[347,481,485],"El":[350,368],"Nino":[351,369],"Southern":[352],"Oscillation":[353],"(ENSO)":[354],"reduces":[355],"magnitude":[357],"response,":[361,525],"as":[362,636],"several":[363],"recent":[364],"coincided":[366],"events.":[370],"However,":[371,516],"generally":[373],"remain":[374],"after":[376],"subtraction":[377],"ENSO,":[379],"at":[380],"least":[381],"Over":[386],"observed":[388],"only":[390,572],"match":[391],"expectations":[393],"season,":[397],"data":[399],"noisy":[401,409],"warm":[404],"too":[408],"seasons":[412],"confirm":[414],"whether":[415],"long":[417],"occurs.":[421],"Spatial":[422],"patterns":[423],"agree":[427],"well":[428],"between":[429],"datasets,":[431],"most":[438],"monsoon":[439],"regions.":[440],"A":[441,465],"positive":[442],"North":[443,633],"Atlantic":[444],"Oscillation-like":[445],"can":[448],"be":[449],"datasets":[453,496],"winter,":[456,499],"but":[457],"not":[460],"captured":[461],"models.":[464],"detection":[466,474],"performed":[469],"builds":[471],"specifically":[478],"volcanism":[487],"detectable":[491,513],"three":[494],"for":[501,609,618,627],"time":[504],"coverage,":[510],"marginally":[512],"summer.":[515],"underestimate":[519],"size":[521],"winter":[524],"discrepancy":[528],"originating":[529],"tropics.":[533],"Finally,":[534],"number":[536],"undergo":[541,590],"change":[544],"slightly":[550],"higher":[551],"expected":[553,637],"chance,":[555],"decreased":[557],"flow":[558,606],"Amazon,":[561],"Congo,":[562],"Nile,":[563],"Orange,":[564],"Ob":[565],"Yenisey.":[567],"proportion":[569],"increases":[570],"when":[571,584],"less":[575,616],"humanly":[576],"influenced":[577],"basins":[578,586],"considered.":[580],"clearer":[583],"neighbouring":[585],"combined":[588],"same":[592],"sign":[593],"CMIP5":[595],"simulated":[596,641],"response.":[598,643],"In":[599],"way":[601],"detected":[608],"northern":[610],"South":[611,629],"American,":[612],"central":[613],"African":[614],"robustly":[617],"high-latitude":[619],"Asian":[620],"rivers,":[621,635],"along":[622],"southern":[628],"American":[630,634],"SW":[632]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}